WITHDRAWN: Uniaxial tensile cyclic behavior of high density polyethylene: Experimentation and modeling

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Hizoum ◽  
Salim Belouettar
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile

Fabrication and characterization of microwave cured high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube and polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (15) ◽  
pp. 2091-2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Arora ◽  
Himanshu Pathak ◽  
Sunny Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanotube Composites ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron

Carbon nanotubes have been used as reinforcements in polymers due to their high elasticity, flexibility, and thermal conductivity. In this study, pellets of high-density polyethylene +20 wt% carbon nanotube and polypropylene +20 wt% carbon nanotube were cured using microwave energy. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, uniaxial tensile test, and scanning electron microscopy was used to study morphology, thermal stability, and mechanical performance of the microwave-cured composites. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the bonding between the polymer and carbon nanotube as the peaks shifted and intensified. From the thermal study, it was observed that melting point of the composites is affected by microwave curing and the crystallinity of high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube and polypropylene/carbon nanotube changed by 57.67% and 47.28%, respectively. Results of the uniaxial tensile test indicated that Young’s modulus of microwave cured high-density polyethylene/carbon nanotube and polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites were improved by 295% and 787.8%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic fractography shows the stretching of polymer over-lapped on carbon nanotubes in the direction of the applied load.

Cyclic Behavior of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necmi Dusunceli ◽  
Bulent Aydemir ◽  
Niyazi U. Terzi ◽  
A. D’Amore ◽  
Domenico Acierno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cyclic Behavior

Modeling Viscoelastic and Viscoplastic Behavior of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgen U. Colak ◽  
Necmi Dusunceli
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Equation ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Simulation Results

The viscoelastic and viscoplastic behaviors of high density polyethylene (HDPE) under uniaxial monotonic and cyclic loading are modeled using the modified viscoplasticity theory based on overstress (VBO). The viscoelastic modeling capabilities of the modified VBO are investigated by simulating the behavior of semicrystalline HDPE under uniaxial compression tests at different strain rates. In addition, the effects of the modification (introducing the variable “C” into an elastic strain rate equation) on VBO that has been made to construct the change in the elastic stiffness while loading and unloading are investigated. During first loading and unloading, the modification in the elastic strain rate equation improves the unloading behavior. To investigate how the variable “C” that is introduced in the elastic strain rate equation evolves during reloading, the cyclic behavior of HDPE is modeled. For a complete viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior, the relaxation and creep behaviors of HDPE are simulated as well in addition to stress and strain rate dependency. The influences of the strain (stress) levels where the relaxation (creep) experiments are performed are investigated. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data obtained by Zhang and Moore (1997, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37, pp. 404–413). A good match between experimental and simulation results are observed.

scholarly journals Investigation of Tensile Creep Behavior for High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) via Experiments and Mathematical Model

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6188
Author(s):  
Qiang Mao ◽  
Buyun Su ◽  
Ruiqiang Ma ◽  
Zhiqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behavior ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Form Model ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Parameter Values

Temperatures of −25 °C, +5 °C, and +35 °C were selected to study the creep behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The ultimate tensile strength of HDPE materials was obtained through uniaxial tensile experiments and the time–strain curves were obtained through creep experiments. When the loaded stress levels were lower than 60% of the ultimate strength, the specimens could maintain a longer time in the stable creep stage and were not prone to necking. In contrast, the specimens necked in a short time. Then, the time hardening form model was applied to simulate the time–strain curve and the parameter values were solved. The parameter values changed exponentially with the stresses, thereby expanding and transforming the time hardening model. The expanded model can easily and accurately predict creep behaviors of the initial and stable creep stages as well as the long-term deformations of HDPE materials. This study would provide a theoretical basis and reference value for engineering applications of HDPE.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing Techniques on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of High-Density Polyethylene

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3346
Author(s):  
Edgar Mejia ◽  
Nizamudeen Cherupurakal ◽  
Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad ◽  
Sultan Al Hassanieh ◽  
Mohamed Rabia
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Density ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing ◽  
Processing Techniques

The versatility of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) makes it one of the most used polymers for vast applications ranging from food packaging to human implants. However, there still is confusion regarding the proper selection of processing techniques to produce HDPE specimens for high-end applications. Herein, we compare the processing of HDPE by two relevant techniques: compression and injection molding. The fabricated samples were studied using uniaxial tensile testing to determine their mechanical performance. Furthermore, the microstructure of samples was analyzed using different characterization techniques. Compression-molded specimens recorded a higher degree of crystallinity (DC) using two different characterization techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With this information, critical processing factors were determined, and a general structure–property relationship was established. It was demonstrated that having a higher DC resulted in higher yield strength and Young’s modulus. Furthermore, premature failure was observed in the injection-molded specimens, resulting in lower mechanical performance. This premature failure was caused due to flow marks observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Therefore, it is concluded that compression molding produces superior samples compared to injection molding.

Biomimetic porous high-density polyethylene/polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride scaffold with improved in vitro cytocompatibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1450-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Nitu Bhaskar ◽  
Surjasarathi Bose ◽  
Bikaramjit Basu
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
C2c12 Cell ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Binary Blend

A major challenge for tissue engineering is to design and to develop a porous biocompatible scaffold, which can mimic the properties of natural tissue. As a first step towards this endeavour, we here demonstrate a distinct methodology in biomimetically synthesized porous high-density polyethylene scaffolds. Co-extrusion approach was adopted, whereby high-density polyethylene was melt mixed with polyethylene oxide to form an immiscible binary blend. Selective dissolution of polyethylene oxide from the biphasic system revealed droplet–matrix-type morphology. An attempt to stabilize such morphology against thermal and shear effects was made by the addition of polyethylene- grafted-maleic anhydride as a compatibilizer. A maximum ultimate tensile strength of 7 MPa and elastic modulus of 370 MPa were displayed by the high-density polyethylene/polyethylene oxide binary blend with 5% maleated polyethylene during uniaxial tensile loading. The cell culture experiments with murine myoblast C2C12 cell line indicated that compared to neat high-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene/polyethylene oxide, the high-density polyethylene/polyethylene oxide with 5% polyethylene- grafted-maleic anhydride scaffold significantly increased muscle cell attachment and proliferation with distinct elongated threadlike appearance and highly stained nuclei, in vitro. This has been partly attributed to the change in surface wettability property with a reduced contact angle (∼72°) for 5% PE- g-MA blends. These findings suggest that the high-density polyethylene/polyethylene oxide with 5% polyethylene- grafted-maleic anhydride can be treated as a cell growth substrate in bioengineering applications.

Composition and Surface Topography Effects on Apatite-Forming Ability of Ceramic-Polymer Composites

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Rea ◽  
Serena M. Best ◽  
William Bonfield
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Apatite Layer ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
X Ray

AbstractHAPEXTM (40 vol% hydroxyapatite in a high-density polyethylene matrix) and AWPEX (40 vol% apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic in a high density polyethylene matrix) are composites designed to provide bioactivity and to match the mechanical properties of human cortical bone. HAPEXTM has had clinical success in middle ear and orbital implants, and there is great potential for further orthopaedic applications of these materials. However, more detailed in vitro investigations must be performed to better understand the biological interactions of the composites and so the bioactivity of each material was assessed in this study. Specifically, the effects of controlled surface topography and ceramic filler composition on apatite layer formation in acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentration similar to those of human blood plasma were examined. Samples were prepared as 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 mm tiles with polished, roughened, or parallel-grooved surface finishes, and were incubated in 20 ml of SBF at 36.5 °C for 1, 3, 7, or 14 days. The formation of a biologically active apatite layer on the composite surface after immersion was demonstrated by thin-film x-ray diffraction (TF-XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. Variations in sample weight and solution pH over the period of incubation were also recorded. Significant differences were found between the two materials tested, with greater bioactivity in AWPEX than HAPEXTM overall. Results also indicate that within each material the surface topography is highly important, with rougher samples correlated to earlier apatite formation.

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