High-latitude methane sulphonic acid variability and solar activity: the role of the total solar irradiance

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Mendoza ◽  
Victor Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sulphonic Acid ◽  
Methane Sulphonic Acid

scholarly journals A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene <sup>14</sup>C and CO<sub>2</sub> records: implications of data and model uncertainties

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1879-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roth ◽  
F. Joos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Production Model ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
The Holocene

Abstract. Radiocarbon production, solar activity, total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar-induced climate change are reconstructed for the Holocene (10 to 0 kyr BP), and TSI is predicted for the next centuries. The IntCal09/SHCal04 radiocarbon and ice core CO2 records, reconstructions of the geomagnetic dipole, and instrumental data of solar activity are applied in the Bern3D-LPJ, a fully featured Earth system model of intermediate complexity including a 3-D dynamic ocean, ocean sediments, and a dynamic vegetation model, and in formulations linking radiocarbon production, the solar modulation potential, and TSI. Uncertainties are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations and bounding scenarios. Transient climate simulations span the past 21 thousand years, thereby considering the time lags and uncertainties associated with the last glacial termination. Our carbon-cycle-based modern estimate of radiocarbon production of 1.7 atoms cm−2 s−1 is lower than previously reported for the cosmogenic nuclide production model by Masarik and Beer (2009) and is more in-line with Kovaltsov et al. (2012). In contrast to earlier studies, periods of high solar activity were quite common not only in recent millennia, but throughout the Holocene. Notable deviations compared to earlier reconstructions are also found on decadal to centennial timescales. We show that earlier Holocene reconstructions, not accounting for the interhemispheric gradients in radiocarbon, are biased low. Solar activity is during 28% of the time higher than the modern average (650 MeV), but the absolute values remain weakly constrained due to uncertainties in the normalisation of the solar modulation to instrumental data. A recently published solar activity–TSI relationship yields small changes in Holocene TSI of the order of 1 W m−2 with a Maunder Minimum irradiance reduction of 0.85 ± 0.16 W m−2. Related solar-induced variations in global mean surface air temperature are simulated to be within 0.1 K. Autoregressive modelling suggests a declining trend of solar activity in the 21st century towards average Holocene conditions.

scholarly journals The Total Solar Irradiance, UV Emission and Magnetic Flux during the Last Solar Cycle Minimum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Benevolenskaya ◽  
I. G. Kostuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Sunspot Activity ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Uv Emission ◽  
Surface Rotation ◽  
Spectral Solar Irradiance

We have analyzed the total solar irradiance (TSI) and the spectral solar irradiance as ultraviolet emission (UV) in the wavelength range 115–180 nm, observed with the instruments TIM and SOLSTICE within the framework of SORCE (the solar radiation and climate experiment) during the long solar minimum between the 23rd and 24th cycles. The wavelet analysis reveals an increase in the magnetic flux in the latitudinal zone of the sunspot activity, accompanied with an increase in the TSI and UV on the surface rotation timescales of solar activity complexes. In-phase coherent structures between the midlatitude magnetic flux and TSI/UV appear when the long-lived complexes of the solar activity are present. These complexes, which are related to long-lived sources of magnetic fields under the photosphere, are maintained by magnetic fluxes reappearing in the same longitudinal regions. During the deep solar minimum (the period of the absence of sunspots), a coherent structure has been found, in which the phase between the integrated midlatitude magnetic flux is ahead of the total solar irradiance on the timescales of the surface rotation.

Direct Influence of Solar Spectral Irradiance on the High-Latitude Surface Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 4145-4158
Author(s):  
Xianwen Jing ◽  
Xianglei Huang ◽  
Xiuhong Chen ◽  
Dong L. Wu ◽  
Peter Pilewskie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Spectral Irradiance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Spectral Solar Irradiance

AbstractNot only total solar irradiance (TSI) but also spectral solar irradiance (SSI) matter for our climate. Different surfaces can have different reflectivity for the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR). The recent NASA Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS-1) mission has provided more accurate SSI observations than before. The TSI observed by TSIS-1 differs from the counterpart used by climate models by no more than 1 W m−2. However, the SSI difference in a given VIS (e.g., 0.44–0.63 μm) and NIR (e.g., 0.78–1.24 μm) band can be as large as 4 W m−2 with opposite signs. Using the NCAR CESM2, we study to what extent such different VIS and NIR SSI partitions can affect the simulated climate. Two sets of simulations with identical TSI are carried out, one with SSI partitioning as observed by the TSIS-1 mission and the other with what has been used in the current climate models. Due to different VIS-NIR spectral reflectance contrasts between icy (or snowy) surfaces and open water, the simulation with more SSI in the VIS has less solar absorption by the high-latitude surfaces, ending up with colder polar surface temperature and larger sea ice coverage. The difference is more prominent over the Antarctic than over the Arctic. Our results suggest that, even for the identical TSI, the surface albedo feedback can be triggered by different SSI partition between the VIS and NIR. The results underscore the importance of continuously monitoring SSI and the use of correct SSI in climate simulations.

Some thoughts on Sun—weather relations

1990 ◽  
Vol 330 (1615) ◽  
pp. 543-545 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Greenhouse Warming

Recent measurements of variations in the total solar irradiance now offer a quantitative mechanism through which year-to-year changes in solar activity may influence surface temperature. It follows that at least a part of the global warming of the last century could be ascribed to changes in solar output, and that effects of solar radiative forcing may need to be taken into account in predictions of greenhouse warming. A number of questions still remain, however, before this thesis rests on a firm foundation.

scholarly journals Modeling of the atmospheric response to a strong decrease of the solar activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S286) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene V. Rozanov ◽  
Tatiana A. Egorova ◽  
Alexander I. Shapiro ◽  
Werner K. Schmutz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Strong Decrease ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Geographical Regions

AbstractWe estimate the consequences of a potential strong decrease of the solar activity using the model simulations of the future driven by pure anthropogenic forcing as well as its combination with different solar activity related factors: total solar irradiance, spectral solar irradiance, energetic electron precipitation, solar protons and galactic cosmic rays. The comparison of the model simulations shows that introduced strong decrease of solar activity can lead to some delay of the ozone recovery and partially compensate greenhouse warming acting in the direction opposite to anthropogenic effects. The model results also show that all considered solar forcings are important in different atmospheric layers and geographical regions. However, in the global scale the solar irradiance variability can be considered as the most important solar forcing. The obtained results constitute probably the upper limit of the possible solar influence. Development of the better constrained set of future solar forcings is necessary to address the problem of future climate and ozone layer with more confidence.

scholarly journals A reconstruction of radiocarbon production and total solar irradiance from the Holocene <sup>14</sup>C and CO<sub>2</sub> records: implications of data and model uncertainties

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1165-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Roth ◽  
F. Joos
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Past

Abstract. Past atmospheric CO2 concentrations reconstructed from polar ice cores combined with its Δ14C signature as conserved in tree-rings provide important information both on the cycling of carbon as well as the production of radiocarbon (Q) in the atmosphere. The latter is modulated by changes in the strength of the magnetic field enclosed in the solar wind and is a proxy for past changes in solar activity. We perform transient carbon-cycle simulations spanning the past 21 kyr using Bern3D-LPX, a fully featured Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity (EMIC) with a 3-D ocean, sediment and a dynamic vegetation model. Using the latest atmospheric IntCal09/SHCal04 radiocarbon records, we reconstruct the Holocene radiocarbon fluxes and the total production rate. Our carbon-cycle based modern estimate of Q ≈ 1.7 atoms cm−2 s−1 is lower than previously reported by Masarik and Beer (2009) and more in line with Kovaltsov et al. (2012). Q is then translated into the solar modulation potential (Φ) using the latest geomagnetic field reconstruction and linked to a recent reanalysis of early instrumental data. In contrast to earlier reconstructions, our record suggests that periods of high solar activity (>600 MeV) were quite common not only in recent millennia but throughout the Holocene. Solar activity in our decadally-smoothed record is during 28% of the time higher than the modern average of 650 MeV during the past 9 ka. But due to considerable uncertainties in the normalization of Φ to instrumental data, the absolute value of Φ remains weakly constrained. Further, our simulations with a spatially resolved model (taking the interhemispheric Δ14C gradient into account) show that reconstructions that rely on the Northern Hemisphere 14C record only are biased towards low values during the Holocene. Notable deviations on decadal-to-centennial time scales are also found in comparison with earlier reconstructions. In a last step, past total solar irradiance (TSI) is quantified using a recently published Φ-TSI relationship yielding small changes in Holocene TSI of order 1 W m−2 with a Maunder Minimum irradiance reduction of 0.85 ± 0.17 W m−2. Future extension of TSI using autoregressive modeling suggest a declining solar activity in the next decades towards average Holocene conditions. Past TSI changes are finally translated into changes in surfaces atmospheric temperature (SAT) by forcing the Bern3D-LPX model with our new TSI record, yielding SAT anomalies of less than 0.1 K.

scholarly journals Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the Last Millennium (v1.1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2451-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schmidt ◽  
J. H. Jungclaus ◽  
C. M. Ammann ◽  
E. Bard ◽  
P. Braconnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Historical Land Use

Abstract. We update the forcings for the PMIP3 experiments for the Last Millennium to include a new assessment of historical land use changes and discuss new suggestions for calibrating solar activity proxies to total solar irradiance.

scholarly journals Climate forcing reconstructions for use in PMIP simulations of the Last Millennium (v1.1)

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Schmidt ◽  
J. H. Jungclaus ◽  
C. M. Ammann ◽  
E. Bard ◽  
P. Braconnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Historical Land Use

Abstract. We update the forcings for the PMIP3 experiments for the Last Millennium to include new assessments of historical land use changes and discuss new suggestions for calibrating solar activity proxies to total solar irradiance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document