Exploration on the Gap of Single- and Double-loop Learning of Balanced Scorecard and Organizational Performance in a Health Organization

This paper aims to propose the idea of briefly explaining the balance scorecard by highlighting its use, application in depth. A critical enabler in achieving desired performance goals is the ability to measure performance. Despite the importance of accurately measuring organizational performance in most areas of academic research, there have been very few studies that have directly addressed the question of how overall organizational performance is or should be measured. Perhaps more importantly, none of these studies seems to have significantly influenced how overall organizational performance is actually measured in most of the empirical research that uses this construct as a dependent measure. The most popular of the performance measurement framework has been the balanced scorecard abbreviated as BSC. The BSC is widely acknowledged to have moved beyond the original ideology. It has now become a strategic change management and performance management process. The approach used in this paper is the combination of literature review on evolution of balance score card and its applications in various sectors/organizations/ areas. This paper identify that the balanced scorecard is a powerful but simple strategic tool and the simplicity of the scorecard is in its design. By encompassing four primary perspectives, the tool allows an organization to turn its attention to external concerns, such as the financial outcomes and its customers expectations, and internal areas, which include its internal processes to meet external requirements and its integration of learning and growth, to successfully meet its strategic expectations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the balanced scorecard combined with application and strategy, which are now in a better position to begin to recognize managements expectations and to discover new ways to build value for workplace learning and performance within organization.

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The Balanced Scorecard

International Journal of Productivity Management and Assessment Technologies ◽

10.4018/ijpmat.2017070101 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Jorge Gomes ◽

Mário Romão

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Balanced Scorecard ◽

New Developments ◽

Organizational Skills ◽

The Balanced Scorecard ◽

Customer Preferences ◽

Innovation Activities ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Physical Assets ◽

And Performance

Organizations are challenged to develop new organizational skills such as flexibility or expertise in order to quickly respond to changes in technology, competition and customer preferences. Companies cannot be competitive or successful if their business and information systems and technology (IS/IT) strategies are not strategic aligned. Nowadays, the importance of intangible assets is higher than traditional physical assets and performance measurement tools need to capture this new reality. Measuring organizational performance is a continuous challenge for both managers and researchers. Balanced scorecard (BSC) is a powerful tool that gives to managers a fast, but comprehensive view of the business including operational measures on customer satisfaction, organization's innovation, activities improvement, as well as financial measurements. In this paper the authors address the BSC and promote the discussion about the strengths and the limitations and pointing out new developments to overcome the today´s business trends.

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Reflection and Double Loop Learning

Teaching Public Administration ◽

10.1177/0144739413479950 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 124-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Synnott

Keyword(s):

Double Loop ◽

Double Loop Learning

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Single loop or double loop learning: English vocabulary learning performance and behavior of students in situated computer games with different guiding strategies

Computers & Education ◽

10.1016/j.compedu.2016.07.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 188-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Gwo-Jen Hwang ◽

Siang-Yi Wang

Keyword(s):

Computer Games ◽

Vocabulary Learning ◽

Learning Performance ◽

Double Loop ◽

Single Loop ◽

Double Loop Learning ◽

And Behavior ◽

Learning English

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Indigenizing Knowledge for Development: Epistemological and Pedagogical Approaches

Africanus Journal of Development Studies ◽

10.25159/0304-615x/2300 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 34-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Seth Oppong

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Knowledge ◽

Current Method ◽

Double Loop ◽

Economic Progress ◽

Double Loop Learning ◽

The People ◽

Conducting Research ◽

Teaching Learning ◽

Best Fit ◽

Oriented Approach

Possessing endogenous knowledge can help Africans formulate practical solutions to our problems that best fit our circumstances to improve our livelihood. Endogenous knowledge can be considered as knowledge about the people, by the people and for the people. This suggests that economic progress is most likely to occur in societies that succeed in linking their knowledge base to innovation systems. But can Africans create such indigenous knowledge? This paper outlines an approach that suggests modification in the current epistemology and pedagogy applied in teaching, learning and research. It is being proposed here that the African scholar should adopt a problem-oriented approach in conducting research as opposed to the current method-oriented approach that prevents the African from examining pertinent African problems. Pedagogy should also change from single-loop learning in which assumptions underlying western theories and concepts are not examined to double-loop learning. In addition, there is the need to revise the training of the next generation of African scholars and modes of knowledge dissemination. The African scholar must be educated on how to apply critical theory to screen imported knowledge. African universities should also rely less on publications in the so-called international journals as the criterion for staff promotion and rather rely more on publications in domestic journals, staff contribution to solving African problems and the number of postgraduates successfully supervised. The journey to creating indigenous knowledge will be long. As such, a ‘front’ should be nurtured to clear the path.

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Organizational Performance, Firm Size and Chief Executive Officer’s (CEO’S) Compensation for Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v7i6.em04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Omamo Anne ◽

Peter K’ Obonyo ◽

Florence Muindi

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Firm Size ◽

Balanced Scorecard ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Chief Executive ◽

Primary Data ◽

Financial Indicators ◽

The Balanced Scorecard ◽

Listed Firms ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the link between organizational performance, firm size and CEO’S compensation of firms listed at the NSE. Past studies on the determinants of CEO’S compensation revealed a lack of consensus to the explanation of increases in CEO’S compensation. While most of the studies confirm linkages between organizational performance and CEO’S compensation, they measured organizational performance using financial indicators of performance, the current study investigates the relationship between organizational performance and CEO’S compensation but differs from the previous studies by expanding the measures of organizational performance to include the balanced scorecard measures of financial indicators, customer satisfaction, internal processes and learning and growth elements of performance. Additionally, the study sought to find out the moderating role of firm size on the relationship between organizational performance and CEO’S compensation. The theoretical foundation of this study was based on agency theory. A conceptual model and conceptual hypothesis were drawn from literature and provided directions for this study. The study’s population constituted 60 firms listed at the NSE. Descriptive crossectional survey was adopted for this study. Primary data was collected to capture the opinion of board members on factors that determine levels of CEO’S compensation using semi structured questionnaire. Secondary data was gathered from the financial statements of the listed firms for 2015-2016 financial periods. Descriptive statistics and stepwise regression were used to analyze and interpret the collected data. The study revealed that there was significant and positive relationship between organizational performance and CEO’S compensation. The study further found that firm size had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between organizational performance and CEO’S compensation.

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The Balanced Scorecard: the illusion of maximization without constraints

Proceedings of Pragmatic Constructivism ◽

10.7146/propracon.v2i1.16672 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 10-15

Author(s):

Morten Jakobsen ◽

Rainer Lueg

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Performance Measures ◽

Balanced Scorecard ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Leading Indicators ◽

Financial Indicators ◽

Financial Success ◽

The Balanced Scorecard ◽

Overall Performance

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) claims to maximize organizational performance through the management of different perspectives (e.g., financial, customers, internal processes, learning & growth). Most of the chosen measures are usually non-financial, as they are supposedly leading indicators of financial success. The developers of the BSC Kaplan and Norton see these perspectives as related, but not as linked to each other by accounting logic. Moreover, Kaplan and Norton recommend cascading the BSC across the organization by breaking up the BSC into sub-targets for each organizational unit.Inevitably, this can lead to situations where actors in an organization focus on a subset of non-financial indicators. In their attempt to maximize these indicators, unit-egoism may lead to sub-optimal overall performance of the organization. This is because the link from non-financial indicators at lower levels of the organization to the overall financial goals have been disjoined. This problem, however, has been largely ignored in the BSC-literature. Therefore, this paper addresses the rationality and limits inherent in the usage of multiple performance measures. For this, we conduct an analytical study based on a literature review.

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Double-Loop Learning

Wiley Encyclopedia of Management ◽

10.1002/9781118785317.weom100121 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Michael Lewis

Keyword(s):

Double Loop ◽

Double Loop Learning

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Ergebnisinterpretation: Machtstabilisierendes Organisationslernen in zwei Double-Loop Learning-Prozessen

Historisches Organisationslernen als Wegbereiter zukünftiger Lernprozesse ◽

10.1007/978-3-531-93198-2_5 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 213-228

Author(s):

Marius Herzog

Keyword(s):

Double Loop ◽

Double Loop Learning

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The Influence of Knowledge Management Process Supported With Organizational Strategies on Organizational Performance via Organizational Innovation and Technology

Handbook of Research on Strategic Innovation Management for Improved Competitive Advantage - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3012-1.ch037 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 711-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yakup Akgül ◽

Mustafa Zihni Tunca

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Management ◽

Stock Market ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Balanced Scorecard ◽

Business Strategies ◽

Organizational Strategies ◽

The Balanced Scorecard ◽

Management Processes ◽

Innovation And Technology ◽

Knowledge Management Processes

In this chapter, the authors aim to investigate the impact of knowledge management and strategy configuration coherence on İstanbul stock market businesses' innovation and organizational performance through a quantitative analysis carried out on a sample of 203 İstanbul stock market businesses. This study also identified the relationship of organizational performance from the standpoint of the balanced scorecard, which includes the customer-related, internal business process and perceptual financial aspects of organizational performance in İstanbul stock market businesses context. A survey was administered and a sample of 203 middle managers was analyzed using partial least squares (PLS-Smart 2.0) for inferential analysis and SPSS version 22 for descriptive insights. The results of the study revealed that business strategies influence the knowledge management processes fully or partially. Knowledge management processes influence the innovation partially. Innovation influences the organizational performance fully. Knowledge management processes and technology influence the organizational performance partially. Knowledge management processes, technology, and business strategies influence the organizational performance partially.

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