Effects of breast feeding on blood glucose regulation in obese Latino women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical problems occurred during pregnancy. GDM increase the chance for developing type 2 diabetes meletus by seven times. The overall prevalence of GDM in pregnancy is 1-14% according to the American Diabetes Association. Material and Methods: a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The information was collected from pregnant women with gestational DM to assess some maternal risk factors and compare blood glucose level according to different treatment types for GDM. Results: The present study reported that (40.38%) of GDM patients have advanced age (≥35 yrs.). First pregnancy was a risk factors for GDM and it was reported by (9.62%). History of HT and GDM during prior pregnancies were reported by (11.54%) and (% 34.62) respectively. Hypertension or preeclampsia in the current pregnancy was reported by (3.85%). Positive family history of diabetes was associated with (26.92%) GDM patients. All Patients of the present study reported no previous PCOS and smoking history. Also in this study, 44 patients out of 52 GDM patients use medications to control the glucose intolerance, while other patients control it by diet. There were no statistical differences found between treatment groups in term of blood glucose control. Conclusion: Age, history of GDM in the previous pregnancies and family history of diabetes mellitus were identifiable as a risk factors for GDM and their effect were significant in this study while the effect of other risk factors were non-significant. No statistical differences found between treatment groups in term of blood glucose level control and no group achieved the glycemic target.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus: management during and after pregnancy - a systematic literature review

Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery ◽

10.31101/jhtam.1370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Claudia Banowati Subarto ◽

Mohammad Hakimi ◽

Yuli Isnaeni

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Future Health ◽

History Of

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of serious health outcomes for mother and baby such as preeclampsia, premature birth and the long term development of type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to present a review of available research in several countries about GDM management during and after pregnancy. Method: Several databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect and EBSco were searched for relevant articles published between January 2009 and January 2019. Result: Of the 1186 initial articles identified, this study analyzed 7 relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria. This study showed that management for GDM includes medical nutrition therapy, exercise, monitoring of blood glucose, and insulin therapy if blood glucose is not achieved with that treatment. Exclusive breast feeding for at least three months has been shown reducing the risk of childhood obesity of children, particularly in those born to obese and mothers with GDM Conclusion: There is a need to increase awareness of long-term consequences on gestational diabetes, both in patients and in healthcare professionals. Counseling is needed for dietary intervention and physical activity for all postpartum women with a history of GDM to stay healthy or to improve future health

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Safe threshold of capillary blood glucose for predicting early future neonatal hypoglycaemia in babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus, an observational, retrospective cohort study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03973-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Esther H. G. Park ◽

Frances O’Brien ◽

Fiona Seabrook ◽

Jane Elizabeth Hirst

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Neonatal Hypoglycaemia

Abstract Background There is increasing pressure to get women and babies home rapidly after birth. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) currently get 24-h inpatient monitoring. We investigated whether a low-risk group of babies born to mothers with GDM could be defined for shorter inpatient hypoglycaemia monitoring. Methods Observational, retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital in 2018. Singleton, term babies born to women with GDM and no other risk factors for hypoglycaemia, were included. Capillary blood glucose (BG) testing and clinical observations for signs of hypoglycaemia during the first 24-h after birth. BG was checked in all babies before the second feed. Subsequent testing occurred if the first result was < 2.0 mmol/L, or clinical suspicion developed for hypoglycaemia. Neonatal hypoglycaemia, defined as either capillary or venous glucose ≤ 2.0 mmol/L and/or clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycaemia requiring oral or intravenous dextrose (lethargy, abnormal feeding behaviour or seizures). Results Fifteen of 106 babies developed hypoglycaemia within the first 24-h. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were not predictive. All babies with hypoglycaemia had an initial capillary BG ≤ 2.6 mmol/L (Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.91–1.0). This result was validated on a further 65 babies, of whom 10 developed hypoglycaemia, in the first 24-h of life. Conclusion Using the 2.6 mmol/L threshold, extended monitoring as an inpatient could have been avoided for 60% of babies in this study. Whilst prospective validation is needed, this approach could help tailor postnatal care plans for babies born to mothers with GDM.

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myo-Inositol Supplementation and Onset of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc12-1371 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 854-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

R. D'Anna ◽

A. Scilipoti ◽

D. Giordano ◽

C. Caruso ◽

M. L. Cannata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Controlled Study ◽

History Of

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Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus History on Future Pregnancy Behaviors: The Mutaba’ah Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Nasloon Ali ◽

Aysha S. Aldhaheri ◽

Hessa H. Alneyadi ◽

Maha H. Alazeezi ◽

Sara S. Al Dhaheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Previous History ◽

Previous Pregnancy ◽

Prenatal Health ◽

Supplement Use ◽

History Of ◽

Future Pregnancy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in any pregnancy and recurrence rates are high in future pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the effect of self-reported history of previous GDM on behaviors in a future pregnancy. This is an interim cross-sectional analysis of the pregnant women who participated in the Mutaba’ah Study between May 2017 and March 2020 in the United Arab Emirates. Participants completed a baseline self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic and pregnancy-related information about the current pregnancy and previous pregnancies. Regression models assessed the relationships between self-reported history of GDM and pre-pregnancy and pregnancy behaviors in the current pregnancy. Out of 5738 pregnant parous women included in this analysis, nearly 30% (n = 1684) reported a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Women with a history of previous GDM were less likely to plan their current pregnancies (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.96) and more likely to be worried about childbirth (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.36). They had shorter interpregnancy intervals between their previous child and current pregnancy (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.94, per SD increase). There were no significant differences between women with and without a history of GDM in supplement use, sedentary behavior, or physical activity before and during this current pregnancy. Nearly a third of parous pregnant women in this population had a history of GDM in a previous pregnancy. Pregnant women with a previous history of GDM were similar to their counterparts with no history of GDM in the adopted pre-pregnancy and prenatal health behaviors. More intensive and long-term lifestyle counseling, possibly supported by e-health and social media materials, might be required to empower pregnant women with a history of GDM. This may assist in adopting and maintaining healthy prenatal behaviors early during the pregnancy or the preconception phase to minimize the risk of GDM recurrence and the consequential adverse maternal and infant health outcomes.

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Searching for Utopia, the Challenge of Standardized Medical Nutrition Therapy Prescription in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Critical Review

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722316 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nina Meloncelli ◽

Shelley A. Wilkinson ◽

Susan de Jersey

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Medical Nutrition Therapy ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Medical Nutrition

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy disorder and the incidence is increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with adverse maternal outcomes which may be reduced with proper management. Lifestyle modification in the form of medical nutrition therapy and physical activity, as well as self-monitoring of blood glucose levels, is the cornerstone of GDM management. Inevitably, the search for the “ultimate” diet prescription has been ongoing. Identifying the amount and type of carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose levels below targets while balancing the nutritional requirements of pregnancy and achieving gestational weight gain within recommendations is challenging. Recent developments in the area of the gut microbiota and its impact on glycemic response add another layer of complexity to the success of medical nutrition therapy. This review critically explores the challenges to dietary prescription for GDM and why utopia may never be found.

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Candida Chorioamnionitis in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Report of Two Cases

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18147450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 7450

Author(s):

Elia Shazniza Shaaya ◽

Siti Atiqah Abdul Halim ◽

Ka Wen Leong ◽

Kevin Boon Ping Ku ◽

Pei Shan Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Neonatal Death ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Careful Examination ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

History Of ◽

Methenamine Silver

Background:Candida chorioamnionitis is rarely encountered, even though vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence is about 15%. Interestingly, it has characteristic gross and histological findings on the umbilical cord that are not to be missed. Case Report: We report two cases of Candida chorioamnionitis with presence of multiple yellowish and red spots of the surface of the umbilical cord. Microscopically, these consist of microabscesses with evidence of fungal yeasts and pseudohyphae. The yeasts and pseudohyphae were highlighted by periodic acid– Schiff and Grocott methenamine silver histochemical stains. Both cases were associated with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Discussion: Peripheral funisitis is a characteristic feature of Candida chorioamnionitis. It is associated with high risk of adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes, such as preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death. We recommend careful examination of the umbilical cord of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

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