Survey of diagnostic and typing capacity for enterovirus infection in Italy and identification of two Echovirus 30 outbreaks

Enterovirus (EV) 71 has emerged as a primary cause of severe neurologic enterovirus infection in the aftermath of the global polio eradication effort. Eleven subgenotypes of EV71 exist, the C4 subgenotype being associated with large outbreaks in Asia with high mortality rates. This subgenotype has rarely been reported in Europe. In the period between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 a total of 1,447 EV positive samples from 1,143 individuals were sent to the Statens Serum Institute (SSI), and 938 samples from 913 patients were genotyped at the Danish National World Health Organization Reference laboratory for Poliovirus at SSI. Echovirus 6 (E06) (n=141 patients), echovirus 30 (E30) (n=114), coxsackievirus A6 (CA06) (n=96) and EV71 (n=63) were the most prevalent genotypes. We observed a shift in circulating EV71 subgenotypes during the study period, with subgenotype C4 dominating in 2012. A total of 34 EV71 patients were found to be infected with strains of the C4 subgenotype, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belonged to the C4a lineage. In our study, the proportions of cases with cerebral and/or sepsis-like symptoms were similar in those affected by C4a (19/34) and those with C1 and C2 (15/35). The majority (n=30) of the 34 EV71 C4 cases were children ≤5 years of age, and males (n=22) were over-represented. Continued EV surveillance is required to monitor the spread of EV71 C4 in Denmark and the rest of Europe.

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Epidemiological aspects of enterovirus infection in the Russian Federation during the period of 2018–2019

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-1-108-116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 108-116

Author(s):

N. I. Romanenkova ◽

N. R. Rozaeva ◽

M. A. Bichurina ◽

O. I. Kanaeva ◽

I. G. Chkhyndzheriya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Picture ◽

Enterovirus 71 ◽

Enterovirus Infection ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aim Analysis ◽

Echovirus 30 ◽

Coxsackievirus B4 ◽

Saint Petersburg ◽

Clinical Forms ◽

Etiological Agents

Aim: Analysis of enterovirus infection morbidity and characteristics of the etiological agents of this infection on some territories of Russia in 2017.Materials and methods: We investigated 7858 samples of the biological material from the patients suffering from enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by virological and molecular methods.Results: The epidemic process and the clinical picture of enterovirus infection on different territories had some peculiarities. On some territories enterovirus meningitis was the predominant form of infection, on other territories enterovirus infection with exanthema prevailed. In Saint-Petersburg, Archangel and Saratov regions the percentage of enterovirus infection cases with the clinical picture of enterovirus meningitis was significantly higher than the percentage of enterovirus infection with exanthema. In the Komi Republic, Leningrad and Murmansk regions the percentage of infection with exanthema was statistically higher than the enterovirus meningitis portion. Enteroviruses of 30 serotypes were detected in the samples of patients suffering from enterovirus infection. We determined the etiology of sporadic and epidemic cases of enterovirus infection represented by different clinical forms. On some territories the epidemic foci of enterovirus infection among children were revealed. The etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis foci in Saint-Petersburg, Murmansk and Saratov regions were Coxsackievirus B5, Coxsackievirus B4 and Echovirus 30. The foci of enterovirus infection with exanthema in Archangel, Leningrad, Murmansk and Novgorod regions were caused by Coxsackieviruses A10, A16 and A6.Conclusion: The clinical forms of enterovirus infection on some territories were provoked by enteroviruses which dominated in the circulation on one or other territory. Enteroviruses of species B, mainly Echovirus 30, Echovirus 6 and Coxsackieviruses B1–6 were the etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis. The etiological factors of enterovirus infection with exanthema were Enteroviruses of species A, mainly Coxsackieviruses of different serotypes as well as Enterovirus 71.

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Nosocomial Transmission of Echovirus 30: Molecular Evidence by Phylogenetic Analysis of the VP1 Encoding Sequence

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.8.2889-2892.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 2889-2892 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jean-Luc Bailly ◽

Aline Béguet ◽

Martine Chambon ◽

Cécile Henquell ◽

Hélène Peigue-Lafeuille

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Aseptic Meningitis ◽

Index Patient ◽

Nosocomial Transmission ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Enterovirus Infection ◽

Monophyletic Cluster ◽

Echovirus 30 ◽

Secondary Infections

We investigated six cases of enterovirus infection in a neonatal unit. The index patient, a 5-day-old boy, was admitted with aseptic meningitis due to echovirus 30 (E30). Secondary infections with E30 occurred in five babies. Comparison of the complete VP1 sequences showed that the isolates recovered from the index patient and his mother were closely related to those recovered from the five babies with secondary infections, demonstrating a nosocomial transmission of the virus. In the phylogenetic tree reconstructed from the VP1 sequences, the isolates formed a monophyletic cluster related to an E30 strain collected in June 1997 during an outbreak of aseptic meningitis.

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PO-0526 Neonatal Enterovirus Infection As A Cause Of Cardiogenic Shock

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-307384.1170 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 99 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. A421.1-A421

Author(s):

L Celik ◽

K Papakostas ◽

A Artmann ◽

V Vieth ◽

M Uecer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiogenic Shock ◽

Enterovirus Infection

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Usefulness of nested PCR and sequence analysis in a nosocomial outbreak of neonatal enterovirus infection

Journal of Clinical Virology ◽

10.1016/s0928-0197(98)00022-1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Takeshi Takami ◽

Hisashi Kawashima ◽

Yukito Takei ◽

Tasuku Miyajima ◽

Takayuki Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Nested Pcr ◽

Nosocomial Outbreak ◽

Enterovirus Infection

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Correlation of symptomatic enterovirus infection and later risk of allergic diseases via a population-based cohort study

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000005827 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (4) ◽

pp. e5827 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zon-Min Lee ◽

Ying-Hsien Huang ◽

Shu-Chen Ho ◽

Ho-Chang Kuo

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Population Based ◽

Enterovirus Infection

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Search for persistent enterovirus infection of muscle in inflammatory myopathies

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/0022-510x(94)90244-5 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 70-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Simon A. Fox ◽

Emma Finklestone ◽

Peter D. Robbins ◽

Frank L. Mastaglia ◽

Nigel R. Swanson

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Myopathies ◽

Enterovirus Infection

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Environmental Surveillance through Next-Generation Sequencing to Unveil the Diversity of Human Enteroviruses beyond the Reported Clinical Cases

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13010120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

Andrés Lizasoain ◽

Daiana Mir ◽

Gisella Masachessi ◽

Adrián Farías ◽

Nélida Rodríguez-Osorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Next Generation Sequencing ◽

Next Generation ◽

Echovirus 30 ◽

Coxsackievirus B4 ◽

Important Region ◽

Enterovirus A71 ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Valuable Role ◽

Generation Sequencing

The knowledge about circulation of Human Enteroviruses (EVs) obtained through medical diagnosis in Argentina is scarce. Wastewater samples monthly collected in Córdoba, Argentina during 2011–2012, and then in 2017–2018 were retrospectively studied to assess the diversity of EVs in the community. Partial VP1 gene was amplified by PCR from wastewater concentrates, and amplicons were subject of next-generation sequencing and genetic analyses. There were 41 EVs detected, from which ~50% had not been previously reported in Argentina. Most of the characterized EVs (60%) were detected at both sampling periods, with similar values of intratype nucleotide diversity. Exceptions were enterovirus A71, coxsackievirus B4, echovirus 14, and echovirus 30, which diversified in 2017–2018. There was a predominance of types from EV-C in 2017–2018, evidencing a common circulation of these types throughout the year in the community. Interestingly, high genetic similarity was evidenced among environmental strains of echovirus 30 circulating in 2011–2012 and co-temporal isolates obtained from patients suffering aseptic meningitis in different locations of Argentina. This study provides an updated insight about EVs circulating in an important region of South America, and suggests a valuable role of wastewater-based epidemiology in predicting outbreaks before the onset of cases in the community.

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