scholarly journals Quantitative Western ligand blotting reveals common patterns and differential features of IGFBP-fingerprints in domestic ruminant breeds and species

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Wirthgen ◽  
Christine Höflich ◽  
Marion Spitschak ◽  
Carina Helmer ◽  
Bodo Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Ruminant

scholarly journals Serological evidence of Rift Valley fever virus infection among domestic ruminant herds in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deo B. Ndumu ◽  
Barnabas Bakamutumaho ◽  
Edward Miller ◽  
Jesca Nakayima ◽  
Robert Downing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
The South ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
The Western Region

Abstract Background Prior to the first recorded outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF) in Uganda, in March 2016, earlier studies done until the 1970’s indicated the presence of the RVF virus (RVFV) in the country, without any recorded outbreaks in either man or animals. While severe outbreaks of RVF occurred in the neighboring countries, none were reported in Uganda despite forecasts that placed some parts of Uganda at similar risk. The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) undertook studies to determine the RVF sero-prevalence in risk prone areas. Three datasets from cattle sheep and goats were obtained; one from retrospective samples collected in 2010–2011 from the northern region; the second from the western region in 2013 while the third was from a cross-sectional survey done in 2016 in the south-western region. Laboratory analysis involved the use of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses, including non-parametric chi-square tests for comparisons between districts and species in the regions. Results During the Yellow Fever outbreak investigation of 2010–2011 in the northern region, a total sero-prevalence of 6.7% was obtained for anti RVFV reacting antibodies (IgG and IgM) among the domestic ruminant population. The 2013 sero-survey in the western region showed a prevalence of 18.6% in cattle and 2.3% in small ruminants. The 2016 sero-survey in the districts of Kabale, Kanungu, Kasese, Kisoro and Rubirizi, in the south-western region, had the respective district RVF sero-prevalence of 16.0, 2.1, 0.8, 15.1and 2.7% among the domestic ruminants combined for this region; bovines exhibited the highest cumulative sero-prevalence of 15.2%, compared to 5.3 and 4.0% respectively for sheep and goats per species for the region. Conclusions The absence of apparent outbreaks in Uganda, despite neighboring enzootic areas, having minimal restrictions to the exchange of livestock and their products across borders, suggest an unexpected RVF activity in the study areas that needs to be unraveled. Therefore, more in-depth studies are planned to mitigate the risk of an overt RVF outbreak in humans and animals as has occurred in neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in aborted samples of domestic ruminants in Iran

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250116
Author(s):  
Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez ◽  
Mohammad Khalili ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
Saber Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Different Parts

Background Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever which is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. C. burnetii has become one of the most important causes of abortion in livestock, which can lead to widespread abortions in these animals. There are very limited studies on the prevalence of C. burnetii infection in cases of animal abortion in Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of C. burnetii in ruminant abortion samples in Iran. Methods Abortion samples from cattle, sheep and goats were collected from different parts of Iran and were tested using Real-time PCR targeting the IS1111 element of C. burnetii. Results In this study, 36 samples (24.7%) of the 146 collected samples were positive for C. burnetii. The prevalence of C. burnetii was 21.3% (20 of 94 samples) in sheep samples. Also, 10 of 46 cattle samples (21.7%) were positive. All six goat abortion samples were positive for C. burnetii. Conclusions The findings of the study demonstrate that C. burnetii plays an important role in domestic ruminant abortions in Iran, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the role of C. burnetii in domestic animal abortions by veterinary organizations. The risk of transmitting the infection to humans due to abortion of animals should also be considered.

Manipulation of Rumen Function by the Inoculation of Novel Microorganisms

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Dalrymple ◽  
Chris S. McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Protein Supply

The use of inoculants to improve the performance of animals is practised widely in many intensive animal production industries, but this practice is less widespread in the extensive grazing systems. Here we describe the background and some recent developments in the area of utilizing ruminal micro-organisms for the modification and improvement of productivity in ruminants. The inoculants, designed for establishment in the new domestic ruminant host, have specific, superior or modified activities, but currently have a restricted geographical or species distribution. Current work has focused on three novel or augmented activities, namely: reducing the toxicity of particular plant poisons, increasing the utilization of plant fibre and the modification of protein supply. The most successful projects so far have tackled the detoxification of the plant poisons, mimosine and fluoroacetate, but projects aimed at increasing the utilization of plant fibre are now well advanced. Molecular techniques have significantly assisted in the identification, differentiation and tracking of organisms and are essential for the construction of modified organisms.

scholarly journals Intraruminal injection of urea and changes in secretion of parotid saliva in sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Obara ◽  
K. Shimbayashi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Blood Ammonia ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Close Relationship

1. Sheep were injected with varying doses of urea into the rumen and changes in the amount of saliva secreted from one parotid gland were studied. When the dose of urea was 0.1–0.2 g/kg, the secretion under- went no change. When the dose was 0.3 g/kg. the secretion was inhibited. When the dose was 0.4 or 0.5 g/kg, there was a marked inhibition in the secretion.2. There was a close relationship between the ammonia level of the jugular blood and the inhibition of salivary secretion. When the ammonia level exceeded approximately 0.28 mmol/l, the secretion was inhibited abruptly.3. Salivary secretion and rumen movement were inhibited when the blood ammonia level exceeded 0.28 mmoljl, after injection of ammonium acetate into the jugular vein.4. Based on the results mentioned previously, the mechanism of inhibition on the secretion of parotid saliva is discussed in relation to the domestic ruminant in which urea had been injected into the rumen.

scholarly journals Comparison of feed intake, digestion and rumen function among domestic ruminant species grazing in upland vegetation communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. M. Ferreira ◽  
G. Hervás ◽  
A. Belenguer ◽  
R. Celaya ◽  
M. A. M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Ruminant Species
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