Quantitative assays of two soil-borne pathogens of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., Sclerotium rolfsii and Mucor circinelloides, in the main cultivation areas of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 100343
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Zihua Huang ◽  
Mingzhu Li ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Yaping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaelii

scholarly journals The resistance of peanut to soil-borne pathogens improved by rhizosphere probiotics under calcium treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bo-wen Zhang ◽  
Jie-fu Deng ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Tu-yong Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing

Abstract Background Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and economic crop. Calcium modulates plants in response to abiotic stresses and improves plant resistance to pathogens. Enrichment of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere is associated with plant disease resistance and soil development. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in peanut rhizosphere microbial community structure between the calcium treatment and the control during two growth stages and to explain why calcium application could improve the resistance of peanuts to soil-borne pathogens. Results The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing of rhizosphere microbiome showed that calcium application significantly enriched Serratia marcescens and other three dominant strains at the seedling stage. At the pod filling stage, ten dominant stains such as Sphingomonas changbaiensis and Novosphingobium panipatense were enriched by calcium. Serratia marcescens aseptic fermentation filtrate was mixed with PDA medium and inoculated with the main soil-borne pathogens in the seedling stage, which could inhibit the growth of Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus. The aseptic fermentation filtrate of Novosphingobium panipatense was mixed with PDA medium and inoculated with the main soil-borne pathogens in the pod filling stage, which could inhibit the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and Leptosphaerulina arachidicola. Conclusions Calcium application increases the resistance of peanuts to soil-borne pathogens by enriching them with specific dominant bacteria.

scholarly journals Use of tricho-compost and tricho-leachate for management of soil-borne pathogens and production of healthy cabbage seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Nahar ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MG Kibria ◽  
ANM Rezaul Karim ◽  
SA Miller
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Highly Effective

Tricho-compost, a Trichoderma based compost fertilizer, was developed by mixing a definite concentration of spore suspension of a Trichoderma harzianum strain with measured amounts of processed raw materials, such as cowdung, poultry refuse, water hyacinth, vegetable wastes, sawdust, maize bran, and molasses. Tricho-leachate, a liquid by-product of the Tricho-compost, was obtained during decomposition of Tricho-compost materials. These bioproducts were tested both in the laboratory and in seedbed nurseries to evaluate their effectiveness against soil-borne pathogens for growing cabbage seedlings. Application of Tricho-compost and Tricho-leachate reduced the seedling mortalities of cabbage caused by Sclerotium rolfsii by about 98%. In laboratory tests, Trichoderma harzianum, after re-isolation from Tricho-compost and tricho-leachate, was also found to be highly effective to arrest the growth of S. rolfsii. T. harzianum destroyed the radial growth of S. rolfsii mycelium by 59.7% after five days, and effected total destruction of the mycelium in 10 days. In seedbed nurseries, soil applications of Tricho-compost and Tricho-leachate significantly increased the seedling germination rate and reduced the incidence of soil-borne diseases and infestation of root-knot nematodes. Field experiment showed that combined application of Tricho-compost and Tricho-leachate reduced the seedling mortalities by 40.9% to 64.5% in Gazipur and 53.3% to 62.1% in Bogra. Application of Tricho-leachate at 500 ml per sq. metre increased plant weight by about 55.6%, and reduced the seedling mortality by about 84.0% in Gazipur. Seedbed nurseries treated with Tricho-compost and Tricho-leachate had only Pythium spp as a soil-borne pathogen, whereas the control plot had as many as four soil-borne pathogens -Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium and Fusarium spp. Use of richo-compost and Tricho-leachate also reduced the infestation of root-knot nematode by about 80.7% to 91.0%. The results clearly showed that use of Tricho-compost and Tricho-leachate is highly effective for production of healthy cabbage seedlings. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14390 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 653-664, December 2012

scholarly journals The Resistance of Peanut to Soil-Borne Pathogens Improved by Rhizosphere Probiotics Under Calcium Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bo-wen Zhang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Tu-yong Yi ◽  
Yan-yun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Calcium Treatment ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and economic crop. Calcium can regulate plant autoimmunity, respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improve plant resistance to pathogens. The enrichment of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere is related to plant disease resistance and soil development. The purpose was to analyze the differences of peanut rhizosphere microbial community structure between calcium treatment and control during two growth stages, and the reason that calcium application could improve peanut’s resistance to soil-borne pathogens.. Results: The 16S amplicon sequencing of rhizosphere microbiome showed that calcium application significantly enriched Serratia marcescens and other three dominant strains at the seedling stage. At the pod filling stage, ten dominant stains such as Sphingomonas changbaiensis and Novosphingobium panipatense were enriched by calcium. Serratia marcescens aseptic fermentation filtrate was mixed with PDA medium and inoculated with soil-borne pathogens, which could inhibit the growth of Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus at the seedling stage. The fermentation filtrate of Novosphingobium panipatense was mixed with PDA medium and inoculated with main pathogens, which could inhibit the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii and Leptosphaerulina arachidicola.Conclusions: Calcium application enhanced the ability of peanuts to resist pathogens by enriching specific dominant bacteria.

scholarly journals First Report of Damping-Off Caused by Mucor circinelloides on Aconitum carmichaelii in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. PDIS-02-20-0359
Author(s):  
L. Cui ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
M. Li
Keyword(s):  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
First Report ◽  
Aconitum Carmichaelii

scholarly journals Uji Antagonisme Trichoderma harzianum Dan Azotobacter chroococcum Terhadap Rhyzoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii dan Fusarium oxysporum secara in-vitro

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marthin Kalay ◽  
Abraham Talahaturuson ◽  
Wilhemina Rumahlewang
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Biological Fertilizer ◽  
In Vitro Treatment

Damage to plants by pathogenic fungi is often found in nurseries and field. Biological control offers a promising alternative for managing diseases in plants because they are environmentally friendly compared to pesticides. The aim of the study was to test the power of the antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Azotobacter chroococcum on solid organic media "TRIAZOTE"  which had been stored for five months against R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. oxysporium pathogens. In-vitro treatment tested the power of antagonism of T. harzianum and A. chroococcum on growth of R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. Oxysporum pathogens. The results showed that T. harzianum in "TRIAZOTE" which had been stored for five months could inhibit pathogenic growth R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. oxysporum by 54.57%, 66.22%, and 68,57% respectively. While A. chroococcum did not significantly inhibit pathogenic growth of R. solani (11.02%), S. rolfsii (9.09%) and F. oxyprorum (10.99%). To control the disease in plants, especially those caused by soil borne pathogens R. solani, S. rolfsii and F. oxyprorum, can use biological fertilizer "TRIAZOTE" even though it has been stored for five months

Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum ◽  
Active Substances

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

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