Prevalence and Factors Associated with Rotavirus Infection Among Children Admitted with Acute Diarrhoea in Mulago Hospital

: Diarrhoeal diseases account for an estimated 1.5 million deaths globally every year making it the second leading cause of childhood mortality. In India 1 out of every 250 children die of rotavirus diarrhea each year.: To find out the incidence of rotavirus infection in acute diarrhoeal cases in children under 5 years of age.: A prospective study was conducted on 100 non repetetive stool samples of Children under 5 years of age, presenting with acute diarrhea and hospitalized in the pediatric ward, during December 2015 to November 2016. Stool samples were processed according to premier rotaclone enzyme immunoassay protocol for the detection of rotavirus antigen, adhering to standard laboratory precautions.: The incidence of acute diarrhoeal diseases was 5.86% in our setting. was detected in 29% cases by ELISA method.The antigen detection by EIA is a reliable test, as it is quantitative and also has high sensitivity and specificity. Hence, can be routinely employed to prevent major morbidity and mortality among children, especially less than 5 years of age.

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Factors associated with undernutrition among children with sickle cell disease attending the sickle cell clinic in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda

10.21203/rs.2.12659/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rosta Asiimwe ◽

Rornald Muhumuza Kananura ◽

Richard Kajjura ◽

Adoke Yeka

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Older Age ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Mulago Hospital ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Mulago National Referral Hospital ◽

National Referral Hospital

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is among the neglected non-communicable diseases, which significantly contributes to early childhood mortality. In Uganda, over 20,000 children are estimated to be sicklers. Undernutrition is common among children with SCD and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. There is paucity of data on prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors in Uganda. Objective To assess the extent of undernutrition and related factors among children aged 5-12 years with SCD attending the sickle cell clinic at Mulago hospital, Uganda. Methods A total of 263 children with SCD attending the sickle cell clinic at Mulago National Referral hospital were recruited consecutively between May and June 2017. The nutritional status of the children was assessed by weight-for-age, BMI-for-age, and height-for-age z-scores calculated using STATA in accordance with WHO 2007 growth standards. Binomial regression was conducted to assess the predictors of undernutrition. Results About 20.2%, 11.4%, and 13.7% of the children were underweight, wasted and stunted respectively. Wasting was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=4.20, CI=2.18-8.10) and living in a female headed household (AOR=0.43, CI=0.19-0.99). Stunting was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=2.90, CI=1.39-6.06). Underweight was significantly associated with older age (10-12 years) (AOR=2.23, CI=1.05-5.16). Conclusion Underweight, wasting and stunting were prevalent among children with SCD attending Mulago hospital. The factors associated with undernutrition were older age and living in a female headed household.

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Dyslipidaemias in women using hormonal contraceptives: a cross sectional study in Mulago Hospital Family Planning Clinic, Kampala, Uganda

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. e022338

Author(s):

Ritah Bakesiima ◽

Pauline Byakika-Kibwika ◽

James K Tumwine ◽

Joan N Kalyango ◽

Gloria Nabaasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Mulago Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Family Planning Clinic ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidaemias in women using hormonal contraceptives.DesignCross-sectional studySettingMulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaParticipantsThree hundred and eighty-four consenting women, aged 18–49 years, who had used hormonal contraceptives for at least 3 months prior to the study.Study outcomeDyslipidaemias (defined as derangements in lipid profile levels which included total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL, triglyceride >150 mg/dL or low-density lipoprotein ≥160 mg/dL) for which the prevalence and associated factors were obtained.ResultsThe prevalence of dyslipidaemias was 63.3% (95% CI: 58.4 to 68.1). Body mass index (BMI) (PR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.54, p<0.001) and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) (PR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.42, p=0.020) were the factors significantly associated with dyslipidaemias.ConclusionDyslipidaemias were present in more than half the participants, and this puts them at risk for cardiovascular diseases. The high-risk groups were women with a BMI greater than 25 Kg/m2and those who were on ART. Therefore, lipid profiles should be assessed in women using hormonal contraceptives in order to manage them better.

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Glucose Polymer in the Fluid Therapy of Acute Diarrhoea: Studies in a Model of Rotavirus Infection in Neonatal Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0860469 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 469-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. V. Thillainayagam ◽

J. A. Dias ◽

A. F. M. Salim ◽

F. H. Mourad ◽

M. L. Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Polymer Solutions ◽

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Optimal Size ◽

Neonatal Rats ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Oral Rehydration ◽

Rehydration Solutions ◽

All Solutions ◽

Glucose Polymer

1. Unlike standard glucose-electrolyte oral rehydration solutions, solutions containing polymeric glucose as substrate can significantly reduce stool output, duration of diarrhoea and total oral rehydration solution requirements. However, neither the underlying mechanisms nor the optimal size and concentration of glucose polymer has been defined. 2. We have used a model of rotavirus diarrhoea in neonatal rats to compare the effects on water and solute absorption of varying the concentration of a glucose polymer (mean chain length five glucose residues) in experimental oral rehydration solutions. Three polymer (P) solutions were compared with solutions of identical electrolyte content (mmol/l: sodium, 60; potassium, 20; chloride, 60; citrate, 10) containing equivalent amounts of free glucose (G) as substrate by perfusion of the entire small intestine in situ. The polymer (9, 18, 36 mmol/l; 159, 168, 186 mosmol/kg, respectively) and the monomer (45, 90, 180 mmol/l; 195, 240 320 mosmol/kg) solutions were perfused in normal and rotavirus-infected neonatal rats. 3. In normal intestine polymer solutions promoted greater water absorption [P9, mean 291.4 (SEM 16.4); P18, 331.9(13.1); P36, 284.3 (11.8) μl mi−1 g−1] than their equivalent monomer solutions [G45, 220.8 (8.4); G90, 240 (21); G180,79.4 (145) μl min− g−1; P < 0.02]. In rotavirus-infected intestine, water absorption from all solutions declined, but the fall was much less pronounced from the polymer solutions [P9, 232.8 (6); P18, 277.2 (20.5); P36, 166 (18.2) μl min−1 g−1] than from their monomeric counterparts [G45, 116.7 (25.5); G90, 68.7 (12.4); G180, 21 (11.6) μl min−1 g−1; P < 0.005]. 4. In both the normal net absorptive state and the net secretory state induced by rotavirus infection, there was a striking inverse correlation between net water absorption and perfusate osmolality (r = −0.94 and r = −0.88, respectively; P < 0.05). In rotavirus-infected intestine, increasing the polymer concentration from 18 to 36 mmol/l resulted in a relative fall in water absorption (P < 0.01). The hypertonic solution G180 was associated with the lowest water absorption (P < 0.01). None of the solutions was able to reverse rotavirus-induced net secretion of sodium, which was similar from all solutions, whether polymer- or monomer-based. 5. These results (i) emphasize the pre-eminence of hypotonicity among the factors promoting water absorption from polymer-based oral rehydration solutions in acute diarrhoea, (ii) confirm the adverse consequence of raising substrate concentration (whether polymer or monomer) beyond certain limits and (iii) indicate that the concentration of this glucose polymer yielding the optimum compromise between substrate availability and low osmolality may be approximately 9–18 mmol/l.

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Rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes identified among hospitalised children in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652005000500009 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 287-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cláudia Regina N. E. Luz ◽

Joana D'Arc P. Mascarenhas ◽

Yvone B. Gabbay ◽

Ana Regina B. Motta ◽

Telma Vitorina Ribeiro Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

First Semester ◽

Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽

Positive Stool ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Rotavirus Infections

During June 1997-June 1999 rotavirus infection was screened in infants aged up to 2 years and hospitalised with acute diarrhoea in São Luís, Northeastern Brazil. Altogether, 128 stool samples were collected from diarrhoeic patients and additional 122 faecal specimens from age- and- temporal matched inpatients without diarrhoea were obtained; rotavirus positivity rates for these groups were 32.0% (41/128) and 9.8% (12/122), respectively (p < 0.001). Both electropherotyping and serotyping could be performed in 42 (79.2%) of the 53 rotavirus-positive stool samples. Long and short electropherotypes were detected at similar rates - 38.1% and 40.5% of specimens, respectively. Overall, a G serotype could be assigned for 35 (83.3%) of specimens, the majority of them (66.7%) bearing G1-serotype specificity. Taking both electropherotypes and serotypes together, G1 rotavirus strains displaying long and short RNA patterns accounted for 30.9% and 19.0% of tested specimens, respectively; all G2 strains had short electropherotype. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was detected year-round and, in 1998, the incidence rates tended to be higher during the second semester than in the first semester: 45.2% and 26.1% (p = 0.13), respectively. Rotavirus infections peaked at the second semester of life with frequencies of 30.1% and 13.5% for diarrhoeic children and controls, respectively. While the six rotavirus strains bearing G2-type specificity were circulating throughout the whole study period, G1 serotypes (n = 27) emerged as from June 1998 onwards, 20 (74.1%) of which clustering in 1998. These data underscore the importance of rotaviruses in the aetiology of severe infantile gastroenteritis in Northeastern Brazil and sustain the concept that a future vaccine should confer protection against more than one serotype.

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