Agroindustrial waste as ecofriendly and low-cost alternative to production of chitosan from Mucorales fungi and antagonist effect against Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacco and Scytalidium lignicola Pesante

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Lúcia Raquel Ramos Berger ◽  
Maysa Bezerra de Araújo ◽  
Diogo Paes da Costa ◽  
Marcos Antonio Barbosa de Lima ◽  
José Wilson Leite de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Scytalidium Lignicola ◽  
Antagonist Effect

scholarly journals Production of Fungal Laccase under Solid State Bioprocessing of Agroindustrial Waste and Its Application in Decolourization of Synthetic Dyes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Benjamin Vandelun Ado ◽  
Abiodun Anthony Onilude ◽  
Hyacinth Ocheigwu Apeh Oluma ◽  
Daniel Malo Mabitine
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Optimum Production

Fungal laccases are preferred due to high redox potentials and low substrate specificity to xenobiotics including synthetic dyes. For large-scale applications, low enzyme yield and high cost of production has remained the challenge. Agroindustrial waste such as saw-dust of Terminalia superba abounds locally and was utilized as low-cost alternative substrate for laccase production in Solid State Bioprocessing (SSB) using Trametes sp. isolate G31. The study optimized laccase production using various parameters. Optimal production of laccase was at pH 5.0 - 7.0 with 2356 U/mL - 2369 U/mL and 25°C (2336 U/mL). Among the sources of nitrogen and carbon tested, laccase production in ammonium sulphate and sucrose supplemented media were higher. The effect of activators on laccases production showed that Cu2+ and Ca2+induced high titres of laccase at 4 -5 mM and 2 - 4 mM respectively, while production of laccase by Mn2+ was significantly high at 40 mM. The effect of 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol and varatryl alcohol on laccase production was significantly different especially in glycerol. Optimum production for laccase was on day 14 with 2356 U/mL followed by steady declined up to day 34. The purified laccase had a specific activity of 5008 µmol/min/mg, purification factor of 3.85, and a molecular mass of ~40 kDa using N-PAGE. The potential of crude laccase to decolourize diverse dyes was tested. Phenol red achieved 40% decolourization for 1hr, while RBBR (93%), Crystal violet (60%), Methylene blue (53%) and Congo red (51%) for 24 hr, 72 hr, 48 hr and 120 hr respectively. Methyl red and Malachite green attained 42% (72 hr) and 32% (48 hr) decolourization. The enzyme ability to oxidize Phenol red and other synthetic dyes without mediators made it eco-friendly in treating dye wastewaters.

scholarly journals Síntesis de nanopartículas de cobre para el control de hongos fitopatógenos

2018 ◽  
pp. 109-116
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
X Ray

Síntesis de nanopartículas de cobre para el control de hongos fitopatógenos Nicolaza Pariona1, L. A. Hermida-Montero1, Arturo I. Mtz-Enriquez2, D. Sánchez-Rangel1,3, Gloria Carrión1, Daniel Lopez-Lima1, Greta Rosas-Saito1, Benjamin Rodriguez-Hass1 y Zelene Duran-Barradas1. 1 Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 2 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, 25900 Coahuila, México 3 Cátedra CONACYT en el Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México. Recibido 11 de noviembre del 2018, Revisado el 12 de diciembre de 2018. Aceptado el 14 de diciembre de 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2018.0017/ Resumen Los hongos fitopatógenos son uno de los mayores problemas que afecta al sector agrícola, causando pérdidas que sobrepasan miles de millones de dólares al año. Aunado a esto, la resistencia antifúngica dificulta el control de los hongos fitopatógenos y es necesario encontrar alternativas de control de bajo costo y no contaminen el ambiente. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal de este proyecto fue sintetizar nanopartículas de cobre (NPs-Cu) y evaluar su actividad antifúngica contra diferentes hongos fitopatógenos. Las NPs-Cu se sintetizaron por el método de reducción y se caracterizaron mediante la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX) y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). La evaluación de actividad antifúngica de las NPs-Cu se realizaron contra cinco especies de hongos fitopatógenos (Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Verticillium dahlie, Neofusicoccum sp. y Fusarium oxysporum). Los resultados demostraron que el efecto antifúngico de las NPs-Cu depende de la concentración utilizada y especie de hongo. Por lo tanto, las NPs-Cu obtenidas tienen potencial aplicación el control de agentes fitopatógenos. Descriptores: Nanopartículas, antifúngicos, Fusarium Abstract Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the biggest problems affecting the agricultural sector, causing losses that exceed billions of dollars per year. In addition to this, antifungal resistance hinders the control of phytopathogenic fungi and it is necessary to find control alternatives of low cost that do not contaminate the environment. Therefore, the main objective of this project was to synthesize copper nanoparticles (NPs-Cu) and evaluate their antifungal activity against different phytopathogenic fungi. NPs-Cu were synthesized by the reduction method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity evaluation of the NPs-Cu was carried out against five species of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium solani, Fusarium verticillioides, Verticillium dahlie, Neofusicoccum sp, and Fusarium oxysporum). The results showed that the antifungal effect of NPs-Cu depends on the concentration used and species of fungus. Therefore, the NPs-Cu obtained have potential application to control phytopathogenic agents. Keywords: Nanoparticles, antifungal, Fusarium.

scholarly journals Reuse of polluting agroindustrial waste for ethanol production by Kluyveromyces marxianus

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joselma Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Naiara Priscila Silva Reis Barbosa ◽  
Matheus Tavares do Nascimento França ◽  
Laureen Michelle Houllou ◽  
Carolina Barbosa Malafaia
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Kluyveromyces Marxianus ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Agroindustrial Residues ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Low Cost Substrate

The development of research for the production of biofuels using low cost substrate has become more relevant in recent years. These include reuse of residues such as crude residual glycerol from biodiesel (CRG) and cheese whey (CW) from the dairy industry. The present work evaluated the ethanol production by isolates of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus using agroindustrial residues as an alternative source of carbon. The cultures were rotated 100 rpm at 30 ° C for 24 h. The ethanol production was observed in both media, however, in the CW higher values of ethanol were observed in relation to the CRG. The results showed that K. marxianus isolates were adapted to the use of lactose present in cheese whey as a source of carbon for the production of ethanol with concentrations ranging from 11.41 to 19.9 g.L-1, but did not demonstrate efficiency in the use of crude glycerol for this purpose

scholarly journals Rice Husk Filled Polymer Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Arjmandi ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Khaliq Majeed ◽  
Zainoha Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Filled Polymer ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
The Matrix

Natural fibers from agricultural wastes are finding their importance in the polymer industry due to the many advantages such as their light weight, low cost and being environmentally friendly. Rice husk (RH) is a natural sheath that forms around rice grains during their growth. As a type of natural fiber obtained from agroindustrial waste, RH can be used as filler in composites materials in various polymer matrices. This review paper is aimed at highlighting previous works of RH filled polymer composites to provide information for applications and further research in this area. Based on the information gathered, application of RH filled composites as alternative materials in building and construction is highly plausible with both light weight and low cost being their main driving forces. However, further investigations on physical and chemical treatment to further improve the interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix are needed as fiber-polymer interaction is crucial in determining the final composite properties. Better understanding on how the used polymer blends as the matrix and secondary fillers may affect the properties would provide interesting areas to be explored.

scholarly journals Utilization of agroindustrial waste for biosurfactant production by native bacteria from chiapas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Yañez-Ocampo ◽  
Gilberto Somoza-Coutiño ◽  
Cristina Blanco-González ◽  
Arnoldo Wong-Villarreal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Producer Strains

AbstractIn this work, two agro-industrial wastes, namely Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Coffee Wastewater (CW) have been used as the carbon source for the production of biosurfactants, due to their low cost and high availability. Biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolates from the Mexican state of Chiapas were used. The selected biosurfactant-producer strains were evaluated in a liquid medium with 2% (v/v) of WCO as the carbon source. The assay was conducted in an Erlenmeyer flask containing 300 mL aliquots of mineral salt media (MSM) + residue and incubated at 100 rpm at room temperature for 96 hours. The biosurfactant produced in the samples reduced the surface tension from 50 to 30-29 mN/m. Strains A and 83 showed the maximum emulsification index at 58-59%. Strain A showed the highest biosurfactant yield with a production of 3.7 g/L in comparison with strains B, 83 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. Our results suggest that the biosurfactant produced by strain A has great potential in the treatment of wastewater with a high content of fatty acids, and of soils contaminated by pesticides or oil hydrocarbons.

Realisation and assessment of a low-cost LED device for contact lens disinfection by visible violet light

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Hoenes ◽  
Ulla Wenzel ◽  
Martin Hessling
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Hygienic Standard ◽  
Transparent Contact

AbstractThis study presents a device for efficient, low-cost and eye-friendly overnight disinfection of contact lenses by visible violet light as an alternative to disinfection with biocide-containing solutions. Bacterial solutions with one Pseudomonas and one Staphylococcus strain each were irradiated for up to 8 h in commercial transparent contact lens cases by the presented light-emitting diode (LED) device. Samples were taken at different intervals and distributed on agar plates. The surviving bacteria were determined by counting of colony-forming units and compared to the specific requirements of the stand-alone test for contact lens disinfection of the hygiene standard ISO 14729. The concentration of both microorganisms was reduced by three orders of magnitude after less than 4 h of irradiation. The LED current and intensity have not yet been at maximum and could be further increased if necessary for other microorganisms. The presented device fulfils the requirement of the stand-alone test of the contact lens hygienic standard ISO 14729 for the tested Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus strains. According to literature data, the inactivation of Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans and Fusarium solani seems also possible, but may require increased LED current and intensity.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

Chromic Acid Etching of Polyethylene

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
J. D. Muzzy ◽  
R. D. Hester ◽  
J. L. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Bulk Specimen ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Perfect Form ◽  
Molecular Length ◽  
Lamellar Texture ◽  
Cost Studies

Polyethylene is one of the most important plastics produced today because of its good physical properties, ease of fabrication and low cost. Studies to improve the properties of polyethylene are leading to an understanding of its crystalline morphology. Polyethylene crystallized by evaporation from dilute solutions consists of thin crystals called lamellae. The polyethylene molecules are parallel to the thickness of the lamellae and are folded since the thickness of the lamellae is much less than the molecular length. This lamellar texture persists in less perfect form in polyethylene crystallized from the melt.Morphological studies of melt crystallized polyethylene have been limited due to the difficulty of isolating the microstructure from the bulk specimen without destroying or deforming it.

Glass Knife Geometry as Seen by the SEM

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
J. Temple Black
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Stress Concentrations ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Surface Flaws ◽  
Slip Planes ◽  
Glass Knife ◽  
Diamond Knife

In ultramicrotomy, the two basic tool materials are glass and diamond. Glass because of its low cost and ease of manufacture of the knife itself is still widely used despite the superiority of diamond knives in many applications. Both kinds of knives produce plastic deformation in the microtomed section due to the nature of the cutting process and microscopic chips in the edge of the knife. Because glass has no well defined slip planes in its structure (it's an amorphous material), it is very strong and essentially never fails in compression. However, surface flaws produce stress concentrations which reduce the strength of glass to 10,000 to 20,000 psi from its theoretical or flaw free values of 1 to 2 million psi. While the microchips in the edge of the glass or diamond knife are generally too small to be observed in the SEM, the second common type of defect can be identified. This is the striations (also termed the check marks or feathers) which are always present over the entire edge of a glass knife regardless of whether or not they are visable under optical inspection. These steps in the cutting edge can be observed in the SEM by proper preparation of carefully broken knives and orientation of the knife, with respect to the scanning beam.

Spectraplot: A PC-based spectrum translation and display program

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 918-919
Author(s):  
H. O. Colijn
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Error Checking ◽  
Data Files ◽  
The University

Many labs today wish to transfer data between their EDS systems and their existing PCs and minicomputers. Our lab has implemented SpectraPlot, a low- cost PC-based system to allow offline examination and plotting of spectra. We adopted this system in order to make more efficient use of our microscopes and EDS consoles, to provide hardcopy output for an older EDS system, and to allow students to access their data after leaving the university.As shown in Fig. 1, we have three EDS systems (one of which is located in another building) which can store data on 8 inch RT-11 floppy disks. We transfer data from these systems to a DEC MINC computer using “SneakerNet”, which consists of putting on a pair of sneakers and running down the hall. We then use the Hermit file transfer program to download the data files with error checking from the MINC to the PC.

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