Psychometric evaluation of a self-report scale to measure adolescent depression: The CESDR-10 in two national adolescent samples in the United States

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

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The Religious Perfectionism Scale: A Cross-cultural Psychometric Evaluation Among Christians in the United States

Journal of Psychology and Theology ◽

10.1177/00916471211011595 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009164712110115

Author(s):

Kenneth T. Wang ◽

Miriam S. Kang ◽

Hsiu-Chi Lee ◽

Irene Sipan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Religious Commitment ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Fit Statistics ◽

Multiple Group ◽

Chinese Buddhists ◽

Religious Perfectionism

The Religious Perfectionism Scale (RPS) was first developed among Chinese Buddhists, Christians, and Muslims. It consists of the following two subscales: Zealous Religious Dedication and Religious Self-Criticism. In this study, a cross-cultural psychometric evaluation of RPS was performed in a US Christian sample ( N = 233). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results presented a strong data-to-model fit statistics for the two-factor oblique model (CFI = .977, SRMR = .051, RMSEA = .034) in the US sample. The measurement of invariance between US and Chinese samples was examined by multiple-group CFA. The results indicated that the RPS fulfilled invariance for factor loadings and residual variances, but intercepts were partially invariant. The internal consistency reliability coefficients for the two subscales were adequate (above .70). The construct validity test results confirmed our hypotheses that the ZRD was positively correlated with Religious Commitment ( r = .56), and the RSC was positively correlated with Scrupulosity ( r = .58). Overall results suggest that the RPS is a promising measure of religious perfectionism for Christians in the United States. The implications of this were discussed.

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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in the United States, 2013 to 2018

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17570 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rahul Aggarwal ◽

Nicholas Chiu ◽

Rishi K. Wadhera ◽

Andrew E. Moran ◽

Inbar Raber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Similar Treatment ◽

Hypertension Prevalence ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

And Control ◽

White Adults

We evaluated the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension (defined as a systolic blood pressure [BP]) ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, or a self-reported use of an antihypertensive agent) among US adults, stratified by race/ethnicity. This analysis included 16 531 nonpregnant US adults (≥18 years) in the three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles between 2013 and 2018. Race/ethnicity was defined by self-report as White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, or other Americans. Among 76 910 050 (74 449 985–79 370 115) US adults with hypertension, 48.6% (47.3%–49.8%, unadjusted) have controlled BP. When compared with BP control rates for White adults (49.0% [46.8%–51.2%], age-adjusted), BP control rates are lower in Black (39.2%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.59–0.85], P <0.001), Hispanic (40.0%, aOR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.58–0.88], P =0.003), and Asian (37.8%, aOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.55–0.84], P =0.001) Americans. Black adults have higher hypertension prevalence (45.3% versus 31.4%, aOR, 2.24 [95% CI, 1.97–2.56], P <0.001) but similar awareness and treatment rates as White adults. Hispanic adults have similar hypertension prevalence, but lower awareness (71.1% versus 79.1%, aOR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.58–0.89], P =0.005) and treatment rates (60.5% versus 67.3%, aOR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66–0.94], P =0.010) than White adults. Asian adults have similar hypertension prevalence, lower awareness (72.5% versus 79.1%, aOR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.58–0.97], P =0.038) but similar treatment rates. Black, Hispanic, and Asian Americans have different vulnerabilities in the hypertension control cascade of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control. These differences can inform targeted public health efforts to promote health equity and reduce the burden of hypertension in the United States.

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Abstract T P139: Rising Rates of the Metabolic Syndrome Among Stroke Survivors in the United States

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.45.suppl_1.tp139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael McManus ◽

Daniela Markovic ◽

Natalie Valle ◽

Bruce Ovbiagele ◽

Amytis Towfighi

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Recurrent Stroke ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Stroke Survivors ◽

Middle Aged ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors clustering together, affects >47 million US adults and has been independently linked to primary and recurrent stroke risk. Prevalence and trends in MetS among stroke survivors in the United States are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate recent temporal trends in age and sex-specific MetS prevalence among adults with/without stroke in the US. METHODS: Prevalence of MetS was assessed among fasting adults ≥35 years who participated in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999-2010 (n=9,343). Prevalence estimates were weighted to obtain nationally representative estimates (n=430,371,669). MetS was defined by the 2009 harmonized definition. Stroke was determined by self-report. RESULTS: In all groups except men 35-64 years, MetS prevalence was similar among adults with and without stroke in 1999-2002 (Table). MetS prevalence rates were flat from 1999 to 2010 among those without stroke, but increased among stroke survivors, such that up to 80% of men and 86% of women with stroke had MetS, with the greatest rise among the middle-aged. Stroke survivors aged 35-64 years were ~3 times more likely to have MetS than their counterparts without stroke (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.60-6.55 for men and OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.45-4.50 for women). DISCUSSION: Due to a differential rise in MetS in stroke survivors over the last 10 years, as many as 9 out of 10 stroke survivors now have MetS, suggesting that Mets may increasingly be placing people at risk for stroke. Intensified efforts aimed at identifying and treating MetS, especially among middle-aged individuals, may be warranted to avert stroke risk.

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Education-Related Inequalities in Dental Services Use among Older Adults in 23 Countries

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520935854 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1341-1347

Author(s):

F. Bof de Andrade ◽

J.L.F. Antunes ◽

F.C.D. Andrade ◽

M.F.F. Lima-Costa ◽

J. Macinko

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Older Adults ◽

South Korea ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Dental Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relative Index ◽

Index Of Inequality

This study aimed to measure the magnitude of education-related inequalities in the use of dental services among older adults (aged 50 y or older) from a sizable multicountry sample of 23 upper-middle- and high-income countries. This study used cross-sectional data from nationally representative surveys of people aged 50 y and over. Countries included in the Health and Retirement Study surveys were the following: Brazil, China, South Korea, Mexico, United States, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Israel, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. The dependent variable was the use of dental services, based on the self-report of having had a dental visit within the previous year, except for the United States and South Korea, which used 2-y recall periods. Educational level was used as the measure of socioeconomic position and was standardized across countries. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the factors associated with the use of dental services, and the magnitude of education inequalities in the use of dental services was assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) to measure absolute inequalities and the relative index of inequality for relative inequalities. The pooled prevalence of the use of dental services was 31.7% and ranged from 18.7% in China to 81.2% in Sweden. In the overall sample, the absolute difference in the prevalence of use between the lowest and highest educational groups was 20 percentage points. SII was significant for all countries except Portugal. Relative educational inequalities were significant for all countries and ranged from 3.2 in Poland to 1.2 in Sweden. There were significant education-related inequalities in the use of dental care by older adults in all countries. Monitoring these inequalities is critical to the planning and delivery of dental services.

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Childhood Maltreatment Among Hispanic Women in the United States

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/1077559512444593 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 119-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lynn A. Warner ◽

Margarita Alegría ◽

Glorisa Canino

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Asian American ◽

Childhood Maltreatment ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Hispanic Women ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Nativity Status ◽

Increased Risk

Prevalence rates of childhood maltreatment among Hispanic women in the United States are presented separately for nativity status and ethnic origin subgroups, and the associations between different types of maltreatment and the development of anxiety and depressive disorders are examined. Analyses used self-report data from 1,427 Hispanic women who participated in the National Latino and Asian American Survey. Foreign-born Hispanic women compared to U.S.-born Hispanic women reported significantly lower rates of sexual assault and witnessing interpersonal violence, and a significantly higher rate of being beaten. Ethnic subgroups reported similar rates of maltreatment, with the exception of rape. Bivariate analyses were remarkably consistent in that regardless of nativity status or ethnic subgroup, each type of maltreatment experience increased the risk of psychiatric disorder. In multivariate models controlling for all types of victimization and proxies of acculturation, having been beaten and witnessing interpersonal violence remained significant predictors of both disorders, but sexual abuse increased risk of anxiety only. A significant interaction effect of family cultural conflict and witnessing violence on anxiety provided very limited support for the hypothesis that acculturation moderates the influence of maltreatment on mental health outcomes. Implications for culturally relevant prevention and intervention approaches are presented.

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Research Domain Criteria and OCD

10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0062 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Eyal Kalanthroff ◽

Gideon E. Anholt ◽

Helen Blair Simpson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Research Domain Criteria ◽

Diagnostic Systems ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Research Domain

This chapter discusses the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project, an initiative of the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) of the United States to develop for research purposes new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures, and explores how the hallmark symptoms of OCD (obsessions, compulsions, and anxiety) can be mapped onto RDoC domains. Unlike current categorical diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM), RDoC seeks to integrate many levels of information (from genomics to self-report) to validate dimensions defined by neurobiology and behavioral measures that cut across current disorder categories. The chapter explores, for heuristic reasons, how the RDoC matrix might be used to elucidate the neurobehavioral domains of dysfunction that lead to the characteristic symptoms of OCD. It then selectively reviews the OCD literature from the perspective of the RDoC domains, aiming to guide future transdiagnostic studies to examine specific neurobehavioral domains across disorders.

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Use of Population-Based Surveys for Estimating the Population Size of Persons Who Inject Drugs in the United States

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa318 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 (Supplement_5) ◽

pp. S218-S229

Author(s):

Heather Bradley ◽

Elizabeth M Rosenthal ◽

Meredith A Barranco ◽

Tomoko Udo ◽

Patrick S Sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drug Use ◽

Population Size ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽

Population Size Estimates ◽

Prevalence Estimates

Abstract Background In the United States, injection is an increasingly common route of administration for opioids and other substances. Estimates of the number of persons who inject drugs (PWID) are needed for monitoring risk-specific infectious disease rates and health services coverage. Methods We reviewed design and instruments for 4 national household surveys, 2012–2016, for their ability to produce unbiased injection drug use (IDU) prevalence estimates. We explored potential analytic adjustments for reducing biases through use of external data on (1) arrest, (2) narcotic overdose mortality, and (3) biomarker-based sensitivity of self-reported illicit drug use. Results Estimated national past 12 months IDU prevalence ranged from 0.24% to 0.59% across surveys. All surveys excluded unstably housed and incarcerated persons, and estimates were based on <60 respondents reporting IDU behavior in 3 surveys. No surveys asked participants about nonmedical injection of prescription drugs. Analytic adjustments did not appreciably change IDU prevalence estimates due to suboptimal specificity of data points. Conclusions PWID population size estimates in the United States are based on small numbers and are likely biased by undercoverage of key populations and self-report. Novel methods as discussed in this article may improve our understanding of PWID population size and their health needs.

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Communibiology and Humor

Imagination Cognition and Personality ◽

10.1177/0276236616628458 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 172-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew C. Ramsey

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Structural Models ◽

The United States ◽

Self Report ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Atlantic Region ◽

Communicative Functions

Participants ( N = 323) at a midsized university in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States completed self-report measures: personality factors (psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism) and communicative functions of humor (identification, clarification, enforcement, and differentiation). Analyses of structural models indicated that psychoticism predicted clarification, enforcement, and differentiation humor. Extraversion predicted identification, enforcement, and differentiation humor. Neuroticism was not observed as a significant predictor of the humor functions. The results offer support for the communibiological paradigm, which argues that neurobiological personality factors meaningfully account for the ways in which individuals communicate.

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Disseminating the Otago Exercise Program in the United States: Perceived and Actual Physical Performance Improvements From Participants

Journal of Applied Gerontology ◽

10.1177/0733464816675422 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 79-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tiffany E. Shubert ◽

Matthew Lee Smith ◽

Luohua Jiang ◽

Marcia G. Ory

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The United States ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Self Report ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Logistic Regression Models

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is an evidence-based fall prevention program disseminated internationally. Little is known about the implementation or effectiveness of the OEP in the United States. The purposes were to (a) identify characteristics of older adults enrolled in OEP, and (b) examine perceived and actual functional performance changes after participation in 8 weeks of the program. Baseline and 8-week functional and self-report data were collected on 210 older adults from 2013 to 2015. Linear mixed models and general estimating equations logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic factors were performed to assess changes. At 8 weeks, scores dramatically improved on self-report and physical performance tests: Timed Up-and-Go ( p < .001), 30-Second Chair Rise ( p < .001), and Four-Stage Balance ( p < .001). Findings support that participation in the U.S. OEP as part of a plan of care can result in significant improvements in objective functional mobility, balance measures, and self-reported ability.

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