Genetic knockout and general odorant-binding/chemosensory protein interactions: Revealing the function and importance of GOBP2 in the yellow peach moth's olfactory system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dapeng Jing ◽  
Sivaprasath Prabu ◽  
Tiantao Zhang ◽  
Shuxiong Bai ◽  
Kanglai He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Chemosensory Protein ◽  
Genetic Knockout ◽  
Odorant Binding

scholarly journals The role of SNMPs in insect olfaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Cassau ◽  
Jürgen Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Insect Olfaction ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Encoding Genes

AbstractThe sense of smell enables insects to recognize olfactory signals crucial for survival and reproduction. In insects, odorant detection highly depends on the interplay of distinct proteins expressed by specialized olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and associated support cells which are housed together in chemosensory units, named sensilla, mainly located on the antenna. Besides odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and olfactory receptors, so-called sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) are indicated to play a critical role in the detection of certain odorants. SNMPs are insect-specific membrane proteins initially identified in pheromone-sensitive OSNs of Lepidoptera and are indispensable for a proper detection of pheromones. In the last decades, genome and transcriptome analyses have revealed a wide distribution of SNMP-encoding genes in holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects, with a given species expressing multiple subtypes in distinct cells of the olfactory system. Besides SNMPs having a neuronal expression in subpopulations of OSNs, certain SNMP types were found expressed in OSN-associated support cells suggesting different decisive roles of SNMPs in the peripheral olfactory system. In this review, we will report the state of knowledge of neuronal and non-neuronal members of the SNMP family and discuss their possible functions in insect olfaction.

scholarly journals Identification of the Differences in Olfactory System Between Male and Female Oriental Tobacco Budworm Helicoverpa assulta 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haichao Li ◽  
Weizheng Li ◽  
Changjian Miao ◽  
Gaoping Wang ◽  
Man Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Helicoverpa Assulta ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mate Search ◽  
Pheromone Identification ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
Whole Transcriptome

Abstract Background: The olfactory system of insects facilitates their search for host and mates, hence it plays an essential role for insect survival and reproduction. Insects recognize odor substances through olfactory neurons and olfactory genes. Previous studies showed that there are significant sex-specific differences in how insects identify odorant substances, especially sex pheromones. However, whether the sex-specific recognition of odorant substances is caused by differences in the expression of olfaction-related genes between males and females remains unclear. Results: In order to clarify this problem, the whole transcriptome sequence of the adult Helicoverpa assulta, an important agricultural pest of tobacco and other Solanaceae plants, was obtained using PacBio sequencing. RNA-seq analysis showed that there were 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 24 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 4 pheromone-binding proteins (PBPs), 68 odorant receptors (OR) and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) genes that were expressed in the antennae of male and female H. assulta. Females had significantly higher expression of GOBP1-like, OBP, OBP3, PBP3 and SNMP1 than males, while males had significantly higher expression of GOBP1, OBP7, OBP13, PBP2 and SNMP2. Conclusions: Our findings improve our understanding of olfactory genes in H. assulta, and can be used to further study pheromone identification, mate search, and sex differences in an insect’s ability to search for hosts. These results improve our understanding of mate search and host differentiation in H. assulta.

scholarly journals Sex- and tissue-specific transcriptome analyses and expression profiling of olfactory-related genes in Ceracris nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Huihui Chang ◽  
Lina Zhao ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Odorant Receptors ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Odorant Binding ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The sophisticated insect olfactory system plays an important role in recognizing external odors and enabling insects to adapt to environment. Foraging, host seeking, mating, ovipositing and other forms of chemical communication are based on olfaction, which requires the participation of multiple olfactory genes. The exclusive evolutionary trend of the olfactory system in Orthoptera insects is an excellent model for studying olfactory evolution, but limited olfaction research is available for these species. The olfactory-related genes of Ceracris nigricornis Walker (Orthoptera: Acrididae), a severe pest of bamboos, have not yet been reported. Results We sequenced and analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues of C. nigricornis and obtained 223.76 Gb clean data that were assembled into 43,603 unigenes with an N50 length of 2235 bp. Among the transcripts, 66.79% of unigenes were annotated. Based on annotation and tBLASTn results, 112 candidate olfactory-related genes were identified for the first time, including 20 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 10 chemosensory-binding proteins (CSPs), 71 odorant receptors (ORs), eight ionotropic receptors (IRs) and three sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The fragments per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) values showed that most olfactory-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the antennae, and these results were confirmed by detecting the expression of olfactory-related genes with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these antennae-enriched genes, some were sex-biased, indicating their different roles in the olfactory system of C. nigricornis. Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive list and expression profiles of olfactory-related genes in C. nigricornis and a foundation for functional studies of these olfactory-related genes at the molecular level.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Odorant-Binding Proteins Promote Aedes aegypti Reproduction and Flavivirus Transmission

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhang Dong ◽  
Zi Ye ◽  
Chinmay Vijay Tikhe ◽  
Zhijian Jake Tu ◽  
Laurence J. Zwiebel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Odorant Binding

Aedes aegypti is the major vector for many arthropod-borne viral diseases, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Previous studies suggested that odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) may have diverse physiological functions beyond the olfactory system in mosquitoes; however, these hypothesized functions have not yet been demonstrated.

scholarly journals The diverse small proteins called odorant-binding proteins

Open Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Sun ◽  
Shuke Xiao ◽  
John R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory System ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Odorant Binding Proteins ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Odorant Binding

The term ‘odorant-binding proteins (Obps)’ is used to refer to a large family of insect proteins that are exceptional in their number, abundance and diversity. The name derives from the expression of many family members in the olfactory system of insects and their ability to bind odorants in vitro. However, an increasing body of evidence reveals a much broader role for this family of proteins. Recent results also provoke interesting questions about their mechanisms of action, both within and outside the olfactory system. Here we describe the identification of the first Obps and some cardinal properties of these proteins. We then consider their function, discussing both the prevailing orthodoxy and the increasing grounds for heterodox views. We then examine these proteins from a broader perspective and consider some intriguing questions in need of answers.

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