Association of exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in adult NHANES participants (2001–2008)

2016 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Dabass ◽  
Evelyn O. Talbott ◽  
Arvind Venkat ◽  
Judith Rager ◽  
Gary M. Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Racial Differences in Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebhat Erqou ◽  
Jane E. Clougherty ◽  
Oladipupo Olafiranye ◽  
Jared W. Magnani ◽  
Aryan Aiyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Exposure to Particulate Matter Is Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension in Urban India

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorairaj Prabhakaran ◽  
Siddhartha Mandal ◽  
Bhargav Krishna ◽  
Melina Magsumbol ◽  
Kalpana Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Incident Hypertension

Ambient air pollution, specifically particulate matter of diameter <2.5 μm, is reportedly associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, evidence linking particulate matter of diameter <2.5 μm and blood pressure (BP) is largely from cross-sectional studies and from settings with lower concentrations of particulate matter of diameter <2.5 μm, with exposures not accounting for myriad time-varying and other factors such as built environment. This study aimed to study the association between long- and short-term ambient particulate matter of diameter <2.5 μm exposure from a hybrid spatiotemporal model at 1-km×1-km spatial resolution with longitudinally measured systolic and diastolic BP and incident hypertension in 5342 participants from urban Delhi, India, within an ongoing representative urban adult cohort study. Median annual and monthly exposure at baseline was 92.1 μg/m 3 (interquartile range, 87.6–95.7) and 82.4 μg/m 3 (interquartile range, 68.4–107.0), respectively. We observed higher average systolic BP (1.77 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.97–2.56] and 3.33 mm Hg [95% CI, 1.12–5.52]) per interquartile range differences in monthly and annual exposures, respectively, after adjusting for covariates. Additionally, interquartile range differences in long-term exposures of 1, 1.5, and 2 years increased the risk of incident hypertension by 1.53× (95% CI, 1.19–1.96), 1.59× (95% CI, 1.31–1.92), and 1.16× (95% CI, 0.95–1.43), respectively. Observed effects were larger in individuals with higher waist-hip ratios. Our data strongly support a temporal association between high levels of ambient air pollution, higher systolic BP, and incident hypertension. Given that high BP is an important risk factor of cardiovascular disease, reducing ambient air pollution is likely to have meaningful clinical and public health benefits.

Abstract P101: Methylome-wide Association Study Provides Evidence of Particulate Matter Air Pollution-associated Dna Methylation at Cardiovascular Disease-related Genes

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Gondalia ◽  
Antoine R Baldassari ◽  
Katelyn M Holliday ◽  
Raúl Méndez-Giráldez ◽  
Anne E Justice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cpg Sites

Background: DNA methylation (DNAm), a heritable but dynamic epigenetic modification that can influence gene expression without altering the genome, may underlie the associations between air pollution and cardiovascular disease risk. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate associations between DNAm and ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 and ≤ 10 micrometers in diameter (PM 2.5; PM 10 ). Methods: We conducted a methylome-wide association study among twelve cohort- and race/ethnicity- stratified subpopulations from the Women’s Health Initiative and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (discovery n = 6,720; replication n = 1,936; mean age: 61.3 yrs; 83% female; 46% African American; 9% Hispanic/Latino American). We averaged geocoded address-specific estimates of daily and monthly mean PM concentrations over 2, 7, 28, and 365 days and 1 and 12 months before exams at which we measured leukocyte DNAm in whole blood. In each subpopulation, we estimated PM-DNAm associations at approximately 485,000 Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) sites in multi-level, linear mixed-effects models adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and meteorological characteristics; estimated leukocyte proportions; and technical covariates. We combined subpopulation-specific PM-DNAm associations in fixed-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analyses of the discovery, replication, and overall populations. Then we conducted in silico characterization of CpG sites at which PM-DNAm associations exceeded methylome-wide significance and were not heterogeneous ( P < 1.0 x 10 -7 ; P Cochran’s Q > 0.10) to assess their putative function and biological plausibility. Results: Discovery analyses identified significant PM 2.5 - and PM 10 -DNAm associations at four CpG sites, but none survived Bonferroni correction. Overall analyses identified significant associations at two CpG sites. On chromosome 20 near MATN4 , 28-day mean PM 10 was associated with increased DNAm at cg19004594 ( P all = 2.8 x 10 -8 ; P Cochran’s Q = 0.61). MATN4 is expressed in heart and lung tissues. It encodes Matrilin 4, a von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein linked to cardiac remodeling. On chromosome 10 near ARPP21 , 1-month mean PM 10 was inversely associated with DNAm at cg24102420 ( P all = 4.8 x 10 -8 ; P Cochran’s Q = 0.51). ARPP21 is expressed in the brain/spinal cord and neutrophils. It encodes cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 21, a regulator of calmodulin/calcium signaling. Conclusions: Findings from this methylome-wide association study suggest that ambient PM 10 concentrations affect DNA methylation at regions of the genome potentially related to cardiovascular disease among racially, ethnically and environmentally diverse populations of U.S. men and women. Further investigation is warranted to uncover epigenetic mechanisms of PM-associated cardiovascular traits.

scholarly journals Long-term exposure to air pollution raises circulating levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in obese individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Macchi ◽  
Nicola Ferri ◽  
Chiara Favero ◽  
Laura Cantone ◽  
Luisella Vigna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Proprotein Convertase ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Circulating Levels

Aims Exposure to airborne particulate matter has been consistently associated with early death and increased morbidity, particularly raising the risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity, one of the leading cardiovascular disease risk factors, increases susceptibility to the adverse effects of particulate matter exposure. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 has been related to a large number of cardiovascular risk factors, e.g. atherogenic lipoproteins, arterial stiffness and platelet activation. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating, in a series of obese individuals, the effects of particulate matter less than 10 µm in diameter (PM10) on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 circulating levels. Methods and results In 500 obese subjects, participating in the cross-sectional Susceptibility to Particle Health Effects, miRNAs and Exosomes (SPHERE) study, we evaluated the effects of long- and short-term PM10 exposure on circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels. In the studied individuals (body mass index: 33.3 ± 5.2 kg/m2) with an annual average PM10 exposure of 40.12 ± 4.71 µg/m3, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels were 248.7 ± 78.6 ng/mL. In univariate analysis, PM10 exposure (annual average) was associated with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels (β=1.83, standard error = 0.75, p = 0.014). Interestingly, in a multivariable linear regression model, this association was observed only for carriers of lower concentrations of interferon-γ, whereas it was lost in the presence of higher interferon-γ levels. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels were positively associated with the Framingham Risk Score, which was raised by 15.8% for each 100 ng/ml rise of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Conclusions In obese individuals, more sensitive to the damaging effects of environmental air pollution, PM10 exposure positively associates with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 plasma levels especially in those with low levels of interferon-γ. 

scholarly journals Association between Post-Diagnosis Particulate Matter Exposure among 5-Year Cancer Survivors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Three Metropolitan Areas from South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841
Author(s):  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Kyae Hyung Kim ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Jooyoung Chang ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure

Cancer survivors are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between particulate matter (PM) and CVD risk among cancer survivors (alive >5 years since diagnosis) is unclear. We investigated the risk of CVD among 40,899 cancer survivors within the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Exposure to PM was determined by assessing yearly average PM levels obtained from the Air Korea database from 2008 to 2011. PMs with sizes <2.5 (PM2.5), <10 (PM10), or 2.5–10 (PM2.5–10) μm in diameter were compared, with each PM level exposure further divided into quintiles. Patients were followed up from January 2012 to date of CVD event, death, or December 2017, whichever came earliest. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression by PM exposure levels. Compared with cancer survivors in the lowest quintile of PM2.5 exposure, those within the highest quintile had a greater risk for CVD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.59). Conversely, increasing PM10 and PM2.5–10 levels were not associated with increased CVD risk (p for trend 0.078 and 0.361, respectively). Cancer survivors who reduce PM2.5 exposure may benefit from lower risk of developing CVD.

Abstract MP55: Associations Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Were Stronger in More Walkable Neighborhoods: The Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Howell ◽  
Jack V Tu ◽  
Rahim Moineddin ◽  
Anna Chu ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Introduction: Studies suggest living in a more walkable neighborhood may protect against cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) by encouraging physical activity. Walkable neighborhoods, however, often carry higher levels of traffic-related air pollution. Little is known regarding whether synergistic effects may exist between walkability and air pollution on these risk factors. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the association between traffic-related air pollution, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus would be stronger in more walkable areas. Methods: We drew a cross-sectional sample of individuals ages 40-74 on January 1, 2008 from the CANHEART cohort. HTN and DM were ascertained using validated algorithms. Walkability (quintiles, Q5 highest, Q1 lowest) was measured using a validated index which has previously been shown to be inversely associated with obesity and diabetes. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide, a valid marker for traffic-related air pollution, was assessed using a land use regression models. The associations were tested using logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors, adjusting for age, sex, area-level income, ethnicity, and comorbidities. Results: In total, 2,618,584 individuals were included in the analysis (mean (SD) age = 53.2 (9.2), 52% female). Walkability was inversely associated with odds for HTN (Q5 vs. Q1 OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.82) and DM (Q5 vs. Q1 OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.91), while NO 2 was positively associated with each (HTN: OR = 1.02 per 10 ppb (1.01, 1.03); DM: OR = 1.11 per 10 ppb (1.09, 1.13)). We observed significant interactions between walkability and NO 2 on odds for HTN and DM, with stronger NO 2 associations in the most walkable neighborhoods (Fig. 1). Conclusions: We observed significant interactions between traffic-related air pollution and walkability on odds for HTN and DM. This finding suggests that benefits from living in more walkable neighborhoods may be offset by stronger negative associations with air pollution.

scholarly journals “Particulate Air Pollution and Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors”

Epidemiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P Shanley ◽  
Richard B Hayes ◽  
Kevin R Cromar ◽  
Kazuhiko Ito ◽  
Terry Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution

scholarly journals Association between Post-Diagnosis Particulate Matter Exposure Among 5-Year Cancer Survivors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Three Metropolitan Areas from South Korea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyae Hyung Kim ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Jooyoung Chang ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure

Abstract: Cancer survivors are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between particulate matter (PM) and CVD risk among cancer survivors (alive &gt;5 years since diagnosis) is unclear. We investigated the risk of CVD among 40,899 cancer survivors within the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Exposure to PM was determined by assessing yearly average PM levels obtained from the Air Korea database from 2008 to 2011. PMs with sizes &lt;2.5 (PM2.5), &lt;10 (PM10), or 2.5-10 (PM2.5-10) μm in diameter were compared, with each PM level exposure further divided into quintiles. Patients were followed up from January 2012 to date of CVD event, death, or December 2017, whichever came earliest. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression by PM exposure levels. Compared with cancer survivors in the lowest quintile of PM2.5 exposure, those within the highest quintile had a greater risk for CVD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.59). Conversely, increasing PM10 and PM2.5-10 levels were not associated with increased CVD risk (p for trend 0.078 and 0.361, respectively). Cancer survivors who reduce PM2.5 exposure may reduce their risk of developing CVD.

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