scholarly journals Molecular diversity and phytochemical variability in the Iranian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.): A baseline for conservation and utilization in future breeding programmes

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Qaderi ◽  
Mansour Omidi ◽  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Peter Poczai ◽  
Javad Shaghaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Papaver Bracteatum ◽  
Breeding Programmes

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sugarcane Parents in Chinese Breeding Programmes Using gSSR Markers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian You ◽  
Liping Xu ◽  
Yifeng Zheng ◽  
Youxiong Que
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
The World ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Genetic Structures ◽  
Simple Sequence

Sugarcane is the most important sugar and bioenergy crop in the world. The selection and combination of parents for crossing rely on an understanding of their genetic structures and molecular diversity. In the present study, 115 sugarcane genotypes used for parental crossing were genotyped based on five genomic simple sequence repeat marker (gSSR) loci and 88 polymorphic alleles of loci (100%) as detected by capillary electrophoresis. The values of genetic diversity parameters across the populations indicate that the genetic variation intrapopulation (90.5%) was much larger than that of interpopulation (9.5%). Cluster analysis revealed that there were three groups termed as groups I, II, and III within the 115 genotypes. The genotypes released by each breeding programme showed closer genetic relationships, except the YC series released by Hainan sugarcane breeding station. Using principle component analysis (PCA), the first and second principal components accounted for a cumulative 76% of the total variances, in which 43% were for common parents and 33% were for new parents, respectively. The knowledge obtained in this study should be useful to future breeding programs for increasing genetic diversity of sugarcane varieties and cultivars to meet the demand of sugarcane cultivation for sugar and bioenergy use.

scholarly journals Morpho-Molecular Diversity Analysis of Local Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes Using Microsatellite Markers

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Charupriya Singh ◽  
Mounika Korada ◽  
Sonali Habde ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Aim: The knowledge of genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes play a significant role for genetic enhancement in breeding programmes to increase production, improve quality, biotic and abiotic stresses, and also for the selection of superior parental lines in rice. The present field experiment was conducted to study the diversity present in 29 local genotypes of rice using both morphological and molecular ways. Methodology: The experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, during Kharif-2017 in an augmented block design with 29 rice genotypes including 3 checks. Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis was carried out to assess the morphological diversity present among the genotypes and molecular analysis was done with 21 polymorphic SSR markers using the NTSYSpc software. Results: Mahalanobis’ D2 grouped the 29 genotypes into 6 clusters based on the inter-se genetic distance. The highest intra-cluster distance was recorded in the Cluster I (32.73), which comprised of 7 genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance (65.86) was observed between Clusters IV and V. Molecular diversity analysis grouped the 29 rice genotypes into 2 main clusters i.e. cluster I and cluster II with dissimilarity coefficient of 0.34, which were further divided into sub-clusters. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) value is an evidence of diversity and frequency among the varieties. The level of polymorphism varied from 0.164 to 0.694, with an average 0.521. The highest PIC value was observed for locus RM 5 (0.694) followed by RM 510 (0.692). All the 21 primers showed polymorphism and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 4 with an average of 3.04.  Conclusion: This study established the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity among the genotypes studied, the most diverse genotypes being Anupam gold and HUR-1309 followed by Kalanamak-2 and HUR-1304. Breeders may attempt hybridization among the above genotypes which showed maximum diversity, for creating more variability in rice and can be used for planning further breeding programmes.

PROFILING OF GUAVA GENOTYPES GROWN IN VIDARBHA CONDITIONS ON THE BASIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. PATIL ◽  
S.G. BHARAD ◽  
S.N. SAWANT
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics ◽  
Intrapopulation Diversity

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in hybridization programmes.

Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: Comparison between selection criteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. H. Longin ◽  
H. F. Utz ◽  
A. E. Melchinger ◽  
J.C. Reif
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Optimum Allocation ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Breeding Resources

The optimum allocation of breeding resources is crucial for the efficiency of breeding programmes. The objectives were to (i) compare selection gain ΔGk for finite and infinite sample sizes, (ii) compare ΔGk and the probability of identifying superior hybrids (Pk), and (iii) determine the optimum allocation of the number of hybrids and test locations in hybrid maize breeding using doubled haploids. Infinite compared to finite sample sizes led to almost identical optimum allocation of test resources, but to an inflation of ΔGk. This inflation decreased as the budget and the number of finally selected hybrids increased. A reasonable Pk was reached for hybrids belonging to the q = 1% best of the population. The optimum allocations for Pk(q) and ΔGkwere similar, indicating that Pk(q) is promising for optimizing breeding programmes.

Improvement of effectiveness in maize breeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Selection For

Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as maize (Zea mays L.). Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in maize can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and the screening of germplasm for resistance at much less cost and in a shorter time than field testing. In vivo and in vitro techniques have been integrated in maize breeding programmes to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, enhance the genes responsible for them and speed up the breeding process. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in maize and wheat has reached the stage where they can be used in breeding programmes to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.

Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Benthic Cyanobacteria Communities Versus Environmental Conditions in Shallow, High Mountain Water Bodies in Eastern Pamir Mountains (Tajikistan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Jasser ◽  
Iwona Kostrzewska-Szlakowska ◽  
Jan Kwiatowski ◽  
Dovutsho Navruzshoev ◽  
Małgorzata Suska-Malawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Benthic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Pamir Mountains

Doubled haploid production in maize under Sub-montane Himalayan conditions using R1-nj-based haploid inducer TAILP1

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K Khulbe ◽  
A. Pattanayak ◽  
Lakshmi Kant ◽  
G. S. Bisht ◽  
M. C. Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Haploid Inducer ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Source Populations ◽  
Developmental Phases

The use of in vivo haploid induction system makes the doubled haploid (DH) technology easier to adopt for the conventional maize breeders. However, despite having played an important role in the initial developmental phases of DH technology, Indian maize research has yet to harvest its benefits. Haploid Inducer Lines (HILs) developed by CIMMYT are being widely used in maize breeding programmes in many countries including India. There, however, is no published information on the efficiency of DH line production using CIMMYT HILs in Indian maize breeding programmes. In the present study, the efficiency of DH production using CIMMYT’s tropically adapted inducer line TAILP1 was investigated with eight source populations including two of sweet corn. The average haploid induction rate (HIR) of TAILP1 was 5.48% with a range of 2.01 to 10.03%. Efficiency of DH production ranged from 0.14 to 1.87% for different source populations with an average of 1.07%. The information generated will be useful for maize breeders intending to use DH technology for accelerated development of completely homozygous lines.

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