Fibronectin increases the adherence of Taenia solium oncosphere in CHO –K1 cells in vitro

Giardia lamblia es el protozoario parásito causante de la giardiasis, la cual se caracteriza por molestia abdominal, pérdida de peso y desnutrición. La droga de elección para su tratamiento es el metronidazol sin embargo, presenta diversos efectos secundarios adversos en el paciente. Por otra parte, en la herbolaria se conoce a la semilla de Cucurbita pepo por sus propiedades desparasitante, principalmente sobre Entamoeba histolytica y Taenia solium. Por lo anterior se planteó la hipótesis de que las semillas de C. pepo contienen principios activos capaces de inhibir el crecimiento de G. lamblia bajo condiciones axénicas in vitro. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la actividad biológica del extracto acuoso y metanólico de las semillas de C. pepo sobre el crecimiento de G. lamblia. Tanto el extracto metanólico como el acuoso se identificaron siete grupos funcionales y la actividad antioxidante no fue significativa. En el extracto metanólico se observó mayor efecto giardicida seguido del acuoso, esta diferencia puede deberse a las saponinas que se encuentran sólo en el extracto metanólico. Los resultados sugieren que las semillas contienen principios activos que pueden emplearse para la investigación de nuevos tratamientos para la giardiasis.

Download Full-text

IN VITRO ONCOSPHERE-KILLING ASSAYS TO DETERMINE IMMUNITY TO THE LARVAE OF TAENIA PISIFORMIS, TAENIA OVIS, TAENIA SAGINATA, AND TAENIA SOLIUM

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.1645/ge-619r.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 273-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Craig T. Kyngdon ◽

Charles G. Gauci ◽

Rick A. Rolfe ◽

Jeanette C. Velásquez Guzmán ◽

Marilú J. Farfán Salazar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taenia Solium ◽

Taenia Saginata ◽

Taenia Ovis

Download Full-text

In-silico structural, functional and immunogenic characterization of Taenia solium TS14 protein

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3313 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Chitra Joshi ◽

Siddharth Gautam

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

In Silico ◽

Mutational Analysis ◽

Solvent Accessibility ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Secretory Protein ◽

Single Amino Acid

TS14, a Cysticercosis cellulosae derived protein, has been exploited for immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis in humans and pigs. However, the information on structure, function, stability and immunogenicity of TS14 derived from different isolates is primarily lacking. The present study deals with in-silico characterization of six TS14 isolates. High thermostability and an isoelectric point of 9.41 were recorded. Based on N-terminal amino acid residues, high resistance to intracellular proteases with extended in-vivo and in-vitro half-lives was predicted. TS14 is foreseen as a secretory protein with a signal peptide and an extracellular localization. Structural analysis of TS14 exhibited the dominance of helices in the secondary structure (92% coverage) with majority of residues showing high and medium solvent accessibility. High lysine content and presence of multiple nucleotide binding sites in TS14 suggests interaction with RNA/DNA and a role in their metabolism. Immunogenic profiling predicted presence of four distinct B-cell epitopes. Mutational analysis based on the single amino acid substitutions among six TS14 isolates demonstrated minor variations in structural stability; however, all the substitutions were well tolerated. Moreover, all the isolates revealed almost identical immunogenic profile with an equivocal potential to elicit the antibody-mediated immune response.

Download Full-text

In vitro Growth of Racemose Cysticercus of Taenia solium from Human Brain

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3280294 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 450 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David A. Bruckner

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

In Vitro Growth

Download Full-text

A New Parasiticidal Compound inT. soliumCysticercosis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/505240 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Romel Hernández-Bello ◽

Galileo Escobedo ◽

Julio Cesar Carrero ◽

Claudia Cervantes-Rebolledo ◽

Charles Dowding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taenia Solium ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Splenocyte Proliferation

The effect of 16α-bromoepiandrosterone (EpiBr), a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) analogue, was tested on the cysticerci ofTaenia solium, bothin vitroandin vivo.In vitrotreatment ofT. soliumcultures with EpiBr reduced scolex evagination, growth, motility, and viability in dose- and time-dependent fashions. Administration of EpiBr prior to infection withT. soliumcysticerci in hamsters reduced the number and size of developed taenias in the intestine, compared with controls. These effects were associated to an increase in splenocyte proliferation in infected hamsters. These results leave open the possibility of assessing the potential of this hormonal analogue as a possible antiparasite drug, particularly in cysticercosis and taeniosis.

Download Full-text

Heat shock and stress response of Taenia solium and T. crassiceps (Cestoda)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182001007764 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 122 (5) ◽

pp. 583-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

L. VARGAS-PARADA ◽

C. F. SOLÍS ◽

J. P. LACLETTE

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Proteins ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Stress Proteins ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Western Blots ◽

Prolonged Incubation ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Shock Proteins

Heat shock and stress responses are documented for the first time in larval stages of the cestodes Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps. Radioactive metabolic labelling after in vitro incubation of cysts at 43 °C, revealed the induction of heat shock proteins. In T. crassiceps, the major heat shock proteins were 80, 70 and 60 kDa. After prolonged incubation, a set of low molecular weight heat shock proteins (27, 31, 33 and 38 kDa), were also induced. In vitro incubation of cysts at 4 °C, induced the synthesis of stress proteins ranging from 31 to 80 kDa, indicating the parasite is also able to respond to cold shock. T. solium cysts exposure to temperature stress also resulted in an increased synthesis of 2 major heat shock proteins of 80 and 70 kDa. Western blots using the excretory–secretory products of T. solium showed that 2 heat shock proteins were recognized by antibodies in the sera of cysticercotic patients: one of 66 kDa and another migrating close to the run front. The T. solium 66 kDa protein was also recognized by specific antibodies directed to a 60 kDa bacterial heat shock protein, suggesting that it belongs to this family of proteins.

Download Full-text

The effect of glucocorticoids on sex steroid synthesis in cultured Taenia crassiceps Wake Forest University (WFU) cysticerci

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x11000708 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 465-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Hinojosa ◽

R.A. Valdez ◽

V. Salvador ◽

A.G. Rodríguez ◽

K. Willms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taenia Solium ◽

Endocrine Function ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Steroid Synthesis ◽

Infected Female ◽

Taenia Crassiceps ◽

The Media ◽

First Time ◽

Different Doses

AbstractWe have shown previously that cultured Taenia crassiceps Wake Forest University (WFU) and Taenia solium cysticerci, as well as the adult worms, synthesize sex steroid hormones from [3H]steroid precursors and that androgens and oestrogens influence the in vitro development of the parasites. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to control the inflammation caused by T. solium cysticerci in the brain. These steroids stimulate oestrogen synthesis in several tissues. Since there is no information on the effect of GC on the endocrine function of cysticerci, we investigated the effect of natural and synthetic GCs on the synthesis of oestrogens in cultured T. crassiceps WFU cysticerci. The cysticerci were obtained from the peritoneal cavity of infected female BALB/c mice; the cysts were washed extensively and pre-cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) plus antibiotics for 5 days. The parasites were further cultured with different doses of corticosterone, dexamethasone or the vehicle for 5 days. [3H]Dehydroepiandrosterone (3H-DHEA) was added to the media and the cysticerci were further incubated for 6 or 24 h. Media were then removed and the steroids ether-extracted. Aliquots of the media were seeded on silica gel plates and developed in solvent systems. Parasites incubated in the presence of 3H-DHEA synthesized [3H]androstenediol, [3H]testosterone and [3H]17β-oestradiol ([3H]17β-E2). The addition of 100 nm or higher corticosterone doses to the media increased [3H]17β-E2 synthesis fourfold after 24 h. Dexamethasone also increased [3H]17β-E2 synthesis. The experiments presented here show for the first time that corticosterone and the synthetic GC dexamethasone modulate the synthesis of oestrogens by cysticerci.

Download Full-text

Cestode larvae excite host neuronal circuits via glutamatergic signaling

10.1101/859009 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hayley Tomes ◽

Anja de Lange ◽

Ulrich Fabien Prodjinotho ◽

Siddhartha Mahanty ◽

Katherine Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Brain Slices ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Excitatory Effect ◽

Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽

Acquired Epilepsy ◽

The Brain

AbstractNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is caused by the presence of Taenia solium larvae in the brain and is the leading cause of adult-acquired epilepsy worldwide. However, little is known about how seizures emerge in NCC. To address this knowledge gap we used whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and calcium imaging in rodent hippocampal organotypic slice cultures to identify direct effects of cestode larval products on neuronal activity. We found both whole cyst homogenate and excretory/secretory (E/S) products of Taenia larvae have an acute excitatory effect on neurons, which trigger seizure-like events in vitro. Underlying this effect was Taenia-induced neuronal depolarization, which was mediated by glutamate receptor activation but not by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, acid-sensing ion channels nor Substance P. Glutamate assays revealed the homogenate of both Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium larvae contained high concentrations of glutamate and that larvae of both species consistently produce and release this excitatory neurotransmitter into their immediate environment. These findings contribute towards the understanding of seizure generation in NCC.Author summaryBrain infection by larvae of the tapeworm Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis or NCC) is the leading cause of acquired epilepsy in adulthood. Little is understood about the mechanisms by which larvae cause seizures. To address this, we used electrophysiological and imaging techniques in rodent brain slices to investigate how tapeworm larvae directly impact neuronal function. We discovered that both the homogenate and secretory products of tapeworm larvae excite neurons and can trigger seizure-like events in brain slices. This effect was caused by the activation of glutamate receptors and not by activating other types of receptors in the brain. Finally, we observed that tapeworm larvae both contain and release the neurotransmitter glutamate into their immediate environment. These findings are relevant for understanding how tapeworm larvae cause seizures in NCC.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Analyses Reveal the Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Forchlorfenuron (FCF) on a Septin-Like Protein of Taeniid Cysticerci

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2019/8578936 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Diana G. Rios-Valencia ◽

Edgar O. López-Villegas ◽

Dylan Diaz Chiguer ◽

Adrian Marquez Navarro ◽

Ruben D. Díaz-Martín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyclonal Antibody ◽

Synthetic Peptide ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Ultrastructural Observation ◽

Major Band ◽

Immunogenic Peptide ◽

Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody ◽

Specific Rabbit

Cytokinin forchlorfenuron (FCF), a synthetic cytokinin, has been used specifically for the characterization of septins. In spite of genomic evidence of their existence, nothing is known about septin filaments in taeniid cestodes. The aim of this work was to determine the presence of a septin-like protein in cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium using the deduced amino acid sequence of T. solium septin 4 (SEPT4_Tsm), to design and synthesize a derived immunogenic peptide (residues 88 to 103), to prepare a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody, and to examine the effects of FCF at different concentrations and exposure times on an in vitro culture of T. crassiceps cysticerci. In vitro, FCF altered the morphology and motility of T. crassiceps cysticerci, and its effects were reversible under specific concentrations. In addition, we observed by ultrastructural observation that FCF alters the cellular subunit of the protonephridial system of cestodes, where disruption of the axoneme pattern of flame cells was observed. The rabbit polyclonal antibody prepared against the synthetic peptide recognized a major band of 41 kDa in both parasites. Our results establish the importance of SEPT4_Tsm in the dynamics and survival of taeniid cysticerci, as well as their susceptibility to FCF. This is also the first report that a septin is present in the cytoskeleton of taeniids.

Download Full-text

Taenia solium glutathione transferase fraction activates macrophages and favors the development of Th1-type response

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20181132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vera Teresa Vega-Angeles ◽

Luis I. Terrazas ◽

Yadira Ledesma-Soto ◽

Lucía Jiménez ◽

Abraham Landa

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Glutathione Transferase ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Peritoneal Macrophages ◽

Cd4 Cells ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Type Response

AbstractGlutathione (GSH) transferase (GST) is an essential enzyme in cestodes for the detoxification of xenobiotics. In Taenia solium, two GSTs (Ts25GST and Ts26GST kDa) were isolated as a fraction (SGSTF) by GSH-Sepharose-4B. Both are located on the tegument. Immunization assays with SGSTF reduced up to 90% of the parasitic load in a murine model of cysticercosis. It prompted us to investigate how SGSTF induces this protective immune response. To test it, we exposed peritoneal macrophages to SGSTF for 24 h; such exposure favored the production of IL-12, TNF, and IL-10 as well as the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 inducible (Nos2) and CD86, but did not induce the expression of chitinase-like 3 (Chil3). Confocal microscopy showed that the macrophages internalize the SGSTF which co-localized after 1 h with MHC-II in their plasma membranes. Macrophages exposed to SGSTF and co-cultured with anti-CD3 pre-activated T CD4+ cells, enhanced the proliferation of CD4+ cells, induced high interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion, and elevated the expression of CD25 and CD69, molecules associated with cell activation. Similar assay using T CD4+ cells from DO11.10 mice and ovalbumin (OVA) peptide+SGSTF as stimuli, showed enhanced cell proliferation and OVA-specific IFN-γ secretion. These data are in-line with those indicating that the P1, P5, and P6 peptides of Schistosoma japonicum 28GST highly promote T-cell proliferation and Th1 response in vitro. We found that such peptides are also present on Ts25GST and Ts26GST. It suggests that SGSTF activates peritoneal macrophages to a classically activated-like phenotype, and that these macrophages induce the differentiation of T CD4+ cells toward a Th1-type response.

Download Full-text