Significance of Asaccharolytic Eubacterium and Closely Related Bacterial Species in the Human Oral Cavity

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Futoshi Nakazawa ◽  
Hiroshi Miyakawa ◽  
Mari Fujita ◽  
Arihide Kamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Oral Cavity

Repertoire of bacterial species cultured from the human oral cavity and respiratory tract

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1611-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime DM Fonkou ◽  
Jean-Charles Dufour ◽  
Grégory Dubourg ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Oral Cavity

scholarly journals Veillonellae: Beyond Bridging Species in Oral Biofilm Ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Daniel Manoil ◽  
Georgios N. Belibasakis ◽  
Georgios A. Kotsakis
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Human Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Biofilms ◽  
Polymicrobial Disease

The genus Veillonella comprises 16 characterized species, among which eight are commonly found in the human oral cavity. The high abundance of Veillonella species in the microbiome of both supra- and sub-gingival biofilms, and their interdependent relationship with a multitude of other bacterial species, suggest veillonellae to play an important role in oral biofilm ecology. Development of oral biofilms relies on an incremental coaggregation process between early, bridging and later bacterial colonizers, ultimately forming multispecies communities. As early colonizer and bridging species, veillonellae are critical in guiding the development of multispecies communities in the human oral microenvironment. Their ability to establish mutualistic relationships with other members of the oral microbiome has emerged as a crucial factor that may contribute to health equilibrium. Here, we review the general characteristics, taxonomy, physiology, genomic and genetics of veillonellae, as well as their bridging role in the development of oral biofilms. We further discuss the role of Veillonella spp. as potential “accessory pathogens” in the human oral cavity, capable of supporting colonization by other, more pathogenic species. The relationship between Veillonella spp. and dental caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis is also recapitulated in this review. We finally highlight areas of future research required to better understand the intergeneric signaling employed by veillonellae during their bridging activities and interspecies mutualism. With the recent discoveries of large species and strain-specific variation within the genus in biological and virulence characteristics, the study of Veillonella as an example of highly adaptive microorganisms that indirectly participates in dysbiosis holds great promise for broadening our understanding of polymicrobial disease pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Identification of bacterial species with phenolic‐degrading activity in the human oral cavity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Ye ◽  
Erinn Rieser ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Suzanne Hendrich
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Oral Cavity

scholarly journals Axenic Culture of a Candidate Division TM7 Bacterium from the Human Oral Cavity and Biofilm Interactions with Other Oral Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (20) ◽  
pp. 6480-6489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Soro ◽  
Lindsay C. Dutton ◽  
Susan V. Sprague ◽  
Angela H. Nobbs ◽  
Anthony J. Ireland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Oral Cavity ◽  
Candidate Division

ABSTRACTThe diversity of bacterial species in the human oral cavity is well recognized, but a high proportion of them are presently uncultivable. Candidate division TM7 bacteria are almost always detected in metagenomic studies but have not yet been cultivated. In this paper, we identified candidate division TM7 bacterial phylotypes in mature plaque samples from around orthodontic bonds in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. Successive rounds of enrichment in laboratory media led to the isolation of a pure culture of one of these candidate division TM7 phylotypes. The bacteria formed filaments of 20 to 200 μm in length within agar plate colonies and in monospecies biofilms on salivary pellicle and exhibited some unusual morphological characteristics by transmission electron microscopy, including a trilaminated cell surface layer and dense cytoplasmic deposits. Proteomic analyses of cell wall protein extracts identified abundant polypeptides predicted from the TM7 partial genomic sequence. Pleiomorphic phenotypes were observed when the candidate division TM7 bacterium was grown in dual-species biofilms with representatives of six different oral bacterial genera. The TM7 bacterium formed long filaments in dual-species biofilm communities withActinomyces orisorFusobacterium nucleatum. However, the TM7 isolate grew as short rods or cocci in dual-species biofilms withPorphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedia,Parvimonas micra, orStreptococcus gordonii, forming notably robust biofilms with the latter two species. The ability to cultivate TM7 axenically should majorly advance understanding of the physiology, genetics, and virulence properties of this novel candidate division oral bacterium.

scholarly journals Campylobacter showae sp. nov., Isolated from the Human Oral Cavity

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. ETOH ◽  
F. E. DEWHIRST ◽  
B. J. PASTER ◽  
A. YAMAMOTO ◽  
N. GOTO
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Human Oral Cavity

scholarly journals Diversity and Morphology of Members of the Phylum “Synergistetes” in Periodontal Health and Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3777-3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Vartoukian ◽  
R. M. Palmer ◽  
W. G. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Pcr Cloning ◽  
Human Oral Cavity ◽  
Health And Disease

ABSTRACT Members of the phylum “Synergistetes” have frequently been detected in the human oral cavity at sites of dental disease, but they have rarely been detected in studies of oral health. Only two oral “Synergistetes” taxa are cultivable. The aims of this study were to investigate the diversity of “Synergistetes” in the oral cavity, to establish whether “Synergistetes” taxa are more strongly associated with periodontitis than with oral health, and to visualize unculturable “Synergistetes” in situ. Sixty samples (saliva, dental plaque, and mucosal swabs) were collected from five subjects with periodontitis and five periodontally healthy controls. Using phylum-specific 16S rRNA gene primers, “Synergistetes” were identified by PCR, cloning, and sequencing of 48 clones per PCR-positive sample. Subgingival plaque samples were labeled with probes targeting rRNA of unculturable oral “Synergistetes” using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Analysis of 1,664 clones revealed 12 “Synergistetes” operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 99% sequence identity level, 5 of which were novel. “Synergistetes” OTU 4.2 was found in significantly more subjects with periodontitis than controls (P = 0.048) and was more abundant in subgingival plaque at diseased sites than at healthy sites in subjects with periodontitis (P = 0.019) or controls (P = 0.019). FISH analysis revealed that unculturable oral “Synergistetes” cells were large curved bacilli. The human oral cavity harbors a diverse population of “Synergistetes.” “Synergistetes” OTU 4.2 is associated with periodontitis and may have a pathogenic role.

The bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with periodontal disease

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Brook A. Niemiec ◽  
Jerzy Gawor ◽  
Shuiquan Tang ◽  
Aishani Prem ◽  
Janina A. Krumbeck
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
The Core ◽  
Severe Periodontal Disease ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
V3 Region

Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare the bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of periodontal disease. ANIMALS Dogs without periodontal disease (n = 12) or with mild (10), moderate (19), or severe (10) periodontal disease. PROCEDURES The maxillary arcade of each dog was sampled with a sterile swab, and swabs were submitted for next-generation DNA sequencing targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS 714 bacterial species from 177 families were identified. The 3 most frequently found bacterial species were Actinomyces sp (48/51 samples), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (47/51 samples), and a Campylobacter sp (48/51 samples). The most abundant species were P cangingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, and an undefined Porphyromonas sp. Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Campylobacter sp were part of the core microbiome shared among the 4 groups, and P gulae, which was significantly enriched in dogs with severe periodontal disease, was part of the core microbiome shared between all groups except dogs without periodontal disease. Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella sp formed a unique core microbiome in dogs with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results highlighted that in dogs, potential pathogens can be common members of the oral cavity bacteriome in the absence of disease, and changes in the relative abundance of certain members of the bacteriome can be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Future studies may aim to determine whether these changes are the cause or result of periodontal disease or the host immune response.

In vivo optical virtual biopsy of human oral cavity with harmonic generation microscopy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-R. Tsai ◽  
S.-Y. Chen ◽  
D.-B. Shieh ◽  
P.-J. Lou ◽  
C.-K. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Human Oral Cavity

scholarly journals Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381986735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Chattopadhyay ◽  
Mukesh Verma ◽  
Madhusmita Panda
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer–related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.

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