Pengaturan Sanksi Kumulatif dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi

Corruption is a crime against social and economic rights of the community. Corruption has become an extraordinary crime or crime. Likewise, the eradication effort can no longer be done in the usual way, but must use extraordinary methods. Corruption is an evil act that can make the country a loss. In Indonesia, corruption has been widespread in society, its development continues to increase from year to year. This study aims to analyze the regulation of cumulative sanctions in corruption and analyze the judges' consideration in imposing criminal sanctions in place of fines as one of the cumulative sanctions in corruption. The research used was normative legal research using a statutory approach, conceptual approach, case approach which was then analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of the discussion it can be explained that the regulation of cumulative sanctions in corruption is regulated in article 2, article 6, article 8, article 9, article 10, article, 12, article 12B. Judge's consideration in giving a ruling is judicial consideration and seeing the legal facts revealed in the trial. So it can be concluded that the approach used by the judge in consideration of the decision is the balance theory, the theory of the art approach and intuition, the scientific approach theory, the experience approach theory and the ratio decidendi theory.

CORRUPTOLOGY SEBAGAI TEROBOSAN ILMU KORUPSI DALAM STRATEGI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI DI ERA TRANSISI

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the factors that cause corruption, to know Corruptolgy which functions as a science of corruption in efforts to eradicate corruption in the transitional era, Know the impact of studying corruption with all aspects in strengthening the eradication of transitional corruption eradication strategies. research methods in which to find and formulate problems, the selection and assessment of writing sources, making observations, looking for alternative solutions to problems, and systematic writing. The results of this study are corruptology as a breakthrough in the science of corruption in the eradication of corruption in the transitional era (Perspective Law In Action) in which there are patterns and factors that cause corruption, corruptology as a strategy, and understand corruption as an eradication effort. Keywords: Corruptology, Corruption, Transition ABSTAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya korupsi, mengetahui Corruptolgy yang berfungsi sebagai sebuah ilmu korupsi dalam upaya pemberantasan korupsi di era transisi, Mengetahui dampak mempelajari korupsi dengan semua aspek dalam menguatkan strategi pemberantasan korupsi era transisi. metode penelitian yang didalamnya menemukan dan merumuskan masalah, pemilihan dan pengkajian sumber penulisan, melakukan pengamatan, mencari alternatif pemecahan masalah, dan sistematika penulisan. Hasil penelitian ini corruptology sebagai terobosan ilmu korupsi dalam strategi pemberantasan korupsi di era transisi (Perspektif Law In Action) yang didalamnya terdapat pola-pola dan faktor-faktor penyebab korupsi, corruptology sebagai strategi, dan memahami korupsi sebagai upaya pemberantasan. Kata Kunci: Corruptology, Ilmu korupsi, Transisi

Persistent Corynebacterium bovis Infectious Hyperkeratotic Dermatitis in Immunocompetent Epidermal-Mutant dep/dep Mice

During a previously reported program-wide Corynebacterium bovis outbreak, both immunocompetent depilated ( dep/dep) mutant mice and transgenic mice that express the papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein became persistently infected with C. bovis. An orthokeratotic, hyperkeratotic, acanthotic dermatitis developed in the C. bovis–infected dep/dep mice, which remained C. bovis PCR-positive for >45 days prior to euthanasia as part of the program-wide C. bovis eradication effort. Since both affected strains of mice have altered skin homeostasis, immune status or the presence of hair may not alone be sufficient to explain strain susceptibility to C. bovis–related cutaneous disease. In order to avoid invalidation of preclinical studies due to C. bovis infection, it may be necessary to isolate immunodeficient mouse strains, implement facililty-wide surveillance for C. bovis, and sterilize equipment with vaporized hydrogen peroxide.

The Role of Legal Culture in Corruption Eradication Effort (A Comparative Study of Indonesian and Japanese Corruption Crime Handling)

In a comparative study of Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia and Japan appears that law culture plays a significant role. Indonesia has special institution that deals with corruption while Japan does not have it. Nevertheless, cases of corruption in Indonesia are higher than in Japan. This is due to the Indonesian culture of ewuh pakewuh, reluctant, and has two different views in dealing with corruption. On the one hand, Indonesia rejects corruption, but on the other hand, it commits actions that support corruption. Meanwhile, Japan has a strong culture of shame for committing law violations both at the community level and law enforcement officers.

SEBARAN POPULASI Cobaea scandens CAV. SEBAGAI TUMBUHAN INVASIF DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS DAN SEKITARNYA

AbstrakCobaea scandens Cav. (Polemoniaceae) merupakan tumbuhan riparian dari Meksiko yang telah lama ditanam di Kebun Raya Cibodas (KRC). Jenis tersebut dilaporkan sebagai tumbuhan invasif di beberapa negara. Sebagai tumbuhan invasif, jenis tersebut dapat mengancam ekosistem sekitar sehingga pertumbuhannya perlu dikendalikan. Meskipun demikian, informasi mengenai keberadaannya di KRC dan sekitarnya masih sedikit. Oleh karena itu, dalam makalah ini diuraikan mengenai sebaran populasi di kawasan KRC dan sekitarnya, dalam rangka mencari rekomendasi yang tepat dalam upaya pengendaliannya. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling, terutama di kawasan riparian dan hutan restan KRC dan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Hasilnya, terdapat sembilan titik populasi C. scandens terutama di Sungai Ciwalen yang juga melintasi TNGGP. Secara ekologi, C. scandens tumbuh pada habitat yang terbuka hingga sedikit naungan, daerah yang basah, di tepian sungai dan hutan restan pada ketinggian 1.255 hingga 1.425 mdpl. Cobaea scandens tumbuh memanjat pada pohon tegakan atau semak dan membentuk tutupan yang lebat di atas permukan tumbuhan bawah, sehingga dapat mengancam tumbuhan lokal di kawasan tersebut. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, rekomendasi yang disarankan adalah melakukan eradikasi secara mekanis, terutama sebelum musim buah terjadi,untuk menurunkan kelimpahan jenis dan mencegah proses regenerasinya dapat terjadi. Abstract Cobaea scandens Cav. (Polemoniaceae), anriparian species from Mexico, were cultivated in Cibodas Botanical Garden (CBG) for a long years ago. This species was reported as invasive species in several countries. As an invasive plant, this species can be threaten the surrounding ecosystem, so the growth need to be controlled. However, there is a few information of this species in CBG and its surrounding. Therefore, this paper described the population distribution of C. scandens at CBG and its surroundings, in order to find appropriate recommendation for the control efforts. Observation was conducted by survey method with purposive sampling, especially riparian and remnant forest areas. Based on our observations showed that C. scandens is fast growing on opens habitats to slighty shade, with high humidity. At least, there are nine population plot of C. scandens especially in the Ciwalen River, which also crosses in National Park of Mt. Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) areas. Ecologically, C. scandens grows in open area or slightly shaded, wet, in river banks and remnant forest at 1,255 to 1,425 masl. They can climb a tree or shrubs and forming a dense canopy over understorey, to threaten native species in thus area. From the results, a mechanical eradication effort need to be carried out, especially before fruiting season, to reduce their abundance and prevent the regeneration process from occured.

Proceedings of the First International Snakehead Symposium

<em>Abstract.</em>—Northern Snakeheads <em>Channa argus </em>were imported by fish farmers in Arkansas for use and sale in live food markets before being banned by the state in July 2002. Farmers were advised to destroy their stock in 2002 when importation and interstate trade were federally banned under the Lacey Act (18 U.S.C § 42(a) (1)). These farmers reportedly attempted this action, but on April 14, 2008; a wild Northern Snakehead, confirmed by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, was captured by a local row crop farmer. An eradication plan was formulated for Fall 2008 involving several government agencies and universities. Arkansas experienced several late summer storms resulting in flood conditions during that time. The eradication effort, named Operation Mongoose, was rescheduled for March, 2009. Operation Mongoose involved the application of the fish toxicant rotenone using helicopters, Marsh Masters, boats, and ground teams to cover approximately 700 km of creeks, ditches, and backwater areas within the 20,250 ha Piney Creek watershed. The effort reduced the Northern Snakehead population in the drainage but did not eradicate them. Because this area is prone to annual flooding, range expansion of Northern Snakehead occurred. The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission tracks Northern Snakehead dispersal through reporting from the angling public. During 2017, the first confirmed range expansion outside of Arkansas occurred in Mississippi.

Strategi Ulama Mengantisipasi Penyebaran Hadist Maudhu' di Kecamatan Peureulak

From the beginning of Islam, hadith maudhu 'or false hadith is a very crucial issue. Prophet Muhammad SAW reminded his Companions through his Hadith "whoever lies on me, be prepared to occupy a place in hell". Nevertheless, the flow of maudhu' hadith never stops. This indication one of them can be seen in the increasingly widespread spreading of false hadith, until today. On the other hand, it can also be seen from the side of the eradication effort, which never stopped by the ulama in various regions. This study conducted in the form of field research, taking a relatively small location, in one kecamatan. The sample 5 villages in Peureulak sub-district, East Aceh district. The respondents of this study are the Mubalighs who considered to know the hadith maudhu', and also know the development of the spread of hadith maudhu' in society. The results of this study include, among others, efforts made by the ulama in Peureulak Sub-district in order to anticipate the spread of hadith maudhu 'among others: to conduct counseling and special study on the science of Hadith, in which alluded to the hadith maudhu'; in addition the scholars also provide direction and reprimand to the preachers who make hadith maudhu' as a reference when they do da'wah in society. Abstrak: Sejak awal Islam, hadist maudhu’ atau hadist palsu merupakan persoalan yang sangat krusial. Nabi Muhammad SAW. sendiri, sudah mengingatkan para shahabat Beliau melalui hadist Beliau “barang siapa yang berdusta atas nama diriku maka bersiaplah untuk menempati suatu tempat di neraka kelak”. Namun demikian, arus perkembangan hadist maudhu’ ternyata tidak pernah berhenti. Indikasi ini salah satunya dapat dilihat pada faktor semakin maraknya penyebaran hadist palsu, sampai dewasa ini. Di sisi lain, juga dapat dilihat dari sisi upaya pembasmiannya, yang tidak pula pernah henti-hentinya dilakukan oleh ulama di berbagai wilayah. Studi ini dilakukan dalam bentuk penelitian lapangan, dengan mengambil lokasi tergolong kecil, yaitu satu kecamatan. Sampelnya adalah 5 desa dalam kecamatan Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Responden studi ini adalah para Mubaligh yang dianggap memiliki pengetahuan tentang hadist maudhu’, dan juga mengetahui perkembangan tersebarnya hadist maudhu’ tersebut dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain, upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh para ulama di Kecamatan Peureulak dalam rangka mengantisipasi penyebaran hadist maudhu’ antara lain: melakukan penyuluhan dan pengajian khusus tentang Ilmu Hadist, yang di dalamnya disinggung tentang hadist maudhu’; di samping itu para ulama juga memberikan arahan dan teguran kepada para mubaligh yang menjadikan hadist maudhu’ sebagai rujukan ketika mereka melakukan berdakwah dalam masyarakat.

Strategi Ulama Mengantisipasi Penyebaran Hadist Maudhu' di Kecamatan Peureulak

From the beginning of Islam, hadith maudhu 'or false hadith is a very crucial issue. Prophet Muhammad SAW reminded his Companions through his Hadith "whoever lies on me, be prepared to occupy a place in hell". Nevertheless, the flow of maudhu' hadith never stops. This indication one of them can be seen in the increasingly widespread spreading of false hadith, until today. On the other hand, it can also be seen from the side of the eradication effort, which never stopped by the ulama in various regions. This study conducted in the form of field research, taking a relatively small location, in one kecamatan. The sample 5 villages in Peureulak sub-district, East Aceh district. The respondents of this study are the Mubalighs who considered to know the hadith maudhu', and also know the development of the spread of hadith maudhu' in society. The results of this study include, among others, efforts made by the ulama in Peureulak Sub-district in order to anticipate the spread of hadith maudhu 'among others: to conduct counseling and special study on the science of Hadith, in which alluded to the hadith maudhu'; in addition the scholars also provide direction and reprimand to the preachers who make hadith maudhu' as a reference when they do da'wah in society. Abstrak: Sejak awal Islam, hadist maudhu’ atau hadist palsu merupakan persoalan yang sangat krusial. Nabi Muhammad SAW. sendiri, sudah mengingatkan para shahabat Beliau melalui hadist Beliau “barang siapa yang berdusta atas nama diriku maka bersiaplah untuk menempati suatu tempat di neraka kelak”. Namun demikian, arus perkembangan hadist maudhu’ ternyata tidak pernah berhenti. Indikasi ini salah satunya dapat dilihat pada faktor semakin maraknya penyebaran hadist palsu, sampai dewasa ini. Di sisi lain, juga dapat dilihat dari sisi upaya pembasmiannya, yang tidak pula pernah henti-hentinya dilakukan oleh ulama di berbagai wilayah. Studi ini dilakukan dalam bentuk penelitian lapangan, dengan mengambil lokasi tergolong kecil, yaitu satu kecamatan. Sampelnya adalah 5 desa dalam kecamatan Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur. Responden studi ini adalah para Mubaligh yang dianggap memiliki pengetahuan tentang hadist maudhu’, dan juga mengetahui perkembangan tersebarnya hadist maudhu’ tersebut dalam masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain, upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh para ulama di Kecamatan Peureulak dalam rangka mengantisipasi penyebaran hadist maudhu’ antara lain: melakukan penyuluhan dan pengajian khusus tentang Ilmu Hadist, yang di dalamnya disinggung tentang hadist maudhu’; di samping itu para ulama juga memberikan arahan dan teguran kepada para mubaligh yang menjadikan hadist maudhu’ sebagai rujukan ketika mereka melakukan berdakwah dalam masyarakat.