Richard Parkinson: Observer of the people of the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands: 1882–1907

HOMO ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
The People ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago

Integrating indigenous ecological knowledge and customary sea tenure with marine and social science for conservation of bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) in the Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHANKAR ASWANI ◽  
RICHARD J. HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Lunar Periodicity ◽  
The People ◽  
Indigenous Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Sea Tenure ◽  
Bolbometopon Muricatum

Indigenous ecological knowledge and customary sea tenure may be integrated with marine and social science to conserve the bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) in the Roviana Lagoon, Western Solomon Islands. Three aspects of indigenous ecological knowledge in Roviana were identified as most relevant for the management and conservation of bumphead parrotfish, and studied through a combination of marine science and anthropological methods. These were (1) local claims that fishing pressure has had a significant impact on bumphead parrotfish populations in the Roviana Lagoon; (2) the claim that only small bumphead parrotfish were ever seen or captured in the inner lagoon and that very small fish were restricted to specific shallow inner-lagoon nursery regions; and (3) assertions made by local divers that bumphead parrotfish predominantly aggregated at night around the new moon period and that catches were highest at that time. The research supported claims (1) and (2), but did not support proposition (3). Although the people of the Roviana Lagoon had similar conceptions about their entitlement rights to sea space, there were marked differences among regional villages in their opinions regarding governance and actual operational rules of management in the Lagoon. Contemporary differences in management strategies resulted from people's historical and spatial patterns of settlement across the landscape and adjoining seascapes, and the attendant impact of these patterns on property relations. This was crucial in distinguishing between those villages that held secure tenure over their contiguous sea estates from those that did not. Indigenous ecological knowledge served to (1) verify that the bumphead parrotfish was a species in urgent need of protection; (2) explain how different habitats structured the size distribution of bumphead parrotfish; (3) identify sensitive locations and habitats in need of protection; and (4) explain the effect of lunar periodicity on bumphead parrotfish behaviour and catch rates. Secure customary sea tenure identified locations best suited to bumphead parrotfish management programmes, with a greater likelihood for local participation and programme success. The information was used to establish two marine protected areas in the region for bumphead parrotfish conservation.

Electrophoretic characterization of Solomon Islands populations of Nyctimene and Rousettus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae).

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Macaranas ◽  
D Colgan ◽  
S Ingleby
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Two Populations

The taxonomic status of fruitbats belonging to the genera Nyctimene and Rousettus from the Solomon Islands was investigated using allozyme electrophoresis. Two populations from the Bismarck Archipelago (Papua New Guinea) were included as reference profiles. The allozyme data at 23 loci assigned all specimens into either Nyctimene albiventer or Nyctimene major. The N. albiventer specimens comprised two subspecies, N. a. papuanus from the Bismarck Archipelago and N. a. bougainville from the Solomon Islands. No support was evident for bougainville being a separate species, and indeed the data suggest that N. a. bougainville encompasses the previously described species N. malaita and subspecies N. a. minor. Genetic distances between populations of R. amplexicaudatus from the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands were generally low, supporting recent morphological assessments that the subspecies hedigeri, from the majority of the Solomon Islands, should be considered synonymous with subspecies brachyotis. An individual from Choiseul (Solomon Islands) with a distinctive allozyme profile is the only evidence of taxonomic complexity in R. amplexicaudatus.

The Aphodiinae of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands (Coleoptera : Scarabaeoidea)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. T. Stebnicka
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago

Fifty-five species are discussed, keyed and illustrated, including 17 species described as new: Airapus gazelle, A. hollandiae, A. nondugli, A. popondettae, A. wampuensis, A. wauus, Aphodius pseudoreichei, Ataenius warisensis, Cnematoplatys torricellensis, Rhyparus anneae, R. edieae, R. henryi, R. mokaiensis, R. sepikensis, R. sinewitensis, Saprosites enarotadii, S. komumi. Nine species are synonymised: Ataenius canaliculatus Schmidt and Euparia wonga Stebnicka [= Airapus granulator (Harold)]; Euparia frankenbergeri Balthasar and E. spuria Krikken [= Airapus parvispinus (Schmidt)]; E. papuana Petrovitz [= Airapus spinator (Harold)]; Rhyparus australiae Lea, R. orousseti Paulian and R. risbeci Paulian (= R. helophoroides Fairmaire); Saprosites ullrichi Stebnicka (= S. fodori Endrödi). Eleven of the New Guinean species also occur on mainland Australia; the remainder are mostly endemic to New Guinea and its adjacent islands.

A Grammar of the Lau Language, North East Coast of Big Mala, Solomon Islands

1929 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-343
Author(s):  
W. G. Ivens
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
The Hill ◽  
North End

The Lau language is spoken by the inhabitants of the “ artificial islands ” in the lagoon off the north-east coast of Big Mala, Solomon Islands, and by the people who live on the natural island Ngwalulu (Manoba, of the Admiralty charts) which closes the northern entrance to the lagoon. The southern end of the lagoon is known as Ataa Cove, and the language of the islanders in that part of the lagoon has a closer affinity to the languages of the hill peoples of the mainland than has Lau proper. In Port Adam, Little Mala, there are two villages whose people also talk Lau. they being immigrants from Ataa Cove. The hill languages of the north end of Big Mala use certain sounds which do not appear in Lau. These sounds are ngg, i.e. ng in English “ finger ”, nd instead of pure d, mb instead of pure b. Also the Lau h appears as s or th.

Den sites and habitats utilised by the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) in East Timor.

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Heinsohn
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago

THOUGH a common and widespread phalangerid possum with populations occurring in Timor, the Moluccas, northern New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands (Flannery 1994; Heinsohn 2000, 2002a; Heinsohn and Hope 2004); comparatively little research has been conducted on the ecology of the northern common cuscus (Phalanger orientalis). Its general niche is thought to be that of a nocturnal arboreal folivore, with frugivorous tendencies, and a preference for closed tropical forests (Heinsohn 1998a, 2000, 2002a).

scholarly journals WITH CAP REFORMS AND GATT: GREATER MARKET ACCESS FOR COCONUT PRODUCTS?

CORD ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Aurora Alarde Regalado
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The People

The coconut industry is undeniably an important feature in the economies of the Asia‑Pacific region. It is an important source of income and food. In Vanuatu, this industry contributes 41% to its total export earnings; 7.10% in the Philippines; and 8.91% in the Solomon Islands in 1992. This industry also provides sustenance to the people of Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Sri Lanka. Coconuts are major ingredients in many food preparations in these countries.

scholarly journals Population Turnover in Remote Oceania Shortly After Initial Settlement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lipson ◽  
Pontus Skoglund ◽  
Matthew Spriggs ◽  
Frederique Valentin ◽  
Stuart Bedford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Population Turnover ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Diverse Groups

SummaryAncient DNA analysis of three individuals dated to ~3000 years before present (BP) from Vanuatu and one ~2600 BP individual from Tonga has revealed that the first inhabitants of Remote Oceania (“First Remote Oceanians”) were almost entirely of East Asian ancestry, and thus their ancestors passed New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Solomon Islands with minimal admixture with the Papuan groups they encountered [1]. However, all present-day populations in Near and Remote Oceania harbor 25-100% Papuan ancestry, implying that there must have been at least one later stream of migration eastward from Near Oceania. We generated genome-wide data for 14 ancient individuals from Efate and Epi Islands in Vanuatu ranging from 3,000-150 BP, along with 185 present-day Vanuatu individuals from 18 islands. We show that people of almost entirely Papuan ancestry had arrived in Vanuatu by 2400 BP, an event that coincided with the end of the Lapita cultural period, changes in skeletal morphology, and the cessation of long-distance trade between Near and Remote Oceania [2]. First Remote Oceanian ancestry subsequently increased via admixture but remains at 10-20% in most islands. Through a fine-grained comparison of ancestry profiles in Vanuatu and Polynesia with diverse groups in Near Oceania, we find that Papuan ancestry in Vanuatu is consistent with deriving from the Bismarck Archipelago instead of the geographically closer Solomon Islands. Papuan ancestry in Polynesia also shows connections to the ancestry profiles present in the Bismarck Archipelago but is more similar to Tolai from New Britain and Tutuba from Vanuatu than to the ancient Vanuatu individuals and the great majority of present-day Vanuatu populations. This suggests a third eastward stream of migration from Near to Remote Oceania bringing a different type of Papuan ancestry.

scholarly journals The gateway into Remote Oceania: new insights from genome-wide data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Pugach ◽  
Ana T. Duggan ◽  
D. Andrew Merriwether ◽  
Françoise R. Friedlaender ◽  
Jonathan S. Friedlaender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Population History ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Bismarck Archipelago ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Linguistic Divide ◽  
Founder Event

ABSTRACTA widely accepted two-wave scenario of human settlement of Oceania involves the first out-of-Africa migration ca 50,000 ya, and one of the most geographically-widespread dispersals of people, known as the Austronesian expansion, which reached the Bismarck Archipelago by about 3,450 ya. While earlier genetic studies provided evidence for extensive sex-biased admixture between the incoming and the indigenous populations, some archaeological, linguistic and genetic evidence indicates a more complicated picture of settlement. To study regional variation in Oceania in more detail, we have compiled a genome-wide dataset of 823 individuals from 72 populations (including 50 populations from Oceania) and over 620,000 autosomal SNPs. We show that the initial dispersal of people from the Bismarck Archipelago into Remote Oceania occurred in a “leapfrog” fashion, completely by-passing the main chain of the Solomon Islands, and that the colonization of the Solomon Islands proceeded in a bi-directional manner. Our results also support a divergence between western and eastern Solomons, in agreement with the sharp linguistic divide known as the Tryon-Hackman line. We also report substantial post-Austronesian gene flow across the Solomons. In particular, Santa Cruz (in Remote Oceania) exhibits extraordinarily high levels of Papuan ancestry that cannot be explained by a simple bottleneck/founder event scenario. Finally, we use simulations to show that discrepancies between different methods for dating admixture likely reflect different sensitivities of the methods to multiple admixture events from the same (or similar) sources. Overall, this study points to the importance of fine-scale sampling to understand the complexities of human population history.

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