Financial modeling in medicine: Cash flow, basic metrics, the time value of money, discount rates, and internal rate of return

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank James Lexa ◽  
Jonathan W. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Financial Modeling ◽  
Time Value Of Money ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Value Of Money

Modified Internal Rate of Return

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Mihai Mieila
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Time Value Of Money ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Erroneous Decision ◽  
Unrealistic Assumption ◽  
Percentage Measure ◽  
Value Of Money

The evaluation of the efficiency of investments relies on a system of measures based on actuarial techniques that consider the time value of money. One of the common measures used is the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Commonly, by applying of the efficiency evaluation criteria, result consistent outcomes. In this paper, the author tries to highlight that, based on its theoretical assumptions and practical drawbacks, considering of this measure in evaluation of the investments decisions may lead to erroneous decision. Despite the fact that the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) has never had a favorable academic press, the surveys outline that financial managers seem just to enjoy this measure. The aim of this paper is to summarize the drawbacks of this indicator and to offer a presentation of the Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR), as a solution to express a project performance by using of a percentage measure concomitant to discard the unrealistic assumption of reinvestment of cash flow stream just at the value of the IRR, allowing a straightforward calculation.

TINJAUAN STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA (NAGARI) KAMANG HILIA SEJAHTERA KENAGARIAN KAMANG HILIA, KECAMATAN KAMANG MAGEK, KABUPATEN AGAM, PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Internal Rate

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.

VALUASI BISNIS BARU DAN OPTIMAL CAPITAL PERUSAHAAN JASA INDUSTRI (MAKLON) BAGI UMKM KERIPIK KEMASAN. (STUDI KASUS: PT KRISPINDO)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Helena Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Free Cash Flow ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
New Business ◽  
Equity Ratio

The increase of MSMEs in the food and beverage industry recently experiencing significant growth, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. According to statistical data released by the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) in November 2020, the food industry dominated Micro and Small businesses in 2019 for 36.23%. The increasing number of MSME businesses in this sector becomes an opportunity for the processing services industry (contract manufacturer) to help MSMEs with all limitations. This study conducted a case study on PT. Krispindo as a company engaged in processing services (contract manufacturer) in the snack sector. This research aims to assess (valuation) new business proposed by PT. Krispindo in terms of optimal use of debt and equity for the company and also investment returns that can be given to investors. In addition, this research also aims to assist the company in making decisions for the following period project, decision to continue or discontinue the business. This study used optimal Cost of Capital (WACC) and Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) in setting optimal business capital. To measure investment return expectations for investors, the study used the company's Net Present Value (NPV), Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) approaches. To find out whether or not the business is further, this study uses Terminal Value Asset (TVA) and On Going Concern Value from the business obtained when the project ending. The results prove using debt in capital has more benefit for the company and the business can continue after the projection period ends.   Keywords: New Business Valuation (NPV), Debt-to-equity ratio (DER), Average Cost of Capital (WACC), Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Terminal Value Asset (TVA) and On Going Concern Value

The internal rate of return of fuzzy cash flow

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Biacino ◽  
M. R. Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Internal Rate

Using the Time Value of Money Decision Tree to Calculate an Athlete’s Contract Offers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
B. David Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Discount Rates ◽  
Deferred Compensation ◽  
Time Value Of Money ◽  
Time Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Of Money

Time Value of Money (TVM) is an essential concept within finance, yet its fundamentals confuse many students. This case offers the TVM Decision Tree to guide students to logical solutions through a step-by-step approach that requires critical thinking about cash flows. Students follow a sport agent as she reviews contract offers for her client. She received four offers with payments structured in wildly different ways, including single payments, growing annuities, and delayed annuities. She must use her knowledge of TVM and the TVM Decision Tree to determine which contract will provide her client with the largest contact in terms of PV. She will find that the contracts with the largest nominal values are not necessarily worth the most in terms of PV. She will also see the impact that different discount rates can have in making her decisions, as well as learn about deferred compensation within professional sports.

Nilai Waktu Dari Uang Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Misbahul Khoir
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Value Of Time ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Time Value Of Money ◽  
Time Value ◽  
The Future ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Value Of Money

The time value of money is associated with the current value and future value because the money received now is more worth than the money received in the future. However, is the concept of time value of money is appropriate and justified by the Shari'ah? The time value of money is a concept that says that the money of the one rupiah that can be received today is more worth than one rupiah which will be received in the future time. The concept of time value of money is needed by financial managers in making decision when will invest in an asset and determine the source of loan funds that will be chosen. Methods for the time value of money pervade; a) the method of average rate of return. This method measures the level of profit gained by an investment. The disadvantage of this method is ignoring the time value of money; b) the payback period method. The method measures how fast the investment return is, the sooner the better; c) method of net present value (NPV). This method calculates quarrel between the current value of investment and the present value of net cash receipts in the future and calculates quarrel between the present value of cash outflow (investment) and cash inflow (income) per year; d) profitability index method (PI). This method calculates ratio between the present value of net cash receipts in the future and the present value of the investment; and e) the methods of internal rate of return (IRR).  If IRR > saving or profit required → decent. Islam views money as a flow concept. Money must rotate in an economy and may not be idle for too long time. Moreover, it lets for years. Islam does not recognize the method of time value of money because this method adds value to money solely with increasing time and not effort. Islam actually knows the money value of time; that is the time has economic value as well as the money value of money. Imam Nawawi provides definition related to value addition for money based solely on the value of time is the category of riba.

STUDI INVESTASI PENGEMBANGAN PERUMAHAN DI MALANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Fadjar Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

Semakin meningkatnya penduduk Kota Malang merupakan peluang besar bagi developer untuk mengembangkan usahanya di bidang perumahan. Namun sebelum menanamkan modalnya untuk berinvestasi apalagi dalam jumlah besar seharusnya developer melakukan studi kelayakan apakah investasi tersebut menguntungkan atau tidak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial dalam investasi pengembangan perumahan, serta mengetahui tingkat sensitivitas perubahan suku bunga dan biaya langsung.Data penelitian yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yaitu gambar perencanaan, harga satuan pekerjaan dari developer, biaya pajak, biaya perijinan, UKL/UPL/AMDAL, biaya pengukuran tanah, biaya operasional, biaya promosi, periode investasi, dan lain-lain. Pengolahan data secara deskriptif untuk menentukan cash flow proyek. Berdasarkan cash flow yang didapat selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kelayakan finansial menggunakan parameter PP, NPV, IRR, dan BCR. Dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis sensitivitas tingkat kelayakan terhadap perubahan suku bunga dan biaya pengeluaran.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa investasi pengembangan suatu perumahan di Malang pada suku bunga 12,79% layak secara finansial karena nilai  parameter pay back periode (PP) terjadi pada tahun ke-7, nilai net present value (NPV) sebesar Rp 34.130.813.565-, nilai benefit cost ratio (BCR) sebesar Rp 1,14, nilai internal rate of return (IRR) sebesar 16,67%. Perubahan suku bunga dan perubahan biaya pengeluaran cukup sensitive terhadap kelayakan finansial dalan investasi ini. Kata-kata kunci: finansial, investasi, kelayakan, pengembanganperumahan

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