scholarly journals Gasification of Woody Biomasses and Forestry Residues: Simulation, Performance Analysis, and Environmental Impact

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Sahar Safarian ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi Saryazdi ◽  
Runar Unnthorsson ◽  
Christiaan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generation Unit ◽  
Equilibrium Simulation

Wood and forestry residues are usually processed as wastes, but they can be recovered to produce electrical and thermal energy through processes of thermochemical conversion of gasification. This study proposes an equilibrium simulation model developed by ASPEN Plus to investigate the performance of 28 woody biomass and forestry residues’ (WB&FR) gasification in a downdraft gasifier linked with a power generation unit. The case study assesses power generation in Iceland from one ton of each feedstock. The results for the WB&FR alternatives show that the net power generated from one ton of input feedstock to the system is in intervals of 0 to 400 kW/ton, that more that 50% of the systems are located in the range of 100 to 200 kW/ton, and that, among them, the gasification system derived by tamarack bark significantly outranks all other systems by producing 363 kW/ton. Moreover, the environmental impact of these systems is assessed based on the impact categories of global warming (GWP), acidification (AP), and eutrophication (EP) potentials and normalizes the environmental impact. The results show that electricity generation from WB&FR gasification is environmentally friendly for 75% of the studied systems (confirmed by a normalized environmental impact [NEI] less than 10) and that the systems fed by tamarack bark and birch bark, with an NEI lower than 5, significantly outrank all other systems owing to the favorable results obtained in the environmental sector.

scholarly journals Environmental impact assessment of tofu production process: case study in SME Sugihmanik, Grobogan

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
S Hartini ◽  
B S Ramadan ◽  
R Purwaningsih ◽  
S Sumiyati ◽  
M A A Kesuma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Tofu contains various substances that are very good when consumed to improve people’s nutrition. In addition, tofu also has good taste. The problem is that the tofu production process produces products and non-product outputs in the form of waste that is very dangerous if directly disposed of in the environment. The BOD5 content of tofu small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Sugihmanik Village ranged from 3,667-4,933 mg/L and COD 7,668-9,736 mg/L. At the same time, the TSS values ranged from 701-1,189 mg/L. The BOD5 value in the river water content is 367 mg/L. It greatly exceeds the set Threshold Value. This study aims to measure the environmental impact using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA can identify the impact of each activity based on the impact category to identify the processes that contribute significantly to damaging the environment. This study found that the cooking and frying process had the highest impact, where the climate change category was the largest. Wastewater treatment plants, biogas from the biodigester as a substitute for electricity for water pumps, rice husks, and corn cobs are expected to reduce environmental impacts. The first section in your paper

scholarly journals Environmental Impact Assessment of Food Waste Management Using Two Composting Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Al-Rumaihi ◽  
Gordon McKay ◽  
Hamish R. Mackey ◽  
Tareq Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
Windrow Composting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact

Food waste is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and therefore global warming. As such, the management of food waste can play a fundamental role in the reduction of preventable emissions associated with food waste. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been used to evaluate and compare the environmental impact associated with two composting techniques for treating food waste using SimaPro software; windrow composting and the hybrid anaerobic digestion (AD) method. The study, based on a 1 tonne of food waste as a functional unit for a case study in the State of Qatar, concludes that anaerobic digestion combined composting presents a smaller environmental burden than windrow composting. The majority of the emissions generated are due to the use of fossil fuels during transportation, which correspond to approximately 60% of the total impact, followed by the impact of composting with 40% of the impact especially in terms of global warming potential. Environmental assessment impacts were the highest in windrow composting for the acidification impact category (9.39 × 10 − 1 kg SO2 eq). While for AD combined composting the impact was highest for the human toxicity impact category (3.47 × 10 kg 1,4 − DB eq).

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and the Environmental Impact of Industrial Projects in Malaysia: A case study of SAMUR, Sabah

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Ezyana Anyzah Marmaya ◽  
Rohana Mahbub
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

To ensure high performance of projects, risk factors and their impact towards the environment need to be addressed during and after the construction phase. This research aims to assess the risk factors and the impact of industrial projects to the environment and surrounding areas. The research employs multi-method strategies: this case study includes several interviews, observations, analysis of project documents and questionnaires distributed among the occupants living in the surrounding area. The results of the research indicated that the project is perceived to have negative environmental impact measured under ecosystem, natural resources, and public impact.Keywords: risk assessment, risk factors, environmental impact, industrial projects, MalaysiaISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals Is Prolonging the Lifetime of Passive Durable Products a Low-Hanging Fruit of a Circular Economy? A Multiple Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 4819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Kaddoura ◽  
Marianna Lena Kambanou ◽  
Anne-Marie Tillman ◽  
Tomohiko Sakao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Durable Products ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Service Systems

Extending the lifetime of passive products, i.e., products that do not consume materials or energy during the use phase, by implementing product-service systems (PSS) has a potential to reduce the environmental impact while being an attractive and straightforward measure for companies to implement. This research assesses the viability of introducing PSS for passive products, by documenting five real product cases of prolonging the lifetime through repair or refurbishment and by quantifying, through life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC), the change in environmental and economic outcome. The environmental impact (measured as global warming potential over the life cycle) was reduced for all cases because extraction and production dominated the impact. This reduction was 45–72% for most cases and mainly influenced by the number of reuses and the relative environmental burden of the components whose lifetime was prolonged. The costs for the company (measured as LCC from the manufacturer’s perspective) decreased too by 8–37%. The main reason that costs reduced less than the environmental impact is that some costs have no equivalent in LCA, e.g., administration and labor costs for services. The decreases in both LCA and LCC results, as well as the willingness of the companies to implement the changes, demonstrate that this measure can be financially attractive for companies to implement and effectively contribute to a circular economy.

scholarly journals Wind Resource Assessment and Economic Viability of Conventional and Unconventional Small Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Maryland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5874
Author(s):  
Navid Goudarzi ◽  
Kasra Mohammadi ◽  
Alexandra St. St. Pé ◽  
Ruben Delgado ◽  
Weidong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Wind Turbines ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
The Impact

Annual mean wind speed distribution models for power generation based on regional wind resource maps are limited by spatial and temporal resolutions. These models, in general, do not consider the impact of local terrain and atmospheric circulations. In this study, long-term five-year wind data at three sites on the North, East, and West of the Baltimore metropolitan area, Maryland, USA are statistically analyzed. The Weibull probability density function was defined based on the observatory data. Despite seasonal and spatial variability in the wind resource, the annual mean wind speed for all sites is around 3 m/s, suggesting the region is not suitable for large-scale power generation. However, it does display a wind power capacity that might allow for non-grid connected small-scale wind turbine applications. Technical and economic performance evaluations of more than 150 conventional small-scale wind turbines showed that an annual capacity factor and electricity production of 11% and 1990 kWh, respectively, are achievable. It results in a payback period of 13 years. Government incentives can improve the economic feasibility and attractiveness of investments in small wind turbines. To reduce the payback period lower than 10 years, modern/unconventional wind harvesting technologies are found to be an appealing option in this region. Key contributions of this work are (1) highlighting the need for studying the urban physics rather than just the regional wind resource maps for wind development projects in the build-environment, (2) illustrating the implementation of this approach in a real case study of Maryland, and (3) utilizing techno-economic data to determine suitable wind harnessing solutions for the studied sites.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Edible Flower Production: A Case Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Nicole Mélanie Falla ◽  
Simone Contu ◽  
Sonia Demasi ◽  
Matteo Caser ◽  
Valentina Scariot
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Acidification Potential ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays the heightened awareness of the critical trend in resource depletion impels to improve the eco − sustainability of any productive process. The research presented in this paper aims to quantify the environmental impact of the emerging productive process of edible flowers, focusing on two model species, i.e., Begonia x semperflorens − cultorum hort and Viola cornuta L., and two types of product, i.e., flowering potted plants sold in plastic vases and packaged flowers ready to be consumed. The study was carried out in an Italian nursery located in Tuscany, interviewing the owners in order to complete the Life Cycle Inventory, assessing the value of the impact categories, and using the “cradle to gate” approach. The information about the production of flowering potted plants and packaged flowers were inserted in a database and elaborated by the appropriate software. The results of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis referred to 1 g of fresh edible flowers and were expressed in four impact categories. Global Warming Potential (GWP) values ranged from 24.94 to 31.25 g CO2 eq/g flowers, Acidification Potential (AP) ranged from 8.169E − 02 to 1.249E − 01 g SO2 eq/g flowers, Eutrophication Potential (EP) ranged from 3.961E − 02 to 5.284E − 02 g PO43 − eq/g flowers, and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) ranged from 8.998E − 03 to 1.134E − 02 g C2H4 eq/g flowers. Begonias showed lower emissions than violas in the GWP and POCP indexes, whereas violas showed lower values in the AP and EP impact categories. The most impactful phase was the propagation, accounting on average for 42% of the total emissions. Overall, the findings highlighted a higher environmental load for the production of both begonias and violas packaged flowers, especially if in small containers, rather than as potted plants, with an emission percentage increase from 8% to 17% among the impact categories.

scholarly journals Energetic-Environmental-Economic Feasibility and Impact Assessment of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in Wastewater Treatment Plant: Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Horia Andrei ◽  
Cristian Andrei Badea ◽  
Paul Andrei ◽  
Filippo Spertino
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Impact

Wastewater treatment plants and power generation constitute inseparable parts of present society. So the growth of wastewater treatment plants is accompanied by an increase in the energy consumption, and a sustainable development implies the use of renewable energy sources on a large scale in the power generation. A case study of the synergy between wastewater treatment plants and photovoltaic systems, aiming to improve the energetic, environmental and economic impacts, is presented. Based on data acquisition, the energy consumption analysis of wastewater treatment plant reveals that the highest demand is during April, and the lowest is during November. The placement of photovoltaic modules is designed to maximize the use of free space on the technological area of wastewater treatment plant in order to obtain a power output as high as possible. The peak consumption of wastewater treatment plant occurs in April, however the peak production of the photovoltaic is in July, so electrochemical batteries can partly compensate for this mismatch. The impact of the photovoltaic system connectivity on power grid is assessed by means of the matching-index method and the storage battery significantly improves this parameter. Carbon credit and energy payback time are used to assess the environmental impact. The results prove that the photovoltaic system mitigates 12,118 tons of carbon and, respectively, the embedded energy is compensated by production in 8 ½ years. The economic impact of the photovoltaic system is analyzed by the levelized cost of energy, and the results show that the price of energy from the photovoltaic source is below the current market price of energy.

scholarly journals Optimal Location of Biogas Plants in Supply Chains under Carbon Effects: Insight from a Case Study on Animal Manure in North Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shin Park ◽  
Joseph Szmerekovsky ◽  
Alan Dybing
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
The Impact

Faced with increasing concerns over the negative environmental impact due to human and industrial activities, biomass industry practitioners and policy makers have great interest in green supply chains to reduce carbon emissions from supply chain activities. There are many studies which model the biomass supply chain and its environmental impact. However, animal waste sourced biogas supply chain has not received much attention in the literature. Biogas from animal manure not only provides energy efficiency, but also minimizes carbon emissions compared to existing biomass products. Therefore, this study proposes a mixed integer linear program that minimizes total supply costs and carbon emissions from an animal waste sourced biogas supply chain while it also incorporates carbon price in the model to see the impact of a carbon policy on tactical and strategic supply chain decisions. To validate the model proposed, a case study of North Dakota is adopted where there is a high potential for a biogas plant to be developed. The results of our optimization experiment indicate that supply chain performance in terms of both costs and emissions is very sensitive to a carbon pricing mechanism.

scholarly journals Environmental and economic impact of the use of natural gas for generating electricity in The Amazon: A case study

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (190) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Wagner Ferreira Silva ◽  
Lucila M.S. Campos ◽  
Jorge Laureano Moya Rodríguez ◽  
Jandecy Cabral Leite
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Generation Plant ◽  
Power Generation Plant

The transformations taking place in the Amazon, considered the "lungs of the planet", have special significance, not only for energy savings, but also for its environmental impact due to the reduction of greenhouse gases. Since 2010, in Manaus, the capital of Amazonas in Brazil, many power plants are replacing fuel oil with natural gas for power generation. Because of the large natural gas reserves in the region, this fuel has become the best choice for power plants built in this place. This paper analyzes the technical economic and environmental impact of the substitution of fuel oil by natural gas in the analyzed power generation plant.

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