Microbialites in the shallow-water marine environments of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) in the aftermath of the Frasnian–Famennian biotic crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Rakociński ◽  
Grzegorz Racki
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Biotic Crisis ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains

scholarly journals Bioerosion traces and borings in the Upper Devonian vertebrate remains from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland Bioerosion in fish remains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szrek ◽  
Patrycja G. Dworczak ◽  
Olga Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
Shallow Tunnels ◽  
Shallow Water Environment ◽  
Storm Wave ◽  
Fish Remains

Among the hundreds of collected Devonian vertebrate macrofossils in the Holy Cross Mountains, placoderms dominate and provide data on their morphology, distribution and taphonomy. So far 17 out of more than 500 studied specimens have revealed bones with surfaces covered by sediment-filled trace fossils. The traces have been made on the vertebrate remains before their final burial. The borings, oval in cross-section, include dendroidal networks of shallow tunnels or short, straight or curved individual scratches and grooves, which frequently create groups on the both sides of the bones. ?Karethraichnus isp. from Kowala and ?Osteocallis isp. from Wietrznia are the oldest record of these ichnogenera. Sedimentological clues indicate a shallow water environment, probably from the slope below the storm wave base.

The Upper Givetian (Middle Devonian) Subterminus Conodont Zone in North America, Europe and North Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Narkiewicz ◽  
Pierre Bultynck
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
The North ◽  
Conodont Zone ◽  
Montagne Noire ◽  
Stratigraphic Range

Late Givetian and early Frasnian conodont communities with Icriodus subterminus have been revised on the basis of collections from Iowa (USA), the Boulonnais and the Ardennes (northern France and Belgium), the Radom-Lublin area and Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), and the Ma'der-Tafilalt region (southeast Morocco). As a result an Icriodus subterminus Zone with a threefold subdivision is defined. The three subzones correspond approximately to the “Lower and Upper subterminus Fauna” and the “insita Fauna” commonly used in N America for the study of shallow-water platform carbonate successions.The base of the subterminus Zone corresponds to a level within the uppermost part of the hermanni Zone; the top is characterized by the occurrence of the earliest Ancyrodella taxa, Montagne Noire Zones MN 1 and the base of MN 2 or slightly above the base of the falsiovalis Zone.The diagnosis of Icriodus subterminus is amended and two morphotypes are recognized. The stratigraphic range of the alpha morphotype is confined to an interval between the uppermost part of the hermanni Zone and the top of the MN 3 Zone; the beta morphotype may range into the MN 6 Zone.The holotype of Icriodus subterminus from the North Liberty beds in Iowa is most likely a specimen that was reworked from the Cedar Valley Limestone. Icriodus cedarensis and Icriodus tafilaltensis are described as new species, and the diagnoses of Icriodus excavatus and Icriodus expansus are amended. Between the Icriodus difficilis and Icriodus symmetricus zones, an Icriodus expansus Zone is defined.

A new survivor species of Dicoelosia (Brachiopoda) from Rhuddanian (Silurian) shallower-water biofacies in South China

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Huang ◽  
Jia-Yu Rong ◽  
David A. T. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Biotic Crisis ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
A New Species

The brachiopod genus Dicoelosia is generally considered a typical deep-water taxon. New data suggest that some species of the genus may have invaded relatively shallow-water habitats during its geological history. However, there is scant evidence for its invasion of shallow-water environments after the terminal Ordovician mass extinction. Dicoelosia occurs in the shallower-water benthic shelly assemblages of the lower Niuchang Formation (upper Rhuddanian, Llandovery) of Meitan County, northern Guizhou Province, South China. Evidence of a move to shallow water includes its morphology and population structure, regional paleogeography, sedimentology, together with the abundance and diversity of its shallow-water associates. Following the biotic crisis, deep-water environments were barely habitable, and may have driven Dicoelosia into shallower-water niches. The taxon endured the less suitable shallow-water environments until the deep-water benthic zones ameliorated after the recovery, implying a shallow-water refugium existed after the biotic crisis. A new species Dicoelosia cathaysiensis is erected herein. There is only one record of this genus in South China and this unique occurrence may reflect the distinctive paleobiogeography and environments of this region.

scholarly journals Recent Cnidarian-associated barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) from the Brazilian Coast

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
The South ◽  
New Occurrences

Basead on extensive collections of cnidarians from Brazilian shallow-water marine environments, new occurrences of four species of associated barnacles are cited, the first three being redescribed; Tne archaeobalanid Conopea galeata, asssociated with the gorgonians Muriceopsis sulphurea, Lophogorgia punicea and Heterogorgia sp from the States of Paraíba, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; the balanid Megabalanus stultus, associated with the hydrozoans Millepora spp from Paraíba to Alagoas and from the south of Bahia to Rio de Janeiro; the pyrgomatids Megatrema madreporarum, associated with the scleractinian corals Agaricia spp from Paraíba to Alagoas and the south of Bahia, and Ceratoconcha floridanum, associated with the seleractinian coral Mussismilia hispida from Atol das Rodas and Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals The unusual biology of marine file snakes with a perspective for the conservation of Acrochordus granulatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Coastal Habitats ◽  
Distinct Evolutionary Lineage

Biodiversity and the function of tropical shallow-water marine environments are threatened by numerous anthropogenic factors, especially climate change, overharvesting of resources, and destruction of habitat. Marine snakes are important components of coastal shallow-water systems and should be considered as indicators of the health of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves. Acrochordid snakes (Acrochordidae: Acrochordus) represent a highly distinct evolutionary lineage with unusual adaptations to shallow water habitats and importance to biodiversity of tropical coastal regions. One of three congeneric species, Acrochordus granulatus (file snake), is an interesting and common inhabitant of coastal estuaries and mangroves in the Philippines. This paper reviews unusual attributes of A. granulatus and provides a perspective for its conservation in coastal habitats. Morphological, physiological, and behavioral characters of this snake are specialized for life in shallow-water marine environments such as mangroves. Unusual and specialized features confer abilities for prolonged submergence and include low metabolic rate, large capacity for oxygen storage, cutaneous gas exchange, nearly complete utilization of oxygen stores during aerobic submergence, intracardiac and cutaneous shunts for regulating blood flow, and reclusive behavior. Fresh water is required for water balance, and file snakes are dependent on rainfall in many habitats where they drink from freshwater lenses formed by precipitation on the surfaces of marine water. File snakes feed largely on fishes and are candidates as bio-indicators of the health of shallow-water coastal habitats. Attention should be given to threatening insults on coastal environments including climate change, habitat destruction, harvesting of resources, and other factors in need of research, monitoring, and plans for abatement. Importantly, conservation can be promoted by educating people about the docile behavior, unusual traits, and interesting ecology of A. granulatus. KEYWORDS: mangrove, shallow water, Acrochordidae, little file snake, conservation physiology, ecophysiology

scholarly journals Host-symbiont stress response to lack-of-sulfide in the giant ciliate mutualism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Espada-Hinojosa ◽  
Judith Drexel ◽  
Julia Kesting ◽  
Edwin Kniha ◽  
Iason Pifeas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Symbiont Transmission ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Over Time

The thiotrophic mutualism between the sulfur-oxidizing, chemoautotrophic (thiotrophic) bacterial ectosymbiont Candidatus Thiobius zoothamnicola and the giant ciliate Zoothamnium niveum thrives in a variety of shallow-water marine environments with highly fluctuating sulfide emission. To persist over time both partners must reproduce and ensure symbiont transmission prior cessation of sulfide, fueling the symbiont’s carbon fixation and host nourishment. We experimentally investigated the response of this mutualism to waning of sulfide. We found that colonies followed the r-strategy and released initially present but also newly produced macrozooids until death. A fraction of middle-sized longer-lived colonies were particularly proficient in producing and releasing swarmers. The symbionts on the colonies proliferated less and became larger and more rod-shaped under oxic conditions compared to symbionts from freshly collected colonies exposed to sulfide and oxygen. The symbiont monolayer was highly disturbed with epigrowth of other microbes and loss of symbionts that were subsequently found in the experimental seawater. We conclude that both partners’ response to cessation of sulfide emission was remarkably fast. The colony experienced death within two days but host reproduction through swarmers carrying the symbiont ensured the continuation of the association.

Classification of stones in coastal marine environments using random forest machine learning on topo-bathymetric LiDAR data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Schilling Hansen ◽  
Verner Brandbyge Ernstsen ◽  
Mikkel Skovgaard Andersen ◽  
Zyad Al-Hamdani ◽  
Ramona Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Habitat Mapping ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Coastal Marine

<p>Stones on the seabed in coastal marine environments form an important hard substrate for macroalgae, and hence for coastal marine reefs. Such reef areas constitute important ecosystem services, e.g. storage of organic carbon in macroalgae or “blue carbon” as well as important habitats to fish for living, hiding and feeding. Information and knowledge about stone locations and geometry in coastal marine environments are often obtained as part of seabed habitat mapping. Usually, seabed habitat mapping is based on geophysical surveys using multibeam echo sounding along with side-scan sonar imaging in combination with biological ground-truthing. However, coastal areas are challenging to map with full spatial coverage due to the shallow water conditions. Furthermore, the research vessels often have too large drafts to sail in very shallow water close to the coastline. An alternative is to use airborne LiDAR technology. Topo-bathymetric LiDAR (green wavelength of 532 nm) has made it possible to derive high-resolution data of the bathymetry in coastal zones (e.g. Andersen et al., 2017). This technology can cover the transition zone between land and water, and the time consumption for data acquisition is small compared to vessel borne methods. However, the processing of the data still requires manual decision steps, which makes it rather time consuming, and to some extent subjective.</p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of developing an automated method to classify stones from topo-bathymetric LiDAR data in coastal marine environments with shallow water (<6 m). The Rødsand lagoon in Denmark, where topo-bathymetric LiDAR data were acquired in 2015, was used as test. The classification was done using the random forest machine learning algorithm. The study resulted in the development of a nearly automated method to classify stones from topo-bathymetric LiDAR data. The classification accuracy was between 80 and 90% for the test site. The obtained knowledge about stone locations can provide important information about the ecosystem services and improved management of the coastal marine environment.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgement:</p><p>This work is part of the project "ECOMAP - Baltic Sea environmental assessments by opto-acoustic remote sensing, mapping, and monitoring", supported by BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU and the Innovation Fund Denmark.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Andersen MS, Gergely A, Al-Hamdani Z, Steinbacher F, Larsen LR, Ernstsen VB (2017). Processing and performance of topobathymetric lidar data for geomorphometric and morphological classification in a high-energy tidal environment. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 21: 43-63, DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-43-2017.</p>

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