The Impact of Age of Transfer on Outcomes in the Transition From Pediatric to Adult Health Systems: A Systematic Review of Reviews

This systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine housing precarity and homelessness in relation to climate change and weather extremes internationally. In a thematic analysis of 15 reviews (5 systematic and 10 non-systematic), the following themes emerged: risk factors for homelessness/housing precarity, temperature extremes, health concerns, structural factors, natural disasters, and housing. First, an increased risk of homelessness has been found for people who are vulnerably housed and populations in lower socio-economic positions due to energy insecurity and climate change-induced natural hazards. Second, homeless/vulnerably-housed populations are disproportionately exposed to climatic events (temperature extremes and natural disasters). Third, the physical and mental health of homeless/vulnerably-housed populations is projected to be impacted by weather extremes and climate change. Fourth, while green infrastructure may have positive effects for homeless/vulnerably-housed populations, housing remains a major concern in urban environments. Finally, structural changes must be implemented. Recommendations for addressing the impact of climate change on homelessness and housing precarity were generated, including interventions focusing on homelessness/housing precarity and reducing the effects of weather extremes, improved housing and urban planning, and further research on homelessness/housing precarity and climate change. To further enhance the impact of these initiatives, we suggest employing the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

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Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/22280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. e22280

Author(s):

Davide Golinelli ◽

Erik Boetto ◽

Gherardo Carullo ◽

Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese ◽

Maria Paola Landini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Systems ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Publication Date ◽

Patient Needs ◽

The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic is favoring digital transitions in many industries and in society as a whole. Health care organizations have responded to the first phase of the pandemic by rapidly adopting digital solutions and advanced technology tools. Objective The aim of this review is to describe the digital solutions that have been reported in the early scientific literature to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on individuals and health systems. Methods We conducted a systematic review of early COVID-19–related literature (from January 1 to April 30, 2020) by searching MEDLINE and medRxiv with appropriate terms to find relevant literature on the use of digital technologies in response to the pandemic. We extracted study characteristics such as the paper title, journal, and publication date, and we categorized the retrieved papers by the type of technology and patient needs addressed. We built a scoring rubric by cross-classifying the patient needs with the type of technology. We also extracted information and classified each technology reported by the selected articles according to health care system target, grade of innovation, and scalability to other geographical areas. Results The search identified 269 articles, of which 124 full-text articles were assessed and included in the review after screening. Most of the selected articles addressed the use of digital technologies for diagnosis, surveillance, and prevention. We report that most of these digital solutions and innovative technologies have been proposed for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In particular, within the reviewed articles, we identified numerous suggestions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI)–powered tools for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19. Digital technologies are also useful for prevention and surveillance measures, such as contact-tracing apps and monitoring of internet searches and social media usage. Fewer scientific contributions address the use of digital technologies for lifestyle empowerment or patient engagement. Conclusions In the field of diagnosis, digital solutions that integrate with traditional methods, such as AI-based diagnostic algorithms based both on imaging and clinical data, appear to be promising. For surveillance, digital apps have already proven their effectiveness; however, problems related to privacy and usability remain. For other patient needs, several solutions have been proposed, such as telemedicine or telehealth tools. These tools have long been available, but this historical moment may actually be favoring their definitive large-scale adoption. It is worth taking advantage of the impetus provided by the crisis; it is also important to keep track of the digital solutions currently being proposed to implement best practices and models of care in future and to adopt at least some of the solutions proposed in the scientific literature, especially in national health systems, which have proved to be particularly resistant to the digital transition in recent years.

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OP64 The impact of political economy on population health: a systematic review of reviews

10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.65 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

G McCartney ◽

W Hearty ◽

J Arnot ◽

F Popham ◽

A Cumbers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Political Economy ◽

Population Health ◽

Review Of Reviews ◽

The Impact

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The impact of self-monitoring in chronic illness on healthcare utilisation: a systematic review of reviews

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-015-1221-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Hayley McBain ◽

Michael Shipley ◽

Stanton Newman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Illness ◽

Healthcare Utilisation ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Review Of Reviews ◽

The Impact

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The impact of mHealth interventions on health systems: a systematic review protocol

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-016-0387-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jill Fortuin ◽

Faatiema Salie ◽

Leila H. Abdullahi ◽

Tania S. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Systems ◽

Systematic Review Protocol ◽

Review Protocol ◽

The Impact

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Electronic Health Records, Interoperability and Patient Safety in Health Systems of High-income Countries: A Systematic Review Protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044941 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e044941

Author(s):

Edmond Li ◽

Jonathan Clarke ◽

Ana Luisa Neves ◽

Hutan Ashrafian ◽

Ara Darzi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Patient Safety ◽

Electronic Health Records ◽

Health Systems ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

High Income ◽

The Body ◽

Health Records ◽

Electronic Health ◽

The Impact

IntroductionThe availability and routine use of electronic health records (EHRs) have become commonplace in healthcare systems of many high-income countries. While there is an ever-growing body of literature pertaining to their use, evidence surrounding the importance of EHR interoperability and its impact on patient safety remains less clear. There is, therefore, a need and opportunity to evaluate the evidence available regarding this relationship so as to better inform health informatics development and policies in the years to come. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of EHR interoperability on patient safety in health systems of high-income countries.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review will be conducted via a computerised search through four databases: PubMed, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium and PsycInfo for relevant articles published between 2010 and 2020. Outcomes of interest will include impact on patient safety and the broader effects on health systems. Quality of the randomised quantitative studies will be assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Non-randomised papers will be evaluated with the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomised Studies—of Interventions tool. Drummond’s Checklist will be used for publications pertaining to economic evaluation. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence quality appraisal checklist will be used to assess qualitative studies. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for included studies, and the body of evidence will be summarised in a summary of findings table.Ethics and disseminationThis review will summarise published studies with non-identifiable data and, thus, does not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated through preprints, open access peer-reviewed publications, and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209285.

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The impact of economic recessions on health workers: a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis of the evidence from the last 50 years

Health Policy and Planning ◽

10.1093/heapol/czaa180 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giuliano Russo ◽

Tiago Jesus Silva ◽

Zakariah Gassasse ◽

Jonathan Filippon ◽

Arianna Rotulo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

North America ◽

Health Systems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Economic Recessions ◽

The Impact ◽

Best Fit ◽

Best Fit Framework Synthesis

Abstract Economic crises carry a substantial impact on population health and health systems, but little is known on how these transmit to health workers (HWs). Addressing such a gap is timely as HWs are pivotal resources, particularly during pandemics or the ensuing recessions. Drawing from the empirical literature, we aimed to provide a framework for understanding the impact of recessions on HWs and their reactions. We use a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis approach to identify the relevant qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods evidence, and refine an a priori, theory-based conceptual framework. Eight relevant databases were searched, and four reviewers employed to independently review full texts, extract data and appraise the quality of the evidence retrieved. A total of 57 peer-reviewed publications were included, referring to six economic recessions. The 2010–15 Great Recession in Europe was the subject of most (52%) of the papers. Our consolidated framework suggests that recessions transmit to HWs through three channels: (1) an increase in the demand for services; (2) the impacts of austerity measures; and (3) changes in the health labour market. Some of the evidence appeared specific to the context of crises; demand for health services and employment increased during economic recessions in North America and Oceania, but stagnated or declined in Europe in connection with the austerity measures adopted. Burn-out, lay-offs, migration and multiple jobholding were the reactions observed in Europe, but job opportunities never dwindled for physicians during recessions in North America, with nurses re-entering labour markets during such crises. Loss of motivation, absenteeism and abuse of health systems were documented during recessions in low-income countries. Although the impacts of recessions may vary across economic events, health systems, labour markets and policy responses, our review and framework provide an evidence base for policies to mitigate the effects on HWs.

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The impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations and factors shaping how they work: a systematic review of reviews

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10630-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hugh Alderwick ◽

Andrew Hutchings ◽

Adam Briggs ◽

Nicholas Mays

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Population Health ◽

Social Services ◽

Health Care Organizations ◽

Local Health ◽

Local Health Care ◽

Review Of Reviews ◽

Evidence Of Impact ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Policymakers in many countries promote collaboration between health care organizations and other sectors as a route to improving population health. Local collaborations have been developed for decades. Yet little is known about the impact of cross-sector collaboration on health and health equity. Methods We carried out a systematic review of reviews to synthesize evidence on the health impacts of collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations, and to understand the factors affecting how these partnerships functioned. We searched four databases and included 36 studies (reviews) in our review. We extracted data from these studies and used Nvivo 12 to help categorize the data. We assessed risk of bias in the studies using standardized tools. We used a narrative approach to synthesizing and reporting the data. Results The 36 studies we reviewed included evidence on varying forms of collaboration in diverse contexts. Some studies included data on collaborations with broad population health goals, such as preventing disease and reducing health inequalities. Others focused on collaborations with a narrower focus, such as better integration between health care and social services. Overall, there is little convincing evidence to suggest that collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations improves health outcomes. Evidence of impact on health services is mixed. And evidence of impact on resource use and spending are limited and mixed. Despite this, many studies report on factors associated with better or worse collaboration. We grouped these into five domains: motivation and purpose, relationships and cultures, resources and capabilities, governance and leadership, and external factors. But data linking factors in these domains to collaboration outcomes is sparse. Conclusions In theory, collaboration between local health care and non-health care organizations might contribute to better population health. But we know little about which kinds of collaborations work, for whom, and in what contexts. The benefits of collaboration may be hard to deliver, hard to measure, and overestimated by policymakers. Ultimately, local collaborations should be understood within their macro-level political and economic context, and as one component within a wider system of factors and interventions interacting to shape population health.

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