Thermochemical conversion of birch bark by temperature-programmed slow pyrolysis with fractional condensation

The effect of pressure on the thermochemical conversion of woody biomass and lignin in the presence of carbonate additives has been investigated at moderate temperatures (600 and 800°C). A ternary...

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Analytical Investigations of Kinetic and Heat Transfer in Slow Pyrolysis of a Biomass Particle

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.2.2.105-115 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 105-115

Author(s):

S.J Ojolo ◽

C.A. Osheku ◽

M.G Sobamowo

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Analytical Solutions ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Transfer Equations ◽

Standard Deviations

The utilization of biomass for heat and power generation has aroused the interest of most researchers especially those of energy .In converting solid fuel to a usable form of energy,pyrolysis plays an integral role. Understanding this very important phenomenon in the thermochemical conversion processes and representing it with appropriate mathematical models is vital in the design of pyrolysis reactors and biomass gasifiers. Therefore, this study presents analytical solutions to the kinetic and the heat transfer equations that describe the slow pyrolysis of a biomass particle. The effects of Biot number, temperature and residence time on biomass particle decomposition were studied. The results from the proposed analytical models are in good agreement with the reported experimental results. The developed analytical solutions to the heat transfer equations which have been stated to be “analytically involved” showed average percentageerror and standard deviations 0.439 and 0.103 from the experimental results respectively as compared with previous model in literature which gives average percentage error and standard deviations 0.75 and 0.106 from the experimental results respectively. This work is of great importance in the design of some pyrolysis reactors/units and in the optimal design of the biomass gasifiers.

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Fractionation of biomass and plastic wastes to value-added products via stepwise pyrolysis: a state-of-art review

Reviews in Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1515/revce-2019-0046 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Yafei Shen

Keyword(s):

Influence Factors ◽

Liquid Product ◽

Value Added ◽

Decomposition Temperature ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Temperature Programmed ◽

The One

Abstract Pyrolysis has been considered as a promising thermochemical process that can convert biomass in nonoxidizing atmospheres to value-added liquid bio-oil, solid biochar, and noncondensable gas products. Fast pyrolysis has a better economic return because of the valuable biofuel production (e.g. bio-oil, syngas). Because of the complexity and heterogeneity of the feedstocks, the one-step pyrolysis often leads to the mixed, acidic, and highly oxygenated liquid products. Moreover, the downstream processes (e.g. deoxygenation) for the desired fuels require high costs on energy and catalysts consumption. Stepwise pyrolysis is defined as a temperature-programmed pyrolysis that can separately obtain the products from each temperature step. It is a feasible approach to accomplish the fractionation by optimizing the pyrolysis process based on the decomposition temperature ranges and products among the biomass constituents. In recent years, the stepwise pyrolysis technology has gained attentions in thermochemical conversion of complex organic solid wastes. Through the stepwise pyrolysis of a real waste, oxygenated and acidic products were concentrated in the first-step liquid product, whereas the second-step product normally contained a high portion of hydrocarbon with low acidity. The stepwise pyrolysis of biomass, plastics, and their mixtures is comprehensively reviewed with the objective of fully understanding the related mechanisms, influence factors, and challenges.

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Miscanthus to Biocarbon for Canadian Iron and Steel Industries: An Innovative Approach

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4493

Author(s):

Trishan Deb Abhi ◽

Omid Norouzi ◽

Kevin Macdermid-Watts ◽

Mohammad Heidari ◽

Syeda Tasnim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Content ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Ash Content ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Ironmaking Process

Iron-based industries are one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Partial substitution of fossil carbon with renewable biocarbon (biomass) into the blast furnace (BF) process can be a sustainable approach to mitigating GHG emissions from the ironmaking process. However, the main barriers of using biomass for this purpose are the inherent high alkaline and phosphorous contents in ash, resulting in fouling, slagging, and scaling on the BF surface. Furthermore, the carbon content of the biomass is considerably lower than coal. To address these barriers, this research proposed an innovative approach of combining two thermochemical conversion methods, namely hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and slow pyrolysis, for converting biomass into suitable biocarbon for the ironmaking process. Miscanthus, which is one of the most abundant herbaceous biomass sources, was first treated by HTC to obtain the lowest possible ash content mainly due to reduction in alkali matter and phosphorous contents, and then subjected to slow pyrolysis to increase the carbon content. Design expert 11 was used to plan the number of the required experiments and to find the optimal condition for HTC and pyrolysis steps. It was found that the biocarbon obtained from HTC at 199 °C for 28 min and consecutively pyrolyzed at 400 °C for 30 min showed similar properties to pulverized coal injection (PCI) which is currently used in BFs due to its low ash content (0.19%) and high carbon content (79.67%).

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Gasification of Woody Biomasses and Forestry Residues: Simulation, Performance Analysis, and Environmental Impact

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7020061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Sahar Safarian ◽

Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi Saryazdi ◽

Runar Unnthorsson ◽

Christiaan Richter

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Birch Bark ◽

Simulation Performance ◽

Forestry Residues ◽

The Impact ◽

Generation Unit ◽

Equilibrium Simulation

Wood and forestry residues are usually processed as wastes, but they can be recovered to produce electrical and thermal energy through processes of thermochemical conversion of gasification. This study proposes an equilibrium simulation model developed by ASPEN Plus to investigate the performance of 28 woody biomass and forestry residues’ (WB&FR) gasification in a downdraft gasifier linked with a power generation unit. The case study assesses power generation in Iceland from one ton of each feedstock. The results for the WB&FR alternatives show that the net power generated from one ton of input feedstock to the system is in intervals of 0 to 400 kW/ton, that more that 50% of the systems are located in the range of 100 to 200 kW/ton, and that, among them, the gasification system derived by tamarack bark significantly outranks all other systems by producing 363 kW/ton. Moreover, the environmental impact of these systems is assessed based on the impact categories of global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), and eutrophication (EP) potentials and normalizes the environmental impact. The results show that electricity generation from WB&FR gasification is environmentally friendly for 75% of the studied systems (confirmed by a normalized environmental impact [NEI] less than 10) and that the systems fed by tamarack bark and birch bark, with an NEI lower than 5, significantly outrank all other systems owing to the favorable results obtained in the environmental sector.

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Valorization of Bark from Short Rotation Trees by Temperature-Programmed Slow Pyrolysis

ACS Omega ◽

10.1021/acsomega.1c00434 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Zhao ◽

Marko Mäkinen ◽

Antti Haapala ◽

Janne Jänis

Keyword(s):

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Temperature Programmed

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Acaricidal Properties of Bio-Oil Derived From Slow Pyrolysis of Crambe abyssinica Fruit Against the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.768522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Camila Mattos ◽

Juliana Andrade ◽

Bruno Salarini Peixoto ◽

Nayara Luiza Tavares Moraes ◽

Marcia Cristina da Cunha Veloso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Gonadosomatic Index ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Cattle Tick ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Bio Oil

Slow pyrolysis is a process for the thermochemical conversion of biomasses into bio-oils that may contain a rich chemical composition with biotechnological potential. Bio-oil produced from crambe fruits was investigated as to their acaricidal effect. Slow pyrolysis of crambe fruits was performed in a batch reactor at 400°C and chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The bio-oil collected was used in bioassays with larvae and engorged females of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Biological assays were performed using the larval packet test (LPT) and adult immersion test. The GC-MS of crambe fruit bio-oil revealed mainly hydrocarbons such as alkanes and alkenes, phenols, and aldehydes. The bio-oil in the LPT exhibited an LC90 of 14.4%. In addition, crambe bio-oil caused female mortality of 91.1% at a concentration of 15% and a high egg-laying inhibition. After ovary dissection of treated females, a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index was observed, indicating that bio-oil interfered in tick oogenesis. Considering these results, it may be concluded that slow pyrolysis of crambe fruit affords a sustainable and eco-friendly product for the control of cattle tick R. microplus.

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