scholarly journals Miscanthus to Biocarbon for Canadian Iron and Steel Industries: An Innovative Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4493
Author(s):  
Trishan Deb Abhi ◽  
Omid Norouzi ◽  
Kevin Macdermid-Watts ◽  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Syeda Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Ironmaking Process

Iron-based industries are one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Partial substitution of fossil carbon with renewable biocarbon (biomass) into the blast furnace (BF) process can be a sustainable approach to mitigating GHG emissions from the ironmaking process. However, the main barriers of using biomass for this purpose are the inherent high alkaline and phosphorous contents in ash, resulting in fouling, slagging, and scaling on the BF surface. Furthermore, the carbon content of the biomass is considerably lower than coal. To address these barriers, this research proposed an innovative approach of combining two thermochemical conversion methods, namely hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and slow pyrolysis, for converting biomass into suitable biocarbon for the ironmaking process. Miscanthus, which is one of the most abundant herbaceous biomass sources, was first treated by HTC to obtain the lowest possible ash content mainly due to reduction in alkali matter and phosphorous contents, and then subjected to slow pyrolysis to increase the carbon content. Design expert 11 was used to plan the number of the required experiments and to find the optimal condition for HTC and pyrolysis steps. It was found that the biocarbon obtained from HTC at 199 °C for 28 min and consecutively pyrolyzed at 400 °C for 30 min showed similar properties to pulverized coal injection (PCI) which is currently used in BFs due to its low ash content (0.19%) and high carbon content (79.67%).

scholarly journals Utilization of soybean dregs for solid fuel production through hydrothermal carbonization

2020 ◽  
pp. 292-292
Author(s):  
Nugroho Pambudi ◽  
Panji Ardiyansyah ◽  
Riina Syivarulli ◽  
Muhammad Biddinika ◽  
Mochamad Syamsiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
Water Ratio

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process used in converting biomass into a coal-like substance known as hydrochar. This is usually carried out at high temperature with water below the saturation pressure for a certain period known as holding time. The biomass used was soybean dregs, which is the residue obtained from processing soy sauce with low economic value. The aim of this study therefore was to determine the calorific value of the hydrochar produced from soybean dregs at hydrothermal carbonization temperatures of 160?C, 190?C, and 220?C and at holding times of 30 and 60 minutes, also at a temperature of 190?C with the biomass and water ratio at 1:4 and 1:5. The results showed that the highest calorific value was produced a temperature of 220?C and a holding time of 60 minutes, which was 3,866 Kcal/Kg, the highest carbon content was 26.49%, the lowest moisture content was at 1.77%, the lowest volatile content was at 62.98%, while the lowest ash content was8.64%. Considering biomass to water ratio with the holding time, the highest calorific value was at 3,546 Kcal/Kg, the highest carbon content was 20.32%, the lowest moisture content at 1.71%, the lowest volatile content was 68.58%, while the lowest ash content was at 8.37%. The highest calorific value of the hydrochar produced was similar to the calorific value standard of lignite coal which is around 3,511-4,611 Kcal/Kg according to the American Standard Testing and Mineral (ASTM).

scholarly journals Integration of two-stage thermochemical treatment and chemical leaching for extraction of advanced biochar and high value critical raw materials from sewage sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Andre Salimbeni ◽  
Andrea Maria Rizzo ◽  
David Chiaramonti
Keyword(s):  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Thermal Coal

The proposed study aims at assessing the reliability of a new sludge conversion technology, based on integrating thermochemical treatment, with a chemical leaching stage for producing high quality biochar and valuable liquid with high concentration of phosphorus and other critical elements. The concept is based on the fact that sludge ash usually contains about 25% of CaO, 20% of P2O5, and about 25-30% of SiO2. With the removal of these elements, ash content is drastically reduced. The study is thus composed of two phases: (1) assessment of sludge thermochemical conversion routes, and (2) chemical leaching produced biochar. In the first phase, three thermochemical routes are investigated: HTC of fresh sludge at 80% moisture, slow pyrolysis of dry sludge, slow pyrolysis of HTC solid (hydrochar). In the second phase, the solid obtained by slow pyrolysis (biochar) is upgraded through leaching treatment to extract inorganic valuable elements: P, Mg, K. The first phase of the study demonstrated that processing dry sludge in slow pyrolysis at 450°C allows to obtain a low volatile carbonaceous product with characteristics similar to a thermal coal. Second phase demonstrated that, after acid leaching process using HNO3, ash content in biochar decreased from 41.63% to 16.67%. This method also demonstrated to be a valid solution to extract more than 90% of P, K, and Mg contained in the solid, making these elements available for being recycled in agriculture and other industrial uses. At the same time, the increase of the biochar C content and calorific value makes it a valid substitute of fossil coals.

scholarly journals Application of Hydrochar, Digestate, and Synthetic Fertilizer to a Miscanthus x giganteus Crop: Implications for Biomass and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8953
Author(s):  
Toby Adjuik ◽  
Abbey M. Rodjom ◽  
Kimberley E. Miller ◽  
M. Toufiq M. Reza ◽  
Sarah C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer ◽  
Ghg Fluxes

Miscanthus x giganteus (miscanthus), a perennial biomass crop, allocates more carbon belowground and typically has lower soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than conventional feedstock crops, but best practices for nutrient management that maximize yield while minimizing soil GHG emissions are still debated. This study evaluated the effects of four different fertilization treatments (digestate from a biodigester, synthetic fertilizer (urea), hydrochar from the hydrothermal carbonization of digestate, and a control) on soil GHG emissions and biomass yield of an established miscanthus stand grown on abandoned agricultural land. Soil GHG fluxes (including CH4, CO2, and N2O) were sampled in all treatments using the static chamber methodology. Average biomass yield varied from 20.2 Mg ha−1 to 23.5 Mg ha−1, but there were no significant differences among the four treatments (p > 0.05). The hydrochar treatment reduced mean CO2 emissions by 34% compared to the control treatment, but this difference was only statistically significant in one of the two sites tested. Applying digestate to miscanthus resulted in a CH4 efflux from the soil in one of two sites, while soils treated with urea and hydrochar acted as CH4 sinks in both sites. Overall, fertilization did not significantly improve biomass yield, but hydrochar as a soil amendment has potential for reducing soil GHG fluxes.

scholarly journals Sedimentology and Economic Significance of Hangu Formation, Northwest Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Kamil Ahmed Qureshi ◽  
Muhammad Raza Shah ◽  
Ishaque Ali Meerani ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Hamid Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Seam ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Carbonaceous Shale ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Quartz Arenite

The Hangu Formation (Paleocene) consists of sandstone, siltstone, carbonaceous shale, coal and laterite. It is well exposed in the Trans Indus Surghar range and the southern Hazara basin. The sandstone is yellowish brown, fine to coarse grained and medium to thick bedded. The sandstone of the Hangu Formation is classified as quartz arenite on the Q-F-L diagram. It is mostly grain supported and are cemented by silica cement. The study of different stratigraphic sections reveal that Hangu Formation can be sub-divided into a number of lithofacies on the basis of sedimentary structures and lithological variations. These include lateritic lithofacies, coal and carbonaceous shale, cross-bedded sandstone, bioclastic limestone and bioturbated sandstone. All these lithofacies are well-developed in the Baroch Nala section of the Surghar range except the lateritic lithofacies which contains a thin bed of ferruginous clay. In the studied sections of the Hazara basin, the lateritic lithofacies is the only well-developed lithofacies present in the area. The coal occurs at two stratigraphic levels in the Baroch Nala section. The lower coal seam is thick and its chemical study indicates higher calorific value and carbon content than the upper coal seam and with low moisture/ash content. On the basis of the calorific value, the coal of the Hangu Formation is characterized as high volatile bituminous. The degree of laterization is strong in the Langrial and Khanpur sections and moderate in Baroch Nala section.

scholarly journals Substrates for slow pyrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Václav Peer ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Jan Kielar ◽  
Drahomír Mašek
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Slow pyrolysis of solid materials can produce new materials usable for energy or chemical industry. The advantage of pyrolysis devices is the simple construction and process control and the ability to utilize materials with different properties (composition, ash content). Produced gaseous, liquid and solid materials could be used as a sources of energy, raw materials in chemical industry or substances for improving of soil properties. At article are described products of slow pyrolysis of biomass (wood chips), agrifuels (hay, wheat straw) and sewage sludge.

scholarly journals Characterization of Activated Carbon from Industrial Solid Waste Agar with a Different Activator Concentrations

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Khuril Zaqyyah ◽  
Sri Subekti ◽  
Mirni Lamid
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Randomized Design

Production of seaweed processing generates a huge amount of waste, either waste solid or liquid waste. For solid waste contains a lot of organic carbon derived from cellulose or hemicellulose. Therefore, the solid waste that has the potential as a raw material of activated carbon. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the activated carbon produced from solid waste agar and determine the optimal concentration of activator that produced the best characteristics of the activated carbon. The treatment used is a different activator concentration which is designed using completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The results showed the five treatments are significant differences in the characteristics of the ash and pure active carbon content. This study shows that the manufacture of activated carbon industrial solid waste agar with a different activator concentration influence on the characteristics of the active carbon with ash content parameter and pure active carbon content. The concentration of activator that can provide the highest value of pure activated carbon is in P5 with a concentration of 6 M. Based on this study are advised to do further research on how to lower the ash content of the activated carbon from solid waste agar.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC, ENERGY, AND EMISSIONS IMPACTS OF CLIMATE POLICY IN SOUTH KOREA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950010 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIVEN WINCHESTER ◽  
JOHN M. REILLY
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent ◽  
Climate Damages

Using an economy-wide model, we evaluate the impact of policies to meet South Korea’s Paris pledge to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 37% relative those under business as usual (BAU) in 2030. Simulated BAU emissions in 2030 are 840.8 million metric tons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), indicating that economy-wide emissions should be constrained to 529.7 MtCO2e. Under South Korea’s Emissions Trading System (KETS) and fuel economy standards, a 2030 carbon price of $88/tCO2e is needed to meet this goal. Without considering benefits from avoided climate damages, these policies reduce 2030 GDP by $21.5 billion (1.0%) and consumer welfare by 8.1 billion (0.7%). Declines in sectoral production are largest for fossil-based energy sectors and chemical, rubber and plastic products, and iron and steel sectors.

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