Repertoire of bacterial species cultured from the human oral cavity and respiratory tract

To clarify the taxonomy of trichomonads associated with human respiratory diseases, we examined a collection of axenic trichomonad strains isolated from the oral cavity and bronchi of patients from pulmonary diseases clinics in Tallin, Estonia. The oral and bronchial strains were compared mutually as well as with a reference strain of Trichomonas tenax, a common inhabitant of the human oral cavity, and other trichomonad species from humans and animals. Unexpectedly, the morphological studies, as well as DNA sequencing of ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 regions revealed that the Estonian strains belong to the genus Tetratrichomonas, with a high similarity to the avian species Tetratrichomonas gallinarum. None of the strains belonged to Trichomonas tenax. DNA fingerprinting using the RAPD method separated Estonian strains into 2 distinct groups: ‘bronchial’ consisting of 5 and 2 strains isolated from bronchi and ‘oral’ cavity, respectively, and oral consisting of 3 oral strains. Consistent differences between ‘bronchial’ and ‘oral’ groups were confirmed by analysis of ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 sequences. Our results have revealed novel trichomonad species of the human oral cavity and bronchi.

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Veillonellae: Beyond Bridging Species in Oral Biofilm Ecology

Frontiers in Oral Health ◽

10.3389/froh.2021.774115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Zhou ◽

Daniel Manoil ◽

Georgios N. Belibasakis ◽

Georgios A. Kotsakis

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Future Research ◽

Great Promise ◽

Large Species ◽

Oral Biofilm ◽

Human Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Biofilms ◽

Polymicrobial Disease

The genus Veillonella comprises 16 characterized species, among which eight are commonly found in the human oral cavity. The high abundance of Veillonella species in the microbiome of both supra- and sub-gingival biofilms, and their interdependent relationship with a multitude of other bacterial species, suggest veillonellae to play an important role in oral biofilm ecology. Development of oral biofilms relies on an incremental coaggregation process between early, bridging and later bacterial colonizers, ultimately forming multispecies communities. As early colonizer and bridging species, veillonellae are critical in guiding the development of multispecies communities in the human oral microenvironment. Their ability to establish mutualistic relationships with other members of the oral microbiome has emerged as a crucial factor that may contribute to health equilibrium. Here, we review the general characteristics, taxonomy, physiology, genomic and genetics of veillonellae, as well as their bridging role in the development of oral biofilms. We further discuss the role of Veillonella spp. as potential “accessory pathogens” in the human oral cavity, capable of supporting colonization by other, more pathogenic species. The relationship between Veillonella spp. and dental caries, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis is also recapitulated in this review. We finally highlight areas of future research required to better understand the intergeneric signaling employed by veillonellae during their bridging activities and interspecies mutualism. With the recent discoveries of large species and strain-specific variation within the genus in biological and virulence characteristics, the study of Veillonella as an example of highly adaptive microorganisms that indirectly participates in dysbiosis holds great promise for broadening our understanding of polymicrobial disease pathogenesis.

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Significance of Asaccharolytic Eubacterium and Closely Related Bacterial Species in the Human Oral Cavity

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jecm.2010.12.008 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Futoshi Nakazawa ◽

Hiroshi Miyakawa ◽

Mari Fujita ◽

Arihide Kamaguchi

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Human Oral Cavity

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Identification of bacterial species with phenolic‐degrading activity in the human oral cavity

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.345.6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhong Ye ◽

Erinn Rieser ◽

Li Li ◽

Suzanne Hendrich

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Human Oral Cavity

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Axenic Culture of a Candidate Division TM7 Bacterium from the Human Oral Cavity and Biofilm Interactions with Other Oral Bacteria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01827-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (20) ◽

pp. 6480-6489 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Valeria Soro ◽

Lindsay C. Dutton ◽

Susan V. Sprague ◽

Angela H. Nobbs ◽

Anthony J. Ireland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Genomic Sequence ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Axenic Culture ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Content Type ◽

Human Oral Cavity ◽

Candidate Division

ABSTRACTThe diversity of bacterial species in the human oral cavity is well recognized, but a high proportion of them are presently uncultivable. Candidate division TM7 bacteria are almost always detected in metagenomic studies but have not yet been cultivated. In this paper, we identified candidate division TM7 bacterial phylotypes in mature plaque samples from around orthodontic bonds in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. Successive rounds of enrichment in laboratory media led to the isolation of a pure culture of one of these candidate division TM7 phylotypes. The bacteria formed filaments of 20 to 200 μm in length within agar plate colonies and in monospecies biofilms on salivary pellicle and exhibited some unusual morphological characteristics by transmission electron microscopy, including a trilaminated cell surface layer and dense cytoplasmic deposits. Proteomic analyses of cell wall protein extracts identified abundant polypeptides predicted from the TM7 partial genomic sequence. Pleiomorphic phenotypes were observed when the candidate division TM7 bacterium was grown in dual-species biofilms with representatives of six different oral bacterial genera. The TM7 bacterium formed long filaments in dual-species biofilm communities withActinomyces orisorFusobacterium nucleatum. However, the TM7 isolate grew as short rods or cocci in dual-species biofilms withPorphyromonas gingivalis,Prevotella intermedia,Parvimonas micra, orStreptococcus gordonii, forming notably robust biofilms with the latter two species. The ability to cultivate TM7 axenically should majorly advance understanding of the physiology, genetics, and virulence properties of this novel candidate division oral bacterium.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A spatial gradient of bacterial diversity in the human oral cavity shaped by salivary flow.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732674599.793543780 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Palmer

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Spatial Gradient ◽

Human Oral Cavity

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Campylobacter showae sp. nov., Isolated from the Human Oral Cavity

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology ◽

10.1099/00207713-43-4-631 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 631-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Y. ETOH ◽

F. E. DEWHIRST ◽

B. J. PASTER ◽

A. YAMAMOTO ◽

N. GOTO

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Human Oral Cavity

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Diversity and Morphology of Members of the Phylum “Synergistetes” in Periodontal Health and Disease

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02763-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 3777-3786 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

S. R. Vartoukian ◽

R. M. Palmer ◽

W. G. Wade

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Positive Sample ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Fish Analysis ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Pcr Cloning ◽

Human Oral Cavity ◽

Health And Disease

ABSTRACT Members of the phylum “Synergistetes” have frequently been detected in the human oral cavity at sites of dental disease, but they have rarely been detected in studies of oral health. Only two oral “Synergistetes” taxa are cultivable. The aims of this study were to investigate the diversity of “Synergistetes” in the oral cavity, to establish whether “Synergistetes” taxa are more strongly associated with periodontitis than with oral health, and to visualize unculturable “Synergistetes” in situ. Sixty samples (saliva, dental plaque, and mucosal swabs) were collected from five subjects with periodontitis and five periodontally healthy controls. Using phylum-specific 16S rRNA gene primers, “Synergistetes” were identified by PCR, cloning, and sequencing of 48 clones per PCR-positive sample. Subgingival plaque samples were labeled with probes targeting rRNA of unculturable oral “Synergistetes” using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Analysis of 1,664 clones revealed 12 “Synergistetes” operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 99% sequence identity level, 5 of which were novel. “Synergistetes” OTU 4.2 was found in significantly more subjects with periodontitis than controls (P = 0.048) and was more abundant in subgingival plaque at diseased sites than at healthy sites in subjects with periodontitis (P = 0.019) or controls (P = 0.019). FISH analysis revealed that unculturable oral “Synergistetes” cells were large curved bacilli. The human oral cavity harbors a diverse population of “Synergistetes.” “Synergistetes” OTU 4.2 is associated with periodontitis and may have a pathogenic role.

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The bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with periodontal disease

American Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.2460/ajvr.21.02.0027 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Brook A. Niemiec ◽

Jerzy Gawor ◽

Shuiquan Tang ◽

Aishani Prem ◽

Janina A. Krumbeck

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Core Microbiome ◽

The Core ◽

Severe Periodontal Disease ◽

Healthy Dogs ◽

V3 Region

Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare the bacteriome of the oral cavity in healthy dogs and dogs with various stages of periodontal disease. ANIMALS Dogs without periodontal disease (n = 12) or with mild (10), moderate (19), or severe (10) periodontal disease. PROCEDURES The maxillary arcade of each dog was sampled with a sterile swab, and swabs were submitted for next-generation DNA sequencing targeting the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS 714 bacterial species from 177 families were identified. The 3 most frequently found bacterial species were Actinomyces sp (48/51 samples), Porphyromonas cangingivalis (47/51 samples), and a Campylobacter sp (48/51 samples). The most abundant species were P cangingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, and an undefined Porphyromonas sp. Porphyromonas cangingivalis and Campylobacter sp were part of the core microbiome shared among the 4 groups, and P gulae, which was significantly enriched in dogs with severe periodontal disease, was part of the core microbiome shared between all groups except dogs without periodontal disease. Christensenellaceae sp, Bacteroidales sp, Family XIII sp, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Peptostreptococcus canis, and Tannerella sp formed a unique core microbiome in dogs with severe periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results highlighted that in dogs, potential pathogens can be common members of the oral cavity bacteriome in the absence of disease, and changes in the relative abundance of certain members of the bacteriome can be associated with severity of periodontal disease. Future studies may aim to determine whether these changes are the cause or result of periodontal disease or the host immune response.

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Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae infection impedes Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and persistence in mouse respiratory tract

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00568-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Lindgren ◽

Lea Novak ◽

Benjamin C. Hunt ◽

Melissa S. McDaniel ◽

W. Edward Swords

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Young Patients ◽

Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Potential Significance ◽

And Diffusion

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience lifelong respiratory infections which are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. These infections are polymicrobial in nature, and the predominant bacterial species undergo a predictable series of changes as patients age. Young patients have populations dominated by opportunists that are typically found within the microbiome of the human nasopharynx, such as nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi); these are eventually supplanted and the population within the CF lung is later dominated by pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( Pa ). In this study, we investigated how initial colonization with NTHi impacts colonization and persistence of Pa in the respiratory tract. Analysis of polymicrobial biofilms in vitro by confocal microscopy revealed that NTHi promoted greater levels of Pa biofilm volume and diffusion. However, sequential respiratory infection of mice with NTHi followed by Pa resulted in significantly lower Pa as compared to infection with Pa alone. Coinfected mice also had reduced airway tissue damage and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines as compared with Pa infected mice. Similar results were observed after instillation of heat-inactivated NTHi bacteria or purified NTHi lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin prior to Pa introduction. Based on these results, we conclude that NTHi significantly reduces susceptibility to subsequent Pa infection, most likely due to priming of host innate immunity rather than a direct competitive interaction between species. These findings have potential significance with regard to therapeutic management of early life infections in patients with CF.

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