Quantifying the ranges of relative motions of the intervertebral discs and facet joints in the normal cervical spine

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 110023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Wang ◽  
Chaochao Zhou ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Tsung-Yuan Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Relative Motions

Analysis of the uncinate processes of the cervical spine: an anatomical study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Olivia J. Rompala ◽  
Ketan Verma ◽  
Martin M. Mortazavi ◽  
Brion Benninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Uncinate Process ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Intervertebral Foramen ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
Arthritic Changes

Object Although the uncovertebral region is neurosurgically relevant, relatively little is reported in the literature, specifically the neurosurgical literature, regarding its anatomy. Therefore, the present study aimed at further elucidation of this region's morphological features. Methods Morphometry was performed on the uncinate processes of 40 adult human skeletons. Additionally, range of motion testing was performed, with special attention given to the uncinate processes. Finally, these excrescences were classified based on their encroachment on the adjacent intervertebral foramen. Results The height of these processes was on average 4.8 mm, and there was an inverse relationship between height of the uncinate process and the size of the intervertebral foramen. Degeneration of the vertebral body (VB) did not correlate with whether the uncinate process effaced the intervertebral foramen. The taller uncinate processes tended to be located below C-3 vertebral levels, and their average anteroposterior length was 8 mm. The average thickness was found to be 4.9 mm for the base and 1.8 mm for the apex. There were no significant differences found between vertebral level and thickness of the uncinate process. Arthritic changes of the cervical VBs did not necessarily deform the uncinate processes. With axial rotation, the intervertebral discs were noted to be driven into the ipsilateral uncinate process. With lateral flexion, the ipsilateral uncinate processes aided the ipsilateral facet joints in maintaining the integrity of the ipsilateral intervertebral foramen. Conclusions A good appreciation for the anatomy of the uncinate processes is important to the neurosurgeon who operates on the spine. It is hoped that the data presented herein will decrease complications during surgical approaches to the cervical spine.

scholarly journals Development of differentiated surgical technique for treating patients with multilevel degenerative diseases of cervical spine

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
V. A. Byvaltsev ◽  
A. A. Kalinin ◽  
M. A. Aliyev ◽  
V. V. Shepelev ◽  
B. R. Yusupov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
On Line ◽  
Surgical Tactics

Background. Currently, there is no uniform tactics for the differentiated use of dorsal decompressive-stabilizing techniques for multilevel degenerative diseases of the cervical spine, and the results of these technologies application are largely controversial.Aim. Analysis of the unsatisfactory outcomes of dorsal decompressive-stabilizing interventions in the treatment of patients with multilevel degenerative diseases of the cervical spine and development of a clinicalinstrumental algorithm for differentiated surgical tactics.Material and methods. A retrospective study included 112 patients with degenerative diseases of the cervical spine at two levels or more due to hernias of intervertebral discs, yellow ligament hypertrophy and arthrosis of facet joints, which in 2007-2014 underwent dorsal decompressive-stabilizing interventions in the volume of laminotomy with laminoplasty (LP) and laminectomy with fixation for lateral masses (LF). A correlation analysis of clinical parameters with anamnestic data, instrumental parameters, a feature of accepted surgical tactics and postoperative adverse effects.Results. In the analysis, it was established that «satisfactory» postoperative outcomes of LP are associated with a neutral or lordotic configuration of the cervical spine, the preservation of segmental movements without clinical and instrumental signs of instability; In addition, the use of LF is possible with mobile kyphotization of the cervical spine and the presence of translational instability of the cervical segments. The «unsatisfactory» postoperative results of the LP and LF are in direct correlation with the duration of the disease, the presence of myelopathic focus and rigid kyphosis of the cervical region.Conclusion. Differential use of dorsal decompressive-stabilizing techniques based on a comprehensive assessment of disease duration, configuration of the cervical spine, spinal cord condition and volume of segmental movements allows to reduce neurological symptoms, improve the level of pain and improve the functional status of patients, as well as significantly reduce the number of adverse outcomes associated with the progression of kyphotic deformity, deterioration of neurological symptoms and revision on-line decompressive-stabilizing interventions. 

A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF FLEXION ANGLE ON THE INDUCTION MECHANISM OF CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150053
Author(s):  
FU CAO ◽  
RONGCHANG FU ◽  
WENYUAN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
Spine Motion ◽  
Wolff’S Law

Lesions in facet joints such as bone hyperplasia and degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs, can compress nerve roots and the spinal cord, leading to cervical spondylosis (CS). Lesions in these parts of the spine are commonly related to abnormal loads caused by bad posture of the cervical spine. This study aimed to understand the potential mechanical effects of load amplitude on cervical spine motion to provide a theoretical basis for the biomechanical causes of CS, and to provide a reference for preventing of the condition. In this study, a finite element model of the normal human cervical spine (C1-C7) was established and validated using an infrared motion capture system to analyze the effects of flexion angle on the stresses experienced by intervertebral discs, the anterior edge of the vertebral body, the pedicle, uncinate and facet joints. Our analysis indicated that the intervertebral disc load increased by at least 70% during the 20∘ to 45∘ flexion of the neck with 121% load increase in the vertebrae. In the intervertebral discs, the stress was largest at C4-C5, and the stress was moderate at C5-C6. These results are consistent with clinical CS prone site research. According to Wolff’s law, when bones are placed under large stresses, hyperplasia can result to allow adaptation to large loads. Increased cervical spine flexion angles caused the proliferation of bone in the above-mentioned parts of the spine and can accelerate accelerating the appearance of CS.

scholarly journals A Review on Diagnosis and Management of Cervical Spondylosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 668-674
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdulaziz G. Ibrahim ◽  
Ali Mohammed A. Alahmari ◽  
Abdullah Hassan F. Alsuayri ◽  
Abdullah Misfer M. Algomshah ◽  
Saeed Ghanem S. Almlfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Cervical Radiculopathy ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Wide Range

Cervical spondylosis is a term that encompasses a wide range of progressive degenerative changes that affect all components of the cervical spine (i.e., intervertebral discs, facet joints, Luschka joints, flava ligaments, and laminae). It is a natural aging process and occurs in most people after the age of five. Most people with radiographic spondylotic changes in the cervical spine  remain asymptomatic, and 25% of those under  40, 50% of those over  40, and 85% of those over  60 show some evidence of degenerative changes , including changes in  the environment. Uncovertebral joints, facet joints, posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) and yellow ligament lead to  narrowing of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramina. As a result, the spinal cord, spinal vasculature, and nerve roots can become compressed, leading to the three clinical syndromes that occur with cervical spondylosis: axial neck pain, cervical myelopathy, and cervical radiculopathy. Cervical spondylosis is usually diagnosed for clinical reasons only, but imaging is also required. Treatment for cervical spondylosis can be medical or surgical, depending on whether the patient has symptoms of myelopathy, radicular pain, or neck pain.

scholarly journals Tropism of Sub-Axial Cervical Facet Joints Is Not Related to Segmental Movement during Active Movement or Therapist-Perceived Symptomatic Locations

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Neil Tuttle ◽  
Kerrie Evans ◽  
Clarice Sperotto dos Santos Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Segmental Mobility ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Translational Movement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cervical Facet ◽  
The Relationship

Tropism, or asymmetry, of facet joints in the cervical spine has been found to be related to degenerative changes of the joints and discs. Clinicians often assume that differences in segmental mobility are related to tropism. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between asymmetry of facet joints in the sub-axial cervical spine and (1) segmental mobility and (2) spinal levels perceived by therapists to have limited mobility. Eighteen participants with idiopathic neck pain had MRIs of their cervical spine in neutral and at the end of active rotation. Angular movement and translational movement of each motion segment was calculated from 3D segmentations of the vertebrae. A plane was fitted to the facet on each side. Tropism was considered to be the difference in the orientation of the facet planes and ranged from 1 to 30° with a median of 7.7°. No relationships were found between the extent of tropism and either segmental movement or locations deemed to be symptomatic. Tropism in the sub-axial cervical spine does not appear to be related to segmental mobility in rotation or to levels deemed to be symptomatic.

scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative assessment of degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs and facet joints

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-370
Author(s):  
Joris Walraevens ◽  
Baoge Liu ◽  
Joke Meersschaert ◽  
Philippe Demaerel ◽  
Hans Delye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Imaging Occult Lesions in the Cervical Spine Facet Joints

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Uhrenholt ◽  
Edith Nielsen ◽  
Annie Vesterby Charles ◽  
Ellen Hauge ◽  
Markil Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Facet Joints

scholarly journals Overview on Percutaneous Therapies of Disc Diseases

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Masala ◽  
Salimei ◽  
Lacchè ◽  
Marcia ◽  
Massari
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Facet Joints ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Percutaneous Procedures ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Great Share

Low back pain is an extremely common pathology affecting a great share of the population, in particular, young adults. Many structures can be responsible for pain such as intervertebral discs, facet joints, nerve roots, and sacroiliac joints. This review paper focuses on disc pathology and the percutaneous procedures available to date for its treatment. For each option, we will assess the indications, technical aspects, advantages, and complications, as well as outcomes reported in the literature and new emerging trends in the field.

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