Effortful Listening: Sympathetic Activity Varies as a Function of Listening Demand but Parasympathetic Activity Does not

2021 ◽  
pp. 108348
Author(s):  
Kate Slade ◽  
Sophia E. Kramer ◽  
Stephen Fairclough ◽  
Michael Richter
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity

scholarly journals Autonomic nervous system balance in children and adolescents with craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Cohen ◽  
Catriona Syme ◽  
Brian W McCrindle ◽  
Jill Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity ◽  
Power Spectral

ObjectiveDysregulation of the autonomic nervous system is thought to be involved in craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity (CRHO). Increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity have been suggested. We aimed to study autonomic activity using heart rate variability (HRV) and biochemical measures in youth with CRHO compared with controls and to explore relationships between obesity and autonomic indices.DesignA cross-sectional study of 16 youth with CRHO and 16 controls matched for sex, age, and BMI.MethodsAnthropometrics, fasting blood-work, resting energy expenditure (REE), 24-h HRV, and 24-h urine catecholamines were assessed. Quality of life, sleepiness, and autonomic symptoms were evaluated. Power spectral analysis of the HRV was performed.ResultsHRV power spectral analysis parameters of both parasympathetic activity (mean high frequency (HF (ms2)) 611±504 vs 459±336,P=0.325) and sympathetic activity (median low frequency/HF 1.62 (1.37, 2.41) vs 1.89 (1.44, 2.99),P=0.650) did not differ between the groups. Parasympathetic activity negatively correlated with central adiposity in both groups (r=−0.53,P=0.034 andr=−0.54,P=0.029) and sympathetic activity positively correlated with central adiposity in CRHO (r=0.51,P=0.043). Youth with CRHO had significantly lower REE; lower health and activity scores in the quality of life questionnaires, and higher sleepiness scores.ConclusionsAutonomic activity was similar in CRHO and control subjects. The degree of central adiposity correlated negatively with parasympathetic activity and positively with sympathetic activity in children with CRHO. These results provide a new perspective regarding autonomic balance in this unique patient population.

Effect of provocative maneuvers on heart rate variability in subjects with quadriplegia

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. H2239-H2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Grimm ◽  
R. E. DeMeersman ◽  
R. P. Garofano ◽  
A. M. Spungen ◽  
W. A. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Spectral Components ◽  
Male Subjects

This study investigated heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with quadriplegia who have disruption of autonomic control of the heart. Seven male subjects with neurological complete quadriplegia and seven with incomplete quadriplegia were studied at rest and during provocation. HRV was measured by power spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transform. Two spectral components were generated: 1) the high-frequency (HF) peak, a reflection of parasympathetic activity, and 2) the low-frequency (LF) peak, primarily sympathetic activity with some parasympathetic input. Results of the provocative maneuvers were grouped into one composite variable. Significant differences in the LF spectral component were found between the groups with complete and incomplete lesions in the supine position and after provocation (LF supine: P = 0.01; LF provocation: P = 0.002). After provocation, significant differences were demonstrated in the HF spectral component between these groups (P = 0.005). In contrast to previous findings, a LF component in subjects with complete quadriplegia was observed; this LF component decreased after provocation, suggesting the parasympathetic component withdrew during stressful maneuvers. There also appeared to be general downregulation of parasympathetic activity to the heart in subjects with complete quadriplegia. The presence of an increased LF spectral component during provocation in those with incomplete lesions implies sympathetic stimulation of the heart and may be used as a marker of sympathetic activity in individuals with quadriplegia.

Electroacupuncture Improves Imbalance of Autonomic Function under Restraint Stress in Conscious Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Imai ◽  
Hajime Ariga ◽  
Toku Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Acupuncture may modulate the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. It is well known that restraint stress delays gastric emptying via inhibiting parasympathetic activity and/or stimulating sympathetic activity in rats. We have previously shown that electroacupuncture (EA) improves delayed gastric emptying induced by restraint stress in rats. To investigate whether the beneficial effect of EA on delayed gastric emptying is associated with its modulatory effects on autonomic nervous activity, we utilized spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). In rats, the power in the low frequency (LF; 0.04–1.0 Hz) and high frequency (HF; 1.0–3 Hz) band of HRV represent sympathetic and parasympathetic activities, respectively. Electrocardiography (ECG)-electrodes were implanted on the subcutaneous tissues of the back. One week after the surgery, ECG was recorded before, during and after the restraint stress loading in a conscious state. EA (10 Hz) was applied at bilateral acupuncture points [ST-36 (lower leg) or BL-21 (back)] during restraint stress loading. In response to restraint stress, heart rate and LF component were increased, suggesting the increased activity of sympathetic tone. EA at ST-36 significantly reduced the elevated heart rate and LF, compared to that of control group. EA at ST-36 also significantly increased HF component after finishing the stress loading. In contrast, EA at BL-21 had no significant effect on the heart rate, LF and HF. It is suggested that EA at ST-36 stimulates parasympathetic activity and inhibits sympathetic activity under the restraint stress in rats.

scholarly journals Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Activity Are Associated with Individual Differences in Neural Indices of Selective Attention in Adults

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Giuliano ◽  
Christina M. Karns ◽  
Theodore A. Bell ◽  
Seth Petersen ◽  
Elizabeth A. Skowron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Autonomic Physiology

AbstractMultiple theoretical frameworks posit that interactions between the autonomic nervous system and higher-order neural networks are crucial for cognitive regulation. However, few studies have directly examined the relationship between measures of autonomic physiology and brain activity during cognitive tasks, and fewer studies have examined both the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic branches when doing so. Here, 93 adults completed an event-related potential (ERP) auditory selective attention task concurrently with measures of parasympathetic activity (high-frequency heart rate variability; HF-HRV) and sympathetic activity (pre-ejection period; PEP). We replicate previous findings showing effects of selective attention on mean amplitude of the N1 ERP component (Hillyard et al., 1973; Coch et al., 2005), and extend this result to show that the effects of selective attention were associated with baseline values of HF-HRV and PEP. Individuals with higher resting HF-HRV and shorter resting PEP showed larger effects of selective attention on their ERPs. Follow-up regression models demonstrated that HF-HRV and PEP accounted for unique variance in selective attention effects on N1 mean amplitude. These results are consistent with the neurovisceral integration model, which posits that greater parasympathetic activity is a marker of increased cognitive capacity, as well as other theoretical models which emphasize the role of heightened sympathetic activity in more efficient attention-related processing. The present findings highlight the importance of autonomic physiology in the study of individual differences in neurocognitive function, and given the foundational role of selective attention across cognitive domains, suggest that both parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may be key to understanding variability in brain function across a variety of cognitive tasks.

Assessment of heart rate variability for different somatotype category among adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Subramanian ◽  
Vivek Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rajathi Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
The Time Domain

Abstract Background Somatotype is a quantified expression of the morphological conformation of a person in terms of three-numeral rating each representing one component; fat (endomorphy), muscle mass (mesomorphy) and bone length (ectomorphy) in the same order. Certain somatotypes are more prone to develop the particular disease. Obesity and overweight are already epidemic among Indian adolescents and are increasing at an alarming rate, and obesity is linked to cardiovascular (CV) risk in this age group. Identifying the heart rate variability (HRV) is an established non-invasive test to identify the CV risk. The objective of this study is to record the HRV data for each somatotype category and to compare the HRV data among these somatotype categories in adolescents. Methods The volunteer adolescents in the age group of 12–17 years were classified into a different somatotyping categories based on the Heath Carter somatotyping method. The short-term HRV was recorded in all the subjects using wireless BioHarness 3.0. Results Based on the time domain and frequency domain parameters, the parasympathetic activity showed decreasing order as follows: central>ectomorphy>mesomorphy>endomorphy, whereas sympathetic activity showed increasing order as follows: central<ectomorphy<mesomorphy<endomorphy in both boys and girls. Girls have higher parasympathetic activity and lesser sympathetic activity than boys in ectomorphy and mesomorphy. In the central somatotype and endomorphy categories, genders were comparable. Conclusion Our study suggests that endomorphy and mesomorphy have poorer autonomic tone when compared to other somatotype categories.

scholarly journals Sleep Deprivation Deteriorates Heart Rate Variability and Photoplethysmography

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Bourdillon ◽  
Fanny Jeanneret ◽  
Masih Nilchian ◽  
Patrick Albertoni ◽  
Pascal Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Subjective Fatigue ◽  
Partial Sleep Deprivation

IntroductionSleep deprivation has deleterious effects on cardiovascular health. Using wearable health trackers, non-invasive physiological signals, such as heart rate variability (HRV), photoplethysmography (PPG), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) can be analyzed for detection of the effects of partial sleep deprivation on cardiovascular responses.MethodsFifteen participants underwent 1 week of baseline recording (BSL, usual day activity and sleep) followed by 3 days with 3 h of sleep per night (SDP), followed by 1 week of recovery with sleep ad lib (RCV). HRV was recorded using an orthostatic test every morning [root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), power in the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands, and normalized power nLF and nHF were computed]; PPG and polysomnography (PSG) were recorded overnight. Continuous blood pressure and psychomotor vigilance task were also recorded. A questionnaire of subjective fatigue, sleepiness, and mood states was filled regularly.ResultsRMSSD and HF decreased while nLF increased during SDP, indicating a decrease in parasympathetic activity and a potential increase in sympathetic activity. PPG parameters indicated a decrease in amplitude and duration of the waveforms of the systolic and diastolic periods, which is compatible with increases in sympathetic activity and vascular tone. PSG showed a rebound of sleep duration, efficiency, and deep sleep in RCV compared to BSL. BRS remained unchanged while vigilance decreased during SDP. Questionnaires showed an increased subjective fatigue and sleepiness during SDP.ConclusionHRV and PPG are two markers easily measured with wearable devices and modified by partial sleep deprivation, contradictory to BRS. Both markers showed a decrease in parasympathetic activity, known as detrimental to cardiovascular health.

Autonomic cardiac modulation measured with a noninvasive device during psychophysiological preparation predicts flow state during piano performance: A Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Jha ◽  
Nicolette Stogios ◽  
Adriana Sarmento de Oliveira ◽  
Scott Thomas ◽  
Robert Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cardiac Modulation ◽  
Grade 8

BACKGROUND Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a common experience among elite and professional musicians and impedes performers from achieving flow state, or a state of focused, sustained attention and engagement in one’s task. Use of non-invasive monitoring devices to understand the autonomic components of flow state can provide knowledge to better treat MPA. The aim of this study was to use non-invasive monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV) as a physiologic indicator of autonomic-cardiac activity and its association with peak flow. OBJECTIVE We recruited individuals between the ages of 15 and 22 years who had at least a Royal Conservatory of Music (RCM) Grade 8 piano certification. Participants were asked to prepare three pieces: Johann Sebastian Bach’s Prelude No. 1 in C Major, Erik Satie’s Gymnopedie No. 1, and a piece of their choice (Bach, Satie and a song of their own choosing). Performer heart rate data were measured with a Polar 800 watch in 5-minute periods immediately before performances, during performances and post-performance. HRV indices of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation of the heart were analyzed in 2.5-minute segments to monitor short-term autonomic adjustments using the Kubios HRV Software. Flow state was measured using the 36-item Flow State Scale (FSS). METHODS Our sample consisted of 22 RCM Grade 8 certified pianists (9 female, 13 male, age =20 + 1.6) The highest level of flow was observed for the Bach performance (3.87/5). Decreased HRV was observed during the performance of the piece, as indicated by a significant drop in total power (54% reduction) (p < 0.0001). This indicated a shift in increased sympathetic activity or vagal withdrawal. Flow state during the pre-performance phase was independently and positively associated with parasympathetic activity (β = 0.84, p=0.013), and during performance it was inversely associated with sympathetic activity (β = -0.79, p=0.04) RESULTS Our sample consisted of 22 RCM Grade 8 certified pianists (9 female, 13 male, age =20 + 1.6) The highest level of flow was observed for the Bach performance (3.87/5). Decreased HRV was observed during the performance of the piece, as indicated by a significant drop in total power (54% reduction) (p < 0.0001). This indicated a shift in increased sympathetic activity or vagal withdrawal. Flow state during the pre-performance phase was independently and positively associated with parasympathetic activity (β = 0.84, p=0.013), and during performance it was inversely associated with sympathetic activity (β = -0.79, p=0.04) CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that non-invasive monitoring of autonomic-cardiac modulation can provide novel insight into time-sensitive changes in the physiologic activity that is associated with psychological flow state. Evidence of increased parasympathetic activity and reduced sympathetic activity in the pre-performance phase suggests that flow state may be as much a consequence of physiological preparation immediately prior to performance as it is a physiologic response during the performance itself. Evidence of this correlation between autonomic modulation of the heart and achievement of flow state may pave the way for further research on enhancing musical performance and targeting MPA through HRV-based interventions. Future directions may involve investigation of other physiological manifestations in order to identify essential physiologic components of flow state, which may include such as facial or skeletal muscle activation, electrodermal activation and distinct patterns of neurological response via electroencephalography measurements.

Effects of sleep pressure on endogenous cardiac autonomic activity and body temperature

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2578-2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Holmes ◽  
Helen J. Burgess ◽  
Drew Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Activity ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Activity

This study investigated the effects of variations in sleep pressure on cardiac autonomic activity and body temperature. In a counterbalanced design, 12 healthy, young subjects (6 men and 6 women) remained recumbent during 30 h of wakefulness (high sleep pressure) and 6 h of wakefulness (low sleep pressure). Both periods of wakefulness were immediately followed by a sleep opportunity, and the first 2 h of sleep were analyzed. During extended hours of wakefulness, a reduction in heart rate was mediated by a decline in cardiac sympathetic activity (measured via preejection period) and the maintenance of cardiac parasympathetic activity (measured via respiratory sinus arrhythmia). In subsequent high-pressure sleep, parasympathetic activity was amplified and sympathetic activity was negatively associated with electroencephalographic slow-wave activity. Sleep deprivation had no impact on foot temperature, but it did alter the pattern of change in core body temperature. A downregulation of cardiac autonomic activity during both extended hours of wakefulness and subsequent sleep may respectively provide “protection” and “recovery” from the temporal extension of cardiac demand.

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