Effect of ginger to overcome nausea and vomiting in pregnant women: a narrative review

Background: Nausea, and vomiting (emesis gravidarum) are symptoms that often occur in 60-80% primigravida and 40-60% multigravida. Nausea and vomiting are symptoms experienced by women during early pregnancy, where this condition usually begins 4-8 weeks of pregnancy and can be more severe by the 9th week. The condition of nausea and vomiting will improve at 14 weeks of gestation and above. The discovery of the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is a potential health technology assessment that can be recommended in midwifery practice. However, a comprehensive analysis is needed regarding the use of ginger in reducing complaints of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Therefore, this analysis was conducted to determine how the effect and safetyness of ginger in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.Method: The method used was a narrative review method. The articles were searched using 3 databases (PubMed, siencedirect, and Wiley online library). The inclusion criteria of the article were articles published in 2011-2021, in English and discussing the effect of ginger to reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The article search flow was described using PRISMA Flowchart. Meanwhile, article quality assessment was carried out using MMAT and CASP. Furthermore, data preparation and reporting of results were carried out.Result: Out of the 10 articles that had been extracted,9 article involved pregnant women as participants. while 1 article only discusses the effectiveness of ginger in reducing nausea vomiting,6 articles had been used using randomized controlled trials and 4 articles were systematic reviews. Based on the quality of the articles, 9 articles obtained grade A and 1 article obtained grade B. furthermore, three themes were obtained, namely effectiveness, safety, other therapies, and 5 related sub-themes of effective, ineffective, safety, pharmacological therapy, and non-pharmacological therapy.Conclusion: The findings of this narrative review found that ginger is effective and safe in reducing nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.

Factors affecting the failure of exclusive breastfeeding practice: a scoping review

Background: In some countries, exclusive breastfeeding is practiced in a limited number of cases and for a short period of time; on an international scale in 2012, only 39% of six-month-old babies were exclusively breastfed. This breastfeeding rate falls short of the World Health Organization's recommended threshold (WHO). According to WHO, to reach the global level by 2025, which is 50% of mothers must exclusively breastfeed for 6 months after giving birth, a strategy must be developed to encourage and facilitate the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. So, it is hoped that with the target set by WHO, mothers can give breast milk exclusively to their babies for 6 months optimally. Exclusive breastfeeding (ASI) is the ideal nutrition for babies in the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding being recommended for up to 2 years of age. The health benefits of self-feeding are dose dependent, and infants with longer periods of exclusive breastfeeding have better health outcomes. The benefits of breastfeeding are dose dependent, and children have better health outcomes when they are breastfeeding exclusively for longer periods of time, but exclusive breastfeeding has not yet reached its aim due to a variety of factors that contribute to failure.Objectives: To identify factors affecting the failure of exclusive breastfeeding practice.Method: The method employed was scoping review, which starts with identifying scoping review questions using the PEO’S framework; selecting relevant articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; and finally, evaluating the results. utilizing databases such as Pubmed, Willey Online Library, ProQuest, and Google Scholar to conduct literature searches; Select articles with a PRISMA Flowchart that describes the search process; execute data charting and critical appraisal; compile and report results.Result: 10 relevant articles have grade A and grade B out of the 103 items that were selected using confidence. Quantitative and qualitative research were used to create these articles. Several factors that influence the inability of exclusive breastfeeding include education knowledge, age parity, nipple pain, workplace, work facilities, workload, support culture.Conclusion: Internal and external factors influence the success of exclusive breastfeeding, the internal aspects including education and knowledge, age and parity, and nipple pain. Workplace, work facilities, workload, support, and culture all are external factors. The failure of exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by several internal and external factors Therefore, it is hoped that the second factor can be a concern to reduce the incidence of unsuccessful exclusive breastfeeding.

The pregnant women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Backgrounds: Pregnancy is a normal physiological process experienced by women. During this COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have atypical experiences. The COVID-19 pandemic also instigates psychological problems in the form of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Supports are exceedingly needed by pregnant women, especially during the current pandemic. They can take several measures during their pregnancy to reduce their level of anxiety.Objective of the study: To review evidence related to pregnant women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.Review methods: This scoping review method begins with identifying scoping review questions using PEO framework; identifying relevant articles chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria; searching for articles using databases, namely EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library; selecting articles of which search flow is described through PRISMA Flowchart; performing data charting and critical appraisal; and compiling and reporting results.Results: Based on 8 chosen articles, 7 articles are marked grade A in quantitative research design non-randomized (5), quantitative descriptive (1), qualitative (1), and 1 article is marked grade B in quantitative descriptive research design. Furthermore, there are 3 obtained themes, including psychological conditions, coping strategies and the pregnant women's needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affects the pregnant women’s experiences due to the emergence of psychological responses in the form of anxiety, depression and fear. One of coping strategies carried out by pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic is by doing physical activities such as exercising, doing their hobbies, thinking positively and finding out information. Social supports and accurate information obtained help pregnant women to overcome their anxiety.

Sexual education for adolescents: parent role in rural area

Health problems faced by adolescents when they are very varied and related to risky sexual behavior. Sexual education is currently still considered taboo by the public because it is less appropriate to talk about and is private. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of parents in sexual education in adolescents. This study uses a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected by means of in-depth interviews with 12 participants who were determined by purposive sampling. The saturation data with 5 parent and 7 adolescents. Data validity test used source triangulation, member cheking, peer debrifing, and thick description. Data analysis using open code 4.03 software. This research is ethical with number No. 020 / EC-KEPK FKIK UMY / I / 2021. The results showed that the role of parents in providing sex education to adolescents was caused by several factors, namely the closeness of children to their parents, parental education, parental divorce, parents' perceptions of sex education, perceptions of the importance of sex education, and parenting styles of parents to child, which affect the optimal role of parents in sex education for their children. To conclude, it is important for parents to provide sexual education to prevent risky sexual behavior, such as providing sexual education for adolescents, giving advice to children, supervising children's relationships, and providing rules for children.

The nexus between post conflict societies and their capacity to respond to the ebola epidemic in Mano River Union

The Ebola crisis in the Mano River States and inadequate state responses to the outbreak heightened the challenges post conflict societies face during emergencies. There have been enough literature discussing the issues of Ebola especially in the Mano River Union; however, there is little discussion on the capacity of the Mano River Union to respond to the Ebola epidemic. Against this background, the study sought to investigate the nexus between post conflict societies and their capacity to respond to the Ebola epidemic in the Mano River Union. A non-empirical qualitative case study approach involving extensive review of secondary data in the form of books, journals, internet sites and conference papers was adopted. The results showed that all the countries in the sub-region were unprepared for the outbreak. Even though some countries had disaster management divisions, none had any disaster management plans in place hence the Ebola Virus Disease and its subsequent crisis could not have been anticipated. Following the findings, a strong case has been made for countries in the sub-region to have disaster management plans and other early warning and resilient systems in place in place to reduce the scale of the outbreak and the high number of deaths.

The relationship between parenting style and social development among toddlers in Yogyakarta

Background: The development of children at preschool age is mentioned as the "Golden Period." At this time, the development of creativity, social awareness, emotional, and intelligence goes swiftly, therefore the parenting provided by parents from an early age will affect the future child's developmentPurpose: the major aim of the study was to know the relationship between parenting style and social development among toddlers in YogyakartaMethods: The design of this research was observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were mothers who have children aged 4-6 years, the sample used was 50 respondents. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. An instrument using VSMS (Vineland Social Maturity Scale).Results: The results of the statistical test revealed that authoritarian parenting risked the children's social development by 5.5 times compared to authoritarian parenting, while permissive parenting risked children's social development by 7,5 times compared to authoritarian parenting. There is a significant relationship between parenting and social development of children with the value of CI 95% = 1.298-41.420 (p = 0.02). While the mothers' age does not have a significant relationship with the children's social development (p-value = 0.07), as well as the mothers' employment status does not have a significant relationship with the child's social development (p-value = 0.13).Conclusion: This study shows that there is a significant relationship between parenting and the social development of children, however, there is no significant relationship between age and mothers' employment status on children's social development. Authoritarian parenting is the most effective parenting approach to children's social development compared to authoritarian and permissive parenting.

Nutritional status and nutrient adequacy against serum prolactin levels in lactating mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is creating global disruption, every area of life is touched. One area that has an impact, is breastfeeding, which is caused by nutritional status and nutrient adequacy during the pandemic, this condition affects prolactin release. Prolactin hormone stimulates and initiatiates of milk secretion. Midwives employed in maternal-child settings play a pivotal role in facilitating and supporting lactating mothers. This study aimed to identify and analyze the nutritional status and nutrient adequacy against serum prolactin levels in lactating mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty lactating mothers from Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta city participated in this cross-sectional study. All were between 0-3 postpartum months. A single blood sample was collected from women at 7-9 am. Serum samples were stored at 2-8⁰C before the prolactin assay by using VIDAS®. Data analysis using Kruskal Wallis followed by Post-Hoc Mann Whitney. Results found a statistically significant difference in serum prolactin levels between underweight vs normoweight and normoweight vs overweight (p0.05), but there was no significant difference in serum prolactin levels between underweight vs overweight (p0.05). Significant differences in serum prolactin levels also found in the nutrient adequacy (energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat) (p 0.05). Thus, normoweight and adequate macronutrient during breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic situation had better serum prolavtin levels than underweight, overweight and inadequate macronutrient.

The experience of pregnant women with HIV: scoping review

HIV attacks human immune system and HIV occurrence during pregnancy is four times higher compared to when not pregnant. ANC visit can help early detection and identify if there is complication related to the mother’s health and the infant’s health. The purpose of this study was the evidence of pregnant women’s experience with HIV. Data sources used databses i.e. Pubmed, Wiley, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. There were 714,336 articles from initial hit publised from 2011-2020, and after filtering process 8 articles were included. This scoping review method was adapted from Arksey and O’Malley. There were 3 themes emerged from this study, which were psychology, coping stress, and the role of medical staffs. Studies stated that participants experience lack of comfortable circumstances, not obtaining sufficient attention and experience violence in the household.

Self-concept of cervical cancer patients after chemotheraphy in Yogyakarta

Cervical cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer that attacks women in the world. One of the treatment efforts for cancer is chemotherapy. Patients with cervical cancer who receive chemotherapy more than twice will experience impaired self-concept. This study aims to determine self-concept in cervical cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy in Yogyakarta. This research uses qualitative method with phenomenology approach. Data collection is done with interview and observation. Participants totaling five people were determined by purposive sampling. The validity of the data used source triangulation and checked the data back to the participants. Analysis of data were by comparing among categories, marking and describing descriptively. The results of the study are 6 themes, namely physical changes, emotional changes, changes in sexual relations, changes in relationships with family, changes in the role of parenting and social changes in society. The impact of chemotherapy causes various changes in cervical cancer patients which make the self-concept of cervical cancer patients undergo changes

The Influence of MEDULA (Education Media for Snakes and Ladders) on Adolescent Knowledge Levels on Reproductive Health

Adolescents have a distinctive characteristic of great curiosity to take risks without careful consideration. This makes teenagers enter susceptible to perform behaviors such as pre-marital sexual behavior which bring many negative effects, physically, psychologically, and socially. Therefore, it is required the availability of reproductive health services that are friendly and appealing to teenagers, such as a playful education by using the ladder snake games, so that the respondents catch much information is submitted. This study was tried to determine the effect of health education with the ladder snake games to students’ knowledge level about adolescent reproductive health. This quasi-experimental study used pre-posttest design with control group. The sample used was 116 students in the secondary school, selected through the total sampling method. Instruments in this study used questionnaires that its validity and reliability had been tested. As well as ladder snakes measuring 2x2 meters. Data were analyzed by nonparametric Statistic test. Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p 0.05) which means there are significant differences in the intervention group before and after health education with snake ladder. This research concluded that there was ladders snake game influence to the students’ knowledge about adolescent reproductive health.