Variant in RGS2 moderates posttraumatic stress symptoms following potentially traumatic event exposure

AbstractThis study investigates if perceived self-efficacy during an emergency situation has a protective role in the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms among Italian and Spanish survivors of several emergency situations. We explored the impact of self-efficacy in a multiple regression model including other predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms, such as emergency prevention knowledge; trust in emergency services; risk perception of becoming a victim of an emergency situation; and conscious and active behaviors in comparison with no conscious and no active behavior during the emergency. We carried out a retrospective study recruiting 214 participants who reported their experience as victims of one specific emergency event. Results showed that survivors who perceived themselves as more self-efficacious during the traumatic event had less posttraumatic stress symptoms. In contrast, female gender, more self-threat perception and higher trauma severity were associated with more symptoms. Findings contribute to better understand human behavior in emergency situations and evidence the protective role of perceived self-efficacy beliefs among survivors of emergency situations.

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in a Population of Rural Children in South Africa

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1999.85.2.646 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 646-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Karl Peltzer

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Unexpected Death ◽

Loved One ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Age Range

The purpose of the study was to identify exposure to experiences such as violence and the consequences for health in children in a rural South African community. The stratified random sample included 148 children below 17 yr., which comprised 68 (46%) boys and 80 (54%) girls in the age range of 6 to 16 years ( M = 12.1 yr., SD = 3.1). Their ethnicity was Northern Sotho. The interviews included the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory and the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. The experiences could be grouped into either traumatic or other events. 99 (67%) had directly or vicariously experienced a traumatic event which included witnessing someone killed or seriously injured, serious accident, violent or very unexpected death or suicide of loved one, sexual abuse or rape of relative or friend, violent crime, child abuse, and other life-threatening situations. Scores on the Children's Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Inventory of 17 (8.4%) fulfilled the criterion for posttraumatic stress disorder. 71% had more than one score and 53% had more than four scores on the Reporting Questionnaire for Children. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were significantly related to age and experiences such as those mentioned above.

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Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Polyvictimized Women in the Colombian Armed Conflict: The Mediating Role of Social Acknowledgment

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.741917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

José Luis González-Castro ◽

Silvia Ubillos-Landa ◽

Alicia Puente-Martínez ◽

Marcela Gracia-Leiva ◽

Gina Marcela Arias-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Armed Conflict ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

Post War ◽

The Impact

For decades, in a situation of armed conflict in Colombia, women have suffered polyvictimization and discrimination with severe consequences that last even during the post-war peace process. This study analyzes the impact on posttraumatic stress and recovery of war-related violence against women, discrimination, and social acknowledgment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019–2020. Participants were 148 women with a mean age of 47.66years (range 18–83), contacted through the NGO Ruta Pacifica de las Mujeres who had experienced significant personal violence. Results show that levels of perceived discrimination and lack of social acknowledgment are mediators in the relationship between polyvictimization and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Recognition by significant others, disapproval by family and the larger social milieu affects different posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dimensions and therefore how these women adapt to the effects of trauma. Findings provide strong evidence that the way society and family treats women after a traumatic event affects how the victim recovers from this event. Recognition as a victim and disapproval can coexist and be a burden for women if not adequately addressed. Results stress the importance of understanding and intervening in PTSD recovery through the analysis of social processes, and not only through and individual focus.

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The Association Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Anxiety Sensitivity in a College Sample

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294120948227 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 003329412094822

Author(s):

Nicole M. Caulfield ◽

Rachel L. Martin ◽

Aaron M. Norr ◽

Daniel W. Capron

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Ptsd Symptom ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Physical Symptoms ◽

Symptom Clusters ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Stress Symptoms

Background/Objectives One-half of all U.S. adults will experience at least one traumatic event, and of those, approximately 11% develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Despite efficacious treatments for PTSD, one-third of people diagnosed still express symptoms after treatment.Thus, it is important to identify underlying factors that may be associated with PTSD symptom clusters to improve treatment efficacy. One potential factor is anxiety sensitivity (AS), or “the fear of fear,” and includes three different subfactors: physical, cognitive, and social concerns, yet few studies have examined this association using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3. Method Participants included 65 undergraduate students from a Southeastern University who were elevated on anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and experienced at least one traumatic event. Participants completed measures of trauma exposure, anxiety sensitivity, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Results Results revealed that AS physical symptoms had the most robust association with potential PTSD symptoms and individual PTSD symptom clusters with the exception of the avoidance and numbing cluster Conclusions These findings may help clarify the nature of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and AS using the most updated measure of AS (ASI-3).

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Longitudinal association between infant disorganized attachment and childhood posttraumatic stress symptoms

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579408000242 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 493-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Helen Z. MacDonald ◽

Marjorie Beeghly ◽

Wanda Grant-Knight ◽

Marilyn Augustyn ◽

Ryan W. Woods ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Trauma Exposure ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Disorganized Attachment ◽

Clinical Psychologist ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

History Of

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether children with a history of disorganized attachment in infancy were more likely than children without a history of disorganized attachment to exhibit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at school age following trauma exposure. The sample consisted of 78 8.5-year-old children from a larger, ongoing prospective study evaluating the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) on children's growth and development from birth to adolescence. At the 12-month visit, children's attachment status was scored from videotapes of infant–caregiver dyads in Ainsworth's strange situation. At the 8.5-year visit, children were administered the Violence Exposure Scale—Revised, a child-report trauma exposure inventory, and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents by an experienced clinical psychologist masked to children's attachment status and IUCE status. Sixteen of the 78 children (21%) were classified as insecure–disorganized/insecure–other at 12 months. Poisson regressions covarying IUCE, gender, and continuity of maternal care indicated that disorganized attachment status at 12 months, compared with nondisorganized attachment status, significantly predicted both higher avoidance cluster PTSD symptoms and higher reexperiencing cluster PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that the quality of early dyadic relationships may be linked to differences in children's later development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic event.

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Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms after civilian or deployment traumatic event experiences.

Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy ◽

10.1037/tra0000147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 138-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

David S. Fink ◽

Sarah Lowe ◽

Gregory H. Cohen ◽

Laura A. Sampson ◽

Robert J. Ursano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Stress Symptoms

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Longitudinal association between infant disorganized attachment and childhood posttraumatic stress symptoms

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579408000643 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 1351-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Helen Z. Macdonald ◽

Marjorie Beeghly ◽

Wanda Grant-Knight ◽

Marilyn Augustyn ◽

Ryan W. Woods ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Trauma Exposure ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Disorganized Attachment ◽

Clinical Psychologist ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

History Of

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether children with a history of disorganized attachment in infancy were more likely than children without a history of disorganized attachment to exhibit symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at school age following trauma exposure. The sample consisted of 78 8.5-year-old children from a larger, ongoing prospective study evaluating the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure (IUCE) on children's growth and development from birth to adolescence. At the 12-month visit, children's attachment status was scored from videotapes of infant–caregiver dyads in Ainsworth's strange situation. At the 8.5-year visit, children were administered the Violence Exposure Scale—Revised, a child-report trauma exposure inventory, and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents by an experienced clinical psychologist masked to children's attachment status and IUCE status. Sixteen of the 78 children (21%) were classified as insecure–disorganized/insecure–other at 12 months. Poisson regressions covarying IUCE, gender, and continuity of maternal care indicated that disorganized attachment status at 12 months, compared with nondisorganized attachment status, significantly predicted both higher avoidance cluster PTSD symptoms and higher reexperiencing cluster PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest that the quality of early dyadic relationships may be linked to differences in children's later development of posttraumatic stress symptoms following a traumatic event.

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