Enhanced airflow by additional axial fans for produce cooling in a cold room: a numerical study on the trade-off between cooling performance and irreversibility

AbstractThe intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the most crucial and expensive resources in a health care system. While high fixed costs usually lead to tight capacities, shortages have severe consequences. Thus, various challenging issues exist: When should an ICU admit or reject arriving patients in general? Should ICUs always be able to admit critical patients or rather focus on high utilization? On an operational level, both admission control of arriving patients and demand-driven early discharge of currently residing patients are decision variables and should be considered simultaneously. This paper discusses the trade-off between medical and monetary goals when managing intensive care units by modeling the problem as a Markov decision process. Intuitive, myopic rule mimicking decision-making in practice is applied as a benchmark. In a numerical study based on real-world data, we demonstrate that the medical results deteriorate dramatically when focusing on monetary goals only, and vice versa. Using our model, we illustrate the trade-off along an efficiency frontier that accounts for all combinations of medical and monetary goals. Coming from a solution that optimizes monetary costs, a significant reduction of expected mortality can be achieved at little additional monetary cost.

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A numerical study of the effect of a hybrid cooling system on the cooling performance of a large power transformer

Applied Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.03.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 275-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Young Joo Kim ◽

Myunggeun Jeong ◽

Yong Gap Park ◽

Man Yeong Ha

Keyword(s):

Cooling System ◽

Power Transformer ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Large Power ◽

Cooling Performance ◽

Hybrid Cooling

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Experimental and Numerical Study on the Effects of the Relative Position of Film Hole and Orientation Ribs on the Film Cooling With Ribbed Cross-Flow Coolant Channel

Volume 7B: Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/gt2020-14389 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bingran Li ◽

Cunliang Liu ◽

Lin Ye ◽

Huiren Zhu ◽

Fan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Relative Position ◽

Film Cooling ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Internal Cooling ◽

Transfer Coefficients ◽

Cooling Performance ◽

Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽

Numerical Studies

Abstract To investigate the application of ribbed cross-flow coolant channels with film hole effusion and the effects of the internal cooling configuration on film cooling, experimental and numerical studies are conducted on the effect of the relative position of the film holes and different orientation ribs on the film cooling performance. Three cases of the relative position of the film holes and different orientation ribs (post-rib, centered, and pre-rib) in two ribbed cross-flow channels (135° and 45° orientation ribs) are investigated. The film cooling performances are measured under three blowing ratios by the transient liquid crystal measurement technique. A RANS simulation with the realizable k-ε turbulence model and enhanced wall treatment is performed. The results show that the cooling effectiveness and the downstream heat transfer coefficient for the 135° rib are basically the same in the three position cases, and the differences between the local effectiveness average values for the three are no more than 0.04. The differences between the heat transfer coefficients are no more than 0.1. The “pre-rib” and “centered” cases are studied for the 45° rib, and the position of the structures has little effect on the film cooling performance. In the different position cases, the outlet velocity distribution of the film holes, the jet pattern and the discharge coefficient are consistent with the variation in the cross flow. The related research previously published by the authors showed that the inclination of the ribs with respect to the holes affects the film cooling performance. This study reveals that the relative positions of the ribs and holes have little effect on the film cooling performance. This paper expands and improves the study of the effect of the internal cooling configuration on film cooling and makes a significant contribution to the design and industrial application of the internal cooling channel of a turbine blade.

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A CFD-Based Parametric Study on Modification of Discrete Sister Holes Location for the Film Cooling Flow

Volume 5B: Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/gt2014-25970 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Siavash Khajehhasani ◽

Bassam Jubran

Keyword(s):

Film Cooling ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Navier Stokes ◽

Base Case ◽

Spanwise Direction ◽

Cooling Performance ◽

Cooling Flow ◽

Lift Off ◽

The Individual

A numerical study on the effects of sister holes locations on film cooling performance is presented. This includes the change of the location of the individual discrete sister holes in the streamwise and spanwise directions, where each one of these directions includes 9 different locations, The simulations are performed using three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes analysis with the realizable k–ε model combined with the standard wall function. The variation of the sister holes in the streamwise direction provides similar film cooling performance as the base case for both blowing ratios of 0.5 and 1. On the other hand, the spanwise variation of the sister holes’ location has a more prominent effect on the effectiveness. In some cases, as a result of the anti-vortices generated from the sister holes and the repositioning of the sister holes in the spanwise direction, the jet lift-off effect notably decreases and more volume of coolant is distributed in the spanwise direction.

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Injection Angle Influence of Secondary Holes on the Enhancement of Film Cooling Effectiveness With Horn-Shaped or Cylindrical Primary Holes

Volume 8: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2017-70734 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Zhu ◽

Gongnan Xie ◽

Terrence W. Simon

Keyword(s):

Film Cooling ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Cylindrical Hole ◽

Cooling Effectiveness ◽

Cooling Performance ◽

Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽

Injection Angle ◽

Inclination Angles ◽

Cooling Hole ◽

Cylindrical Holes

Secondary holes to a main film cooling hole are used to improve film cooling performance by creating anti-kidney vortices. The effects of injection angle of the secondary holes on both film cooling effectiveness and surrounding thermal and flow fields are investigated in this numerical study. Two kinds of primary hole shapes are adopted. One is a cylindrical hole, the other is a horn-shaped hole which is designed from a cylindrical hole by expanding the hole in the transverse direction to double the hole size at the exit. Two smaller cylindrical holes, the secondary holes, are located symmetrically about the centerline and downstream of the primary hole. Three compound injection angles (α = 30°, 45° and 60°, β = 30°) of the secondary holes are analyzed while the injection angle of the primary hole is kept at 45°. Cases with various blowing ratios are computed. It is shown from the simulation that cooling effectiveness of secondary holes with a horn-shaped primary hole is better than that with a cylindrical primary hole, especially at high blowing ratios. With a cylindrical primary hole, increasing inclination angle of the secondary holes provides better cooling effectiveness because the anti-kidney vortices created by shallow secondary holes cannot counteract the kidney vortex pairs adequately, enhancing mixing of main flow and coolant. For secondary holes with a horn-shaped primary hole, large secondary hole inclination angles provide better cooling performance at low blowing ratios; but, at high blowing ratios, secondary holes with small inclination angles are more effective, as the film coverage becomes wider in the downstream area.

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An Approach to Improve Smoke–Fuel Consumption Trade-Off Under Pilot Injection Mode in a Diesel Engine—Experimental and Numerical Study

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability - Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines ◽

10.1007/978-981-16-1513-9_15 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 377-403

Author(s):

Hiren Dave ◽

Bharatkumar Sutaria ◽

Brijesh Patel

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Pilot Injection ◽

Trade Off ◽

Injection Mode

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Numerical study on the cooling performance of a novel passive system: Cylindrical phase change material-assisted earth-air heat exchanger

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 245 ◽

pp. 118907 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tiecheng Zhou ◽

Yimin Xiao ◽

Haotian Huang ◽

Jianquan Lin

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchanger ◽

Phase Change ◽

Phase Change Material ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Passive System ◽

Cooling Performance ◽

Cylindrical Phase ◽

Change Material

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Numerical Assessment of Fan-Ducting Coupling for Gas Turbine Ventilation Systems

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Fans and Blowers; Marine ◽

10.1115/gt2015-42449 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alessandro Corsini ◽

Giovanni Delibra ◽

Stefano Minotti ◽

Stefano Rossin

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Static Pressure ◽

Numerical Study ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Ventilation System ◽

Maximum Pressure ◽

Term Operation ◽

Axial Fans ◽

Pressure Discontinuity

Gas turbines enclosures entail a high number of auxiliary systems which must be preserved from heat, ensuring therefore the long term operation of the internal instrumentation and of the data acquisition system. A dedicated ventilation system is designed to keep the enclosure environment sufficiently cool and dilute any gas coming from potential internal leakage to limiting explosion risks. These systems are equipped with axial fans, usually fed with air coming from the filter house which provides air to the gas turbine combustion system, through dedicated filters. The axial fans are embedded in a ducting system which discharges fresh air inside the enclosure where the gas turbine is housed. As the operations of the gas turbine need to be guaranteed in the event of fan failure, a backup redundant system is located in a duct parallel to the main one. One of the main requirements of a ventilation fan is the reliability over the years as the gas turbine can be installed in remote areas or unmanned offshore platforms with limited accessibility for unplanned maintenance. For such reasons, the robustness of the ventilation system and a proper understanding of coupling phenomena with the axial fan is a key aspect to be addressed when designing a gas-turbine system. Here a numerical study of a ventilation system carried out with RANS and LES based methodologies will be presented where the presence of the fan is synthetized by means of static pressure discontinuity. Different operations of the fans are investigated by means of RANS in order to compare the different operating points, corresponding to 1) clean and 2) dirty filters operations, 3) minimum and 4) maximum pressure at the discharge section. Large Eddy Simulations of the same duct were carried out in the maximum loading condition for the fan to investigate the unsteady response of the system and validate its correct arrangement. All the simulations were carried out using OpenFOAM, a finite volume open source code for CFD analysis, treating the filters as a porous medium and the fan as a static pressure discontinuity according to the manufacturer’s characteristic curve. RANS modelling was based on the cubic k-ε model of Lien et al. while sub-grid scale modelling in LES was based on the 1 equation model of Davidson. Computations highlighted that the ventilation system was able to work in similarity for flow rates between 15 m3/s and 23.2 m3/s and that the flow conditions onto the fan suggest that the aerodynamic stress on the device could be reduced introducing in the duct flow straighteners or inlet guided vanes.

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