Prevalence of cervical HPV infection, sexually transmitted infections and associated antimicrobial resistance in women attending cervical cancer screening in Mali

Background: In India, annually, there are more than 120,000 women diagnosed with cervical cancer and more than half of them die of the disease. The link between cervical cancer and high-risk type of human papilloma virus (HPV) is well-established. In addition to this, low-risk type HPV can lead to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It is believed that 6% of Indian adult population is affected by one or more STIs. However, due to geographical and socioeconomic barriers, rural and poor women do not always have access to updated sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and relevant services, resulting in the delay of treatment. To address these challenges and to strengthen the existing health system, Family Planning Association of India (FPA India), a national level voluntary organization, integrated cervical cancer and STIs services into a 2-year project and delivered it in urban slums and rural areas. Aim: To evaluate the impact of integrated cervical cancer and STIs services in the resource-limited settings in India. Methods: FPA India implemented the integrated package through six branch health facilities to raise people's awareness and build institutional capacity for the screening of women. All detailed process is summarized in Fig 1. Data, such as the number of cervical cancer screening and syndromic treatment, was collected. Results: More than 14,000 people were reached and 14 service providers including midlevel providers were trained. The number of services significantly improved in the selected 6 branches and in all branches of FPA India. The numbers for syndromic treatment of STIs almost doubled in the selected 6 branches and showed a 50% rise in all the branches. The number of cervical cancer screenings was 2938 and 9862, before and after the project, respectively in the selected 6 branches. The progress nearly doubled at the whole association level. Additionally, in this project, the progress of visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol´s iodine (VILI) was remarkable whether in 6 selected branches or in all branches. At the end of project implementation, VIA/VILI accounted for 90% of all cervical cancer screenings. Data are summarized in Table 1. Conclusion: This study presents FPA India's operational experience in carrying out integrated cervical cancer and STIs services, in urban slums and rural areas. This project reaffirms that raising people's awareness and building institutional capacity are core approaches to deliver certain SRH information and services as well as achieve better SRH outcomes. The shift from Papanicolaou test to VIA/VILI may be related to VIA/VILI's sensitivity, quick results and affordability. However, more studies are needed to explain this change.[Figure: see text][Table: see text]

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Awareness about cervical cancer screening among reproductive aged women attending gynaecology outpatient department in ESI PGIMSR & ESIC medical college & Hospital, Joka, Kolkata

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1319

Author(s):

Susmita Chaudhuri ◽

Rekha Dutt ◽

Shweta Goswami ◽

Joydeb Roychowdhury

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Early Marriage ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Reproductive Aged Women

Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women especially India. The mainstay of prevention rests on early detection of cases through screening. So, this study aims to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer screening, Human papilloma virus & its vaccination status. Methods: This was an observational study of cross-sectional design conducted among the adult reproductive aged women (18-45 years) visiting Gynaecology OPD at ESI-PGIMSR and ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Joka. A pre-designed and pre-tested interview schedule was prepared. Face to face interview was conducted in local language. Data was compiled & computed in SPSS software version 20. Results: Total respondents were 97. Majority of the respondents (62.9%) belong to the age group of 21-30 years. 8 in 10 participants follow Hinduism. Almost equal percentages of participants were from urban & rural areas (51.5% & 48.5% respectively). 6 in 10 participants had heard about cervical cancer. Majority of the respondents (55%) mentioned friends & family as a source of information. 48.3% of the respondents knew poor genital hygiene as a predisposing risk factor for cervical cancer. Very few knew about other factors like multiple sexual partner (20%), early marriage (33.3%), young age (20%), repeated childbirth (35%), OCP usage (26.7%) as risk factors for cervical cancer. Only one participant had undergone screening test for cervical cancer (1.7%). 46.7% of the respondents were aware about association of HPV infection with cervical cancer. But none of the participants had received vaccine against cervical cancer & they cited lack of awareness as a reason for not receiving the vaccine. Conclusions: A well-designed health education program focusing on effective multipronged IEC strategies utilizing pictorials, audio-visual and personal communication on cervical cancer could yield beneficial results.

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Genotypes distribution of human papillomavirus in cervical samples of Ecuadorian women

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1980-5497201600010014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gustavo David García Muentes ◽

Lindsay Karen García Rodríguez ◽

Ramiro Israel Burgos Galarraga ◽

Franklin Almeida Carpio ◽

Juan Carlos Ruiz Cabezas

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hpv 18

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered a necessary causative agent for developing oropharyngeal, anal and cervical cancer. Among women in Ecuadorian population, cervical cancer ranks as the second most common gynecological cancer. Not many studies about HPV burden have been published in Ecuador, and genotypes distribution has not been established yet. The little data available suggest the presence of other genotypes different than 16 and 18. Objectives: In the present study, we attempt to estimate the prevalence of HPV 16, HPV 18 and other 35 genotypes among Ecuadorian women undergoing cervical cancer screening. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was also estimated. Methods: Routine cervical samples were analyzed using Linear Array(r) HPV Genotyping test (Roche). Results: A total of 1,581 cervical samples obtained from Ecuadorian women undergoing cervical cancer screening were included in this study. HPV DNA was detected in 689 cervical samples (43.58%). Of these samples, 604 (38.20%) were positive for a single HPV genotype, while another 85 (5.37%) samples were positive for multiple HPV types. Genotype 16 (5.50%) resulted in the most frequently detected type in both single and multiple infections. HPV 33 (4.55%) and HPV 11 (3.80%) occupied the second and the third place in frequency among all detected genotypes. Conclusions: Viral genotypes different from HPV 16 and HPV 18 are frequently detected among Ecuadorian women. The overall prevalence of HPV resulted higher than the one reported in other South American countries with a greater burden in the second and third decades of life.

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Cervical Cancer Screening in a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic: Screening Adoption Experiences From a Midwestern Clinic

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2014.302272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (S2) ◽

pp. e8-e14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beth E. Meyerson ◽

M. Aaron Sayegh ◽

Alissa Davis ◽

Janet N. Arno ◽

Gregory D. Zimet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Sexually Transmitted Disease ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Disease Clinic ◽

Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic

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Comparison of detection rate of high risk HPV infection between self-collected HPV testing and clinician-collected HPV testing in cervical cancer screening

Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/j.tjog.2019.05.008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 477-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pattiya Nutthachote ◽

Shina Oranratanaphan ◽

Wichai Termrungruanglert ◽

Surang Triratanachat ◽

Arkom Chaiwongkot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Hpv Testing ◽

High Risk Hpv

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Cervical Cancer Screening in Nepal

Health Prospect ◽

10.3126/hprospect.v12i1.8723 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 18-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M Joshi ◽

SR Mishra

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Screening Program ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cancer Screening Program ◽

Special Programs ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening Program ◽

Cervical Cells

Cervical cancer screening is a process using the Pap smear to identify precancerous and potentially precancerous changes in cervical cells and tissue. Cervical cancer acts as the biggest killer and most preventable cancer in Nepalese women. This paper tries to give a brief overview of cervical cancer screening program in Nepal. Various published and unpublished literatures were obtained and reviewed from international journals, local newspapers and books. All literatures were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is chiefly the reason for cervical cancer. In majority cases, early exposure to sexual intercourse, multiple sex partners and addiction are considered as risk factor. In Developing country like Nepal, screening for cervical cancers is not easily available to people at risk. A vaccine is available which reduces the risk of HPV. The vaccine will be effective if received before the onset of sexual activities 9-13 years. Cervical cancer screening program has many difficulties in terms of limited medical services, difficult geographical terrain creating difficulties in delivering health services. Special programs needs to be designed and delivered to population focusing on reducing burden of cervical cancer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i1.8723 Health Prospect: Journal of Public Health Vol.12(1) 2013: 18-20

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Women’s perceived susceptibility to and utilisation of cervical cancer screening services in Malawi

Health SA Gesondheid ◽

10.4102/hsag.v19i1.787 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melanie Y. Hami ◽

Valerie J. Ehlers ◽

Dirk M. Van der Wal

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Perceived Susceptibility ◽

Screening Services

Background: Malawi provides cervical cancer screening services free of charge at some public health facilities. Few women make use of these cancer screening services in Malawi and many women continue to be diagnosed with cervical cancer only during the late inoperable stages of the condition. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to discover whether the perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, amongst Malawian women aged 42 and older, influenced their intentions to utilise the available free cervical cancer screening services.Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted. Structured interviews were conducted with 381 women who visited 3 health centres in the Blantyre District of Malawi.Results: A statistically-significant association existed between women’s intentions to be screened for cervical cancer and their knowledge about cervical cancer (X² = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003) and with having heard about HPV infection (X² = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041) at the 5% significance level. Cervical cancer screening services are provided free of charge in government health institutions in Malawi. Nevertheless, low perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer amongst women, aged 42 and older, might contribute to limited utilisation of cervical screening services, explaining why 80% of cervical cancer patients in Malawi were diagnosed during the late inoperable stages.Conclusion: Malawian women lacked awareness regarding their susceptibility to cervical cancer and required information about the available cervical cancer screening services. Malawi’s women, aged 42 and older, must be informed about the advantages of cervical cancer screening and about the importance of effective treatment if an early diagnosis has been made. Women aged 42 and older rarely attend antenatal, post-natal, well baby or family-planning clinics, where health education about cervical cancer screening is often provided. Consequently, these women aged 42 and older should be informed about cervical screening tests when they utilise any health services.Vroue se vermeende vatbaarheid en benutting van servikale kanker dienste in Malawi Agtergrond: Malawi verskaf gratis servikale kanker siftings dienste by sommige openbare gesondheids instansies. Min vrouens maak gebruik van die kanker siftings dienste in Malawi en baie vrouens word steeds gediagnoseer met servikale kanker tydens die laat onopereerbare fases van die toestand.Doelwitte: Die doel van die studie was was om te bepaal of Malawiese vrouens wat 42 en ouer is se waargenome vatbaarheid vir servikale kanker hulle beïnvleod om beskikbare gratis servikale siftingsdienste te gebruik. ’n Kwantitatiwe, deursnee beskrywende navorsingsontwerp was gekies.Metode: Gestruktureerde onderhoude is met 381 vrouens gevoer wat drie gesondheidsdiensentrums in die Blantyre Distrik van Malawi besoek het.Resultate: ’n Statistiese beduidende verhouding het bestaan tussen vrouens se voornemens om vir servikale kanker getoets te word en hulle kennis oor servikale kanker (X² = 8.9; df = 1; p = 0.003) en dat hulle al gehoor het van MPV infeksies (X² = 4.2; df = 1; p = 0.041) op die 5% vlak van beduidenis. Servikale kanker siftingsdienste is gratis beskikbaar in openbare gesondheidsdiensinrigtings in Malawi. Desnieteenstaande was daar ’n lae waargenome risiko van servikale kanker onder vrouens wat 42 jaar oud en ouer was en dit het bygedra tot die beperkte benutting van siftingsdienste, wat verduidelik waarom 80% van servikale kankergevalle in Malawi gedurende die laat onopereerbare fases gediagnoseer is.Gevolgtrekkings: Malawiese vrouens was onbewus van hulle vatbaarheid vir servikale kanker en het inligting benodig oor servikale kanker siftingsdienste. Malawi se vrouens wat 42 jaar oud en ouer is, moet ingelig word aangaande die voordele van servikale sifting en die belangrikheid van effektiewe behandeling indien ’n vroë diagnose gemaak is. Vrouens van 42 of ouer benut selde voorgeboorte, nageboorte gesonde baba, of gesinsbeplanningsklinieke waar voorliging aangaande servickale kanker verskaf word. Gevolglik behoort die vrouens ingelig te word oor servikale siftingstoetse wanneer hulle enige gesondheidsdienste benut.

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