PO022 Metformin and Dapagliflozin Effects On Epicardial Adipose Tissue Area In Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Patients: MRI Evaluation Studies

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography in measuring the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with the intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) to investigate the relationship between EAT and cIMT. 68 patients of T2DM were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (35 cases) and group of T2DM with duration>10 years (33 cases). And 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. The thickness of EAT and cIMT were measured by echocardiography and high-frequency ultrasonography. The thickness of EAT and IMT of the carotid artery of 2 type 2 diabetic groups (duration≤10 years and>10 years) were significantly higher than that of the control group (all p<0.05), and the thickness of EAT and cIMT of the group of T2DM with duration>10 years were significantly higher than that of the group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, the thickness of EAT was positively and significantly associated with age (r=0.412, p<0.05), BMI (r=0.566, p<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.475, p<0.05), LDL (r=0.425, p<0.05), TG (r=0.496, p<0.05), duration of diabetes (r=0.384, p<0.05) and cIMT (r=0.456, p<0.05). In multiple stepwise regression analyses, age, BMI and IMT of carotid artery were appeared to be significantly associated with EAT (p<0.05 for all). In conclusion, routine screening of EAT and cIMT by ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic patients helps us to predict cardiovascular risks and prevent further development of cardiovascular complications.

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Acute Endothelial Benefits of Fat Restriction over Carbohydrate Restriction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Beyond Carbs and Fats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10121859 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1859 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Renate Barbosa-Yañez ◽

Ulrike Dambeck ◽

Linna Li ◽

Jürgen Machann ◽

Stefan Kabisch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Body Fat ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Diet Group ◽

Flow Mediated Dilation ◽

Reduced Body ◽

Diabetes Patients

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM). The causes are embedded in a complex interplay between excess body fat, insulin resistance and serum lipid anomalies. Endothelial homeostasis is strongly affected by this pathogenic network. Even though metabolic changes and weight loss improve vascular endothelial function, the effect of different dietary approaches is still uncertain for type 2 diabetes patients. Objective: We aimed to compare the acute effects of a hypocaloric very low carbohydrate (VLC) diet versus a hypocaloric low fat (LF) diet on flow mediated dilation (FMD), intrahepatic lipid (IHL) accumulation and visceral adipose tissue as independent risk factors of CVD in T2DM patients. Design: 36 T2DM patients (age 63 ± 8 years, 60% females) were randomly assigned to the VLC diet (4–10% of total energy intake (E)) or to the LF diet (<30% E) for 3 weeks. Endothelial function was assessed by the flow mediated dilation (FMD) method. Adipose tissue depots and IHL were determined by magnetic resonance. Results: Both dietary strategies reduced body weight, body fat content and IHL. Unexpectedly, the LF group experienced significantly greater enhancement of FMD, compared to the VLC group. The FMD showed a positive correlation with protein intake and fat intake in the LF group, while it revealed a negative correlation with protein intake in the VLC diet group. Conclusions: Reduction of total and hepatic adiposity was shown to be successful using either the VLC or LF hypocaloric diets, however, improvements in FMD may be related to the interplay of fat and protein intake.

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Epicardial adipose tissue predicts incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/s12933-019-0917-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Regitse H. Christensen ◽

Bernt Johan von Scholten ◽

Christian S. Hansen ◽

Magnus T. Jensen ◽

Tina Vilsbøll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Incident Cardiovascular Disease

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Epicardial adipose tissue is a predictor of decreased kidney function and coronary artery calcification in youth- and early adult onset type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation ◽

10.1007/s40618-019-1011-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 979-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Reinhardt ◽

T. R. Cushman ◽

M. S. Thearle ◽

J. Krakoff

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Adult Onset

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Dendritic Cells in Subcutaneous and Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Coronary Artery Disease

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2019/5481725 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Miloš Mráz ◽

Anna Cinkajzlová ◽

Jana Kloučková ◽

Zdeňka Lacinová ◽

Helena Kratochvílová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Low Grade ◽

Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽

Artery Disease

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells contributing to regulation of lymphocyte immune response. DCs are divided into two subtypes: CD11c-positive conventional or myeloid (cDCs) and CD123-positive plasmacytoid (pDCs) DCs. The aim of the study was to assess DCs (HLA-DR+ lineage-) and their subtypes by flow cytometry in peripheral blood and subcutaneous (SAT) and epicardial (EAT) adipose tissue in subjects with (T2DM, n=12) and without (non-T2DM, n=17) type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Subjects with T2DM had higher fasting glycemia (8.6±0.7 vs. 5.8±0.2 mmol/l, p<0.001) and glycated hemoglobin (52.0±3.4 vs. 36.9±1.0 mmol/mol, p<0.001) and tended to have more pronounced inflammation (hsCRP: 9.8±3.1 vs. 5.1±1.9 mg/ml, p=0.177) compared with subjects without T2DM. T2DM was associated with reduced total DCs in SAT (1.57±0.65 vs. 4.45±1.56% for T2DM vs. non-T2DM, p=0.041) with a similar, albeit insignificant, trend in EAT (0.996±0.33 vs. 2.46±0.78% for T2DM vs. non-T2DM, p=0.171). When analyzing DC subsets, no difference in cDCs was seen between any of the studied groups or adipose tissue pools. In contrast, pDCs were increased in both SAT (13.5±2.0 vs. 4.6±1.9% of DC cells, p=0.005) and EAT (29.1±8.7 vs. 8.4±2.4% of DC, p=0.045) of T2DM relative to non-T2DM subjects as well as in EAT of the T2DM group compared with corresponding SAT (29.1±8.7 vs. 13.5±2.0% of DC, p=0.020). Neither obesity nor coronary artery disease (CAD) significantly influenced the number of total, cDC, or pDC in SAT or EAT according to multiple regression analysis. In summary, T2DM decreased the amount of total dendritic cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue and increased plasmacytoid dendritic cells in subcutaneous and even more in epicardial adipose tissue. These findings suggest a potential role of pDCs in the development of T2DM-associated adipose tissue low-grade inflammation.

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The Relationship Between Visceral Adiposity Index and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-0892-4290 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ismail Baloglu ◽

Kultigin Turkmen ◽

Nedim Selcuk ◽

Halil Tonbul ◽

Adalet Ozcicek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction and aim Cardiovascular diseases remain the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), visceral fat depot of the heart, was found to be associated with coronary artery disease in cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Increased visceral adiposity is associated with proinflammatory activity, impaired insulin sensitivity, increased risk of atherosclerosis and high mortality. In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between EAT and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with diabetes. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 128 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (73 females, 55 males; mean age, 54.09+±+9.17 years) and 32 control subjects (23 females, 9 males; mean age, 50.09+±+7.81 years). EAT was measured by using a trans-thoracic echocardiograph. Parameters such as waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were used to calculate VAI. Result EAT and VAI measurements were significantly higher in patients with diabetes when compared to control subjects. In the bivariate correlation analysis, VAI was positively correlated with uric acid level (r=0.214, p=0.015), white blood cell count (r= 0.262, p=0.003), platelet count (r=0.223, p=0.011) and total cholesterol levels (r= 0.363, p<0.001). Also, VAI was found to be the independent predictor of EAT. Conclusion Simple calculation of VAI was found to be associated with increased EAT in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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