Targeted nanoparticles for drug delivery through the blood–brain barrier for Alzheimer's disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 108 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 193-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Roney ◽  
Padmakar Kulkarni ◽  
Veera Arora ◽  
Peter Antich ◽  
Frederick Bonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Targeted Nanoparticles ◽  
Blood Brain

Recent Advances in Targeted Drug Delivery Approaches using Lipidic and Polymeric Nanocarriers for the management of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhara Lakdawala ◽  
Md Abdur Rashid ◽  
Farhan Jalees Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Polymeric Nanocarriers ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
The Brain

: Drug delivery to the brain has remained a significant challenge in treating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which primarily obstructs the access of drugs and biomolecules into the brain. Several methods to overcome the blood-brain barrier have been employed, such as chemical disruption, surgical intervention, focused ultrasound, intranasal delivery and using nanocarriers. Nanocarrier systems remain the method of choice and have shown promising results over the past decade to achieve better drug targeting. Polymeric nanocarriers and lipidic nanoparticles act as a carrier system providing better encapsulation of drugs, site-specific delivery, increased bioavailability and sustained release of drugs. The surface modifications and functionalization of these nanocarrier systems have greatly facilitated targeted drug delivery. The safety and efficacy of these nanocarrier systems have been ascertained by several in vitro and in vivo models. In the present review, we have elaborated on recent developments of nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for Alzheimer's disease, explicitly focusing on polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Modeling the Blood–Brain Barrier to Understand Drug Delivery in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Wasielewska ◽  
◽  
Juliana C Da Silva Chaves ◽  
Anthony R. White ◽  
Lotta E. Oikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Blood–Brain Barrier Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Pardridge
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Biologic Drugs ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Delivery Technology

Despite the enormity of the societal and health burdens caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there have been no FDA approvals for new therapeutics for AD since 2003. This profound lack of progress in treatment of AD is due to dual problems, both related to the blood–brain barrier (BBB). First, 98% of small molecule drugs do not cross the BBB, and ~100% of biologic drugs do not cross the BBB, so BBB drug delivery technology is needed in AD drug development. Second, the pharmaceutical industry has not developed BBB drug delivery technology, which would enable industry to invent new therapeutics for AD that actually penetrate into brain parenchyma from blood. In 2020, less than 1% of all AD drug development projects use a BBB drug delivery technology. The pathogenesis of AD involves chronic neuro-inflammation, the progressive deposition of insoluble amyloid-beta or tau aggregates, and neural degeneration. New drugs that both attack these multiple sites in AD, and that have been coupled with BBB drug delivery technology, can lead to new and effective treatments of this serious disorder.

scholarly journals Review of Current Strategies for Delivering Alzheimer’s Disease Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Wong ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Yuning Xie ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

Effective therapy for Alzheimer’s disease is a major challenge in the pharmaceutical sciences. There are six FDA approved drugs (e.g., donepezil, memantine) that show some effectiveness; however, they only relieve symptoms. Two factors hamper research. First, the cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood. Second, the blood-brain barrier restricts drug efficacy. This review summarized current knowledge relevant to both of these factors. First, we reviewed the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Next, we reviewed the structural and biological properties of the blood-brain barrier. We then described the most promising drug delivery systems that have been developed in recent years; these include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles and cyclodextrins. Overall, we aim to provide ideas and clues to design effective drug delivery systems for penetrating the blood-brain barrier to treat Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals A first-principles study on potential chelation agents and indicators of Alzheimer's disease

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 35574-35581
Author(s):  
Bryan Wang ◽  
Xuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Human Serum Transferrin ◽  
First Principles Study ◽  
Blood Brain

Human-serum transferrin is involved in the transportation of aluminum across the blood–brain barrier.

scholarly journals Probable Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
James David Adams
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

A three-part mechanism is proposed for the induction of Alzheimer’s disease: (1) decreased blood lactic acid; (2) increased blood ceramide and adipokines; (3) decreased blood folic acid. The age-related nature of these mechanisms comes from age-associated decreased muscle mass, increased visceral fat and changes in diet. This mechanism also explains why many people do not develop Alzheimer’s disease. Simple changes in lifestyle and diet can prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a cascade of events that culminates in damage to the blood–brain barrier and damage to neurons. The blood–brain barrier keeps toxic molecules out of the brain and retains essential molecules in the brain. Lactic acid is a nutrient to the brain and is produced by exercise. Damage to endothelial cells and pericytes by inadequate lactic acid leads to blood–brain barrier damage and brain damage. Inadequate folate intake and oxidative stress induced by activation of transient receptor potential cation channels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase damage the blood–brain barrier. NAD depletion due to inadequate intake of nicotinamide and alterations in the kynurenine pathway damages neurons. Changes in microRNA levels may be the terminal events that cause neuronal death leading to Alzheimer’s disease. A new mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease induction is presented involving lactic acid, ceramide, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, folate, nicotinamide, kynurenine metabolites and microRNA.

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