The interdependency of peak pressure and pressure–time integral in pressure studies on diabetic footwear: No need to report both parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waaijman ◽  
S.A. Bus
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time

CLEAR Cleat: A Proof-of-Concept Trial of an Aerobic Activity Facilitator to Reduce Plantar Forefoot Pressures and Their Potential in Those with Foot Ulcers

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Klein ◽  
Ryan T. Crews ◽  
Stephanie C. Wu ◽  
James S. Wrobel ◽  
David G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Aerobic Activity ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Plantar Aspect ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
Recumbent Bicycle ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background: Exercise has not been studied extensively in persons with active neuropathic diabetic foot wounds, primarily because a device does not exist that allows patients to exercise while sufficiently off-loading pressure at the ulcer site. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate a device that reduces cycling plantar forefoot pressure. Methods: Ten healthy participants rode a recumbent bicycle under three cycling conditions. While the left foot interaction remained constant with a standard gym shoe and pedal, the right foot was exposed to a control condition with standard gym shoe and pedal, gym shoe and specialized cleat, and gym shoe with an off-loading insole and specialized cleat. Pressure and contact area of the plantar aspect of the feet were recorded for a 10-sec interval once during each minute of each condition’s 7-min trial. Results: The off-loading insole and specialized cleat condition yielded significantly lower (P < .01) peak pressure, contact area, and pressure–time integral values in the forefoot than the specialized cleat condition with gym shoe, which yielded significantly lower values (P < .01) than the standard gym shoe and pedal. Conclusion: Modifications to footwear may alter plantar forefoot pressures, contact area, and pressure–time integrals while cycling. The CLEAR Cleat could play a significant role in the facilitation of fitness in patients with (or at high risk for) neuropathic wounds. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(4): 261–267, 2008)

scholarly journals Lower limb kinetic comparisons between the chasse step and one step footwork during stroke play in table tennis

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12481
Author(s):  
Yuqi He ◽  
Dong Sun ◽  
Xiaoyi Yang ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
One Step ◽  
Force Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Plantar Force ◽  
Force Time Integral

Background Biomechanical footwork research during table tennis performance has been the subject of much interest players and exercise scientists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lower limb kinetic characteristics of the chasse step and one step footwork during stroke play using traditional discrete analysis and one-dimensional statistical parameter mapping. Methods Twelve national level 1 table tennis players (Height: 172 ± 3.80 cm, Weight: 69 ± 6.22 kg, Age: 22 ± 1.66 years, Experience: 11 ± 1.71 year) from Ningbo University volunteered to participate in the study. The kinetic data of the dominant leg during the chasse step and one step backward phase (BP) and forward phase (FP) was recorded by instrumented insole systems and a force platform. Paired sample T tests were used to analyze maximum plantar force, peak pressure of each plantar region, the force time integral and the pressure time integral. For SPM analysis, the plantar force time series curves were marked as a 100% process. A paired-samples T-test in MATLAB was used to analyze differences in plantar force. Results One step produced a greater plantar force than the chasse step during 6.92–11.22% BP (P = 0.039). The chasse step produced a greater plantar force than one step during 53.47–99.01% BP (P < 0.001). During the FP, the chasse step showed a greater plantar force than the one step in 21.06–84.06% (P < 0.001). The one step produced a higher maximum plantar force in the BP (P = 0.032) and a lower maximum plantar force in the FP (P = 0) compared with the chasse step. The one step produced greater peak pressure in the medial rearfoot (P = 0) , lateral rearfoot (P = 0) and lateral forefoot (P = 0.042) regions than the chasse step during BP. In FP, the chasse step showed a greater peak pressure in the Toe (P = 0) than the one step. The one step had a lower force time integral (P = 0) and greater pressure time integral (P = 0) than the chasse step in BP, and the chasse step produced a greater force time integral (P = 0) and pressure time integral (P = 0.001) than the one step in the FP. Conclusion The findings indicate that athletes can enhance plantarflexion function resulting in greater weight transfer, facilitating a greater momentum during the 21.06–84.06% of FP. This is in addition to reducing the load on the dominant leg during landing by utilizing a buffering strategy. Further to this, consideration is needed to enhance the cushioning capacity of the sole heel and the stiffness of the toe area.

Plantar Pressure Measurements and Geometric Analysis of Patients With and Without Morton’s Neuroma

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Naraghi ◽  
Linda Slack-Smith ◽  
Alan Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Foot Progression Angle ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The purpose of this research was to see if there were any differences in peak pressure, contact time, pressure-time integrals, and geometric variables such as forefoot width, foot length, coefficient of spreading, and arch index between subjects with Morton’s neuroma (MN) and control subjects. Methods: Dynamic peak plantar pressure, contact time, pressure-time integral, and geometric data were extracted using the EMED-X platform in 52 subjects with MN and 31 control subjects. Differences in peak pressure, contact time, pressure-time integral, and geometric data between participants with and those without MN were determined using independent-samples t tests. There were no significant differences in age, weight, height, and body mass index between patients with MN and control subjects. Results: There were no significant differences in the peak pressures of all masked areas and pressure-time integrals under metatarsal 2 to 4 heads between patients with MN and control subjects. In addition, no significant differences were observed between patients with MN and control subjects in geometric measurements of forefoot length, width, coefficient of spreading, foot progression angle, and arch index. Conclusion: No relationship was found in this study between peak pressure, contact time, and pressure-time integral under the metatarsal heads, forefoot width, foot length, coefficient of spreading, and foot progression angle in a symptomatic MN group compared with a control group. The need to perform osteotomies to treat MN not associated with other lesser metatarsal phalangeal joint pathologies is questionable. Level of Evidence: Level III, Case-Control Study

Variability of plantar pressure data. A comparison of the two-step and midgait methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG McPoil ◽  
MW Cornwall ◽  
L Dupuis ◽  
M Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Reliable Representation

The number of trials required to obtain a reliable representation of the plantar pressure pattern is an important factor in the assessment of people with insensate feet or the use of plantar pressure data as a basis for fabrication of foot orthoses. Traditionally, the midgait method has been used for the collection of pressure data, but the large number of walking trials required by this method can increase the risk of injury to the plantar surface of the insensate foot. As a result, the two-step method of plantar pressure data collection has been advocated. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the degree of variability in regional plantar pressure measurements using the midgait and two-step methods of data collection. Plantar pressure data were collected from ten volunteers (five men and five women) between the ages of 20 and 35 years in 20 trials using both data-collection protocols. The results of the study indicate that three to five walking trials are needed to obtain reliable regional peak pressure and pressure-time integral values when the two-step data-collection protocol is used. Although either method can be used for pressure data collection, one method should be used consistently when repeated assessments are required.

FOOT LOADING PATTERNS WITH DIFFERENT UNSTABLE SOLES STRUCTURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550014 ◽  
Author(s):  
QICHANG MEI ◽  
NENG FENG ◽  
XUEJUN REN ◽  
MAK LAKE ◽  
YAODONG GU
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Loading Patterns ◽  
Foot Loading ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Male Subjects

Foot loading patterns can be changed by using different unstable sole structures, detailed quantification of which is of great significance for research and technological development in falling prevention and lower limb disorders rehabilitation. In this study, unstable soles constructions are adjusted through unstable elements in heel and medial, neutral and lateral forefoot and the foot loading patterns are comparatively studied. A total of 22 healthy male subjects participated in this test. Subjects are asked to walk over a 12 m walkway with control shoes and experimental shoes in self-adapted speed. Significant peak pressure, contact area and pressure-time integral differences in middle foot are found between control shoes and experimental shoes. In addition, peak pressure and pressure-time integral are found to increase significantly with unstable elements adding to center forefoot. The results showed that adjusting the unstable elements in coronal plane of forefoot could effectively alter the distribution of plantar pressure, this could potentially offer a mechanism for preventing falling of elderly and rehabilitation of lower extremity malfunctions. This study also demonstrates a novel concept that unstable element could be effectively adjusted in terms of position to meet different functional requirement.

Increased In-Shoe Lateral Plantar Pressures with Chronic Ankle Instability

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Schmidt ◽  
Lindsay D. Sauer ◽  
Sae Yong Lee ◽  
Susan Saliba ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Force Time

Background: Previous plantar pressure research found increased loads and slower loading response on the lateral aspect of the foot during gait with chronic ankle instability compared to healthy controls. The studies had subjects walking barefoot over a pressure mat and results have not been confirmed with an in-shoe plantar pressure system. Our purpose was to report in-shoe plantar pressure measures for chronic ankle instability subjects compared to healthy controls. Methods: Forty-nine subjects volunteered (25 healthy controls, 24 chronic ankle instability) for this case-control study. Subjects jogged continuously on a treadmill at 2.68 m/s (6.0 mph) while three trials of ten consecutive steps were recorded. Peak pressure, time-to-peak pressure, pressure-time integral, maximum force, time-to-maximum force, and force-time integral were assessed in nine regions of the foot with the Pedar-x in-shoe plantar pressure system (Novel, Munich, Germany). Results: Chronic ankle instability subjects demonstrated a slower loading response in the lateral rearfoot indicated by a longer time-to-peak pressure (16.5% ± 10.1, p = 0.001) and time-to-maximum force (16.8% ± 11.3, p = 0.001) compared to controls (6.5% ± 3.7 and 6.6% ± 5.5, respectively). In the lateral midfoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (318.8 N ± 174.5, p = 0.008) and peak pressure (211.4 kPa ± 57.7, p = 0.008) compared to controls (191.6 N ± 74.5 and 161.3 kPa ± 54.7). Additionally, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly higher force-time integral (44.1 N/s ± 27.3, p = 0.005) and pressure-time integral (35.0 kPa/s ± 12.0, p = 0.005) compared to controls (23.3 N/s ± 10.9 and 24.5 kPa/s ± 9.5). In the lateral forefoot, ankle instability subjects demonstrated significantly greater maximum force (239.9N ± 81.2, p = 0.004), force-time integral (37.0 N/s ± 14.9, p = 0.003), and time-to-peak pressure (51.1% ± 10.9, p = 0.007) compared to controls (170.6 N ± 49.3, 24.3 N/s ± 7.2 and 43.8% ± 4.3). Conclusion: Using an in-shoe plantar pressure system, chronic ankle instability subjects had greater plantar pressures and forces in the lateral foot compared to controls during jogging. Clinical Relevance: These findings may have implications in the etiology and treatment of chronic ankle instability. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Case Control Study

Reliability of an In-Shoe Pressure Measurement System During Treadmill Walking

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Kernozek ◽  
E. E. LaMott ◽  
M. J. Dancisak
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Pressure Measurement System

We examined the reliability of in-shoe foot pressure measurement using the Pedar in-shoe pressure measurement system for 25 participants walking at treadmill speeds of 0.89, 1.12, and 1.34 meters/sec. The measurement system uses EMED insoles, which consist of 99 capacitive sensors, sampled at 50 Hz. Data were collected for 20 seconds at two separate times while participants walked at each gait speed. Differences in some of the loading variables across speed relative to the total foot and across the different anatomical regions were detected. Different anatomical regions of the foot were loaded differently with variations in walking speed. The results indicated the need to control speed when evaluating loading parameters using in-shoe pressure measurement techniques. Coefficients of reliability were calculated. Variables such as peak force for the total foot required two steps to achieve a coefficient of reliability of 0.98. To achieve excellent reliability (>0.90) in the peak force, force time integral, peak pressure, and pressure time integral across the total foot and the seven regions, a maximum of eight steps was needed. In general, timing variables, such as the instant of peak force and the instant of peak pressure, tended to be the least reliable measures.

scholarly journals Effects of walking speed and slope on foot pressure in young healthy adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0030
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Lee ◽  
Byung-Cho Min ◽  
Seungbum Koo
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Uphill Walking

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Although pedobarographic measurement is increasingly used for clinical and research purposes, relatively few published studies have investigated regarding effects of walking speed and slope. This study examined pedobarographic findings in young healthy adults with regard to different walking speeds and slopes. Methods: Twenty young healthy adults (mean age 22.4 years, SD 1.2 years; 10 males and 10 females) were recruited. Dynamic pedobarographic data were obtained during treadmill walking with different walking speeds (3.2 km/hr, 4.3 km/hr, and 5.4 km/hr) and slopes (-8°, -4°, 0°, 4°, and 8°). Pedobarographic data including peak pressure and pressure-time integral were measured on five plantar segments: medial forefoot (MFF), lateral forefoot (LFF), medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), and heel. Distribution of foot pressure between medial and lateral sides, and between anterior and posterior aspects were calculated as varus/valgus index and forefoot/heel index, respectively. Walking speed of 4.3 km/hr on 0° of slope was considered as standard walking condition. Results: Varus/valgus index of peak pressure showed significant increase on the slope of 8° and the walking speed of 4.3 km/hr (p=0.036) and 5.4 km/hr (p=0.007). Forefoot/heel index of peak pressure significantly decreased on downhill walking. Varus/valgus index of pressure-time integral showed significant increase when uphill and downhill slope was greater and walking speed was faster compared with standard with walking condition. Forefoot/heel index of pressure-time integral showed significant increase in downhill walking while significant decrease was observed during uphill walking. Conclusion: Changes of walking speed and slope caused those of foot pressure distribution. Therefore, combination of walking speed and speed might be associated with pressure related symptoms and disorders of the foot.

scholarly journals Sex differences in pedobarographic findings and relationship between radiograph and pedobarograph measurements in young healthy adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0002
Author(s):  
Kyoung Min Lee ◽  
Seung Yeol Lee ◽  
Moon Seok Park ◽  
Ki Hyuk Sung ◽  
Seungbum Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Metatarsal Angle ◽  
Pressure Time

Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Although pedobarographic measurement is increasingly used for clinical and research purposes, relatively few published studies have investigated normative data. This study examined pedobarographic findings in young healthy adults with regard to sex-related differences and correlations among measurement indices. Methods: Twenty young healthy adults (mean age 22.4 years, SD 1.2 years; 10 males and 10 females) were included. Weightbearing anteroposterior and lateral foot radiographs were taken, and dynamic pedobarographic data during treadmill walking and maximum ankle dorsiflexion were obtained. AP talo-first metatarsal angle, naviculocuboid overlap, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and plantar soft tissue thickness were measured on foot radiographs. Pedobarographic data including peak pressure and pressure-time integral were measured on five plantar segments: medial forefoot (MFF), lateral forefoot (LFF), medial midfoot (MMF), lateral midfoot (LMF), and heel. Results: Male and female subjects significantly differed in BMI (p<0.001), AP talo-first metatarsal angle (p=0.018), soft tissue thickness under the metatarsal head (p=0.04) and calcaneal tuberosity (p<0.001), maximum dorsiflexion during stance phase (p=0.041), peak pressure on the MFF (p=0.005) and LFF (p=0.004), and pressure-time integral on the MFF (p=0.018) and heel (p=0.001). Maximum dorsiflexion demonstrated significant negative correlations with pressure-time integral on the MFF (r=-0.595, p=0.007) and total pressure-time integral (r=-0.492, p=0.032). Pressure-time integral varus/valgus index was significantly correlated with pressure-time integral forefoot/heel index (r=0.472, p=0.036). Conclusion: Sex-related differences in pedobarographic examination were observed. Achilles stretching exercise was considered to reduce foot pressures, and subtalar joint was hypothesized to play an important role in pressure distribution.

The Effectiveness of Personalized Custom Insoles on Foot Loading Redistribution during Walking and Running

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yao Meng ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Xin Yan Jiang ◽  
Bíró István ◽  
Yao Dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Time Integral ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Pressure Maximum ◽  
Foot Loading ◽  
And Control ◽  
Better Than

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of different hardness of personalized custom insoles on plantar pressure redistribution in healthy young males during walking and running. Six males participated in the walking and running test (age: 24±1.6 years, weight: 67.9±3.6 kg, height: 175.5±4.7 cm). All subjects were instructed to walk and run along a 10m pathway wearing two different hardness insoles (i.e., hard custom insoles (CHI) and soft custom insole (CSI)) and control insole (CI) at their preferred speed. Peak pressure, mean pressure, maximum force, pressure-time integral were collected to analyze using SPSS. The plantar pressure of forefoot and medial midfoot were significantly increased and of lateral forefoot and lateral midfoot were decreased by both kinds of custom insoles in running tests. While the CHI significantly increased plantar pressure of the medial forefoot compared with the CSI and CI both in walking and running tests. The custom insoles showed significantly higher plantar pressure on medial midfoot. But CSI seems better than CHI because of redistributing the plantar pressure by increasing the plantar pressure of whole forefoot. Moreover, CSI showed significantly lower plantar pressure than CI and CHI at lateral midfoot during running test. The CHI causes significant high pressure at medial forefoot (MF), which may raise the risk of forefoot pain.

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