Underlying mechanism on source-sink carbon balance of grazed perennial grass during regrowth: Insights into optimal grazing regimes of restoration of degraded grasslands in a temperate steppe

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) is an aromatic perennial grass grown extensively for its essential oil. Lemongrass oil is chiefly a mixture of various cyclic and acyclic bioactive monoterpenes. We reviewed lemongrass oil and its biosynthesis in the present chapter along with its biochemical composition. Furthermore, we attempted to explore both the possible routes for essential oil biosynthesis in lemongrass, i.e. mevalonate and non-mevalonate pathways and how these pathways interwind with each other. Lemongrass oil has high commercial potential in medicinal, cosmetic, food and energy industries. Regarding the pharmacological properties, a wide array of biological activities has been observed in lemongrass oil such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, analgesic and anti-cancer properties as well as its efficacy as insect-repellent. The later sections were dedicated for the analysis of insecticidal property of the lemongrass oil and the mechanism working behind this phenomenon where it was observed that in addition to synergistic effects, various components of lemongrass oil can also induce specific neurotoxic and cytotoxic responses in the insects.

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Carbon balance of annual versus perennial cropping systems

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3967 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Johannes Wilhelmus Maria Pullens ◽

Ji Chen ◽

Poul Erik Lærke

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Carbon Balance ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Soil C ◽

Yield Production ◽

Grain Crop ◽

C Stock ◽

Soil C Stock

To meet the growing challenges of food security, sufficient biomass for biorefineries and mitigation of climate change, perennial grass is recommended as an alternative for annual grain crop to increase biomass production while protecting soil C stock. However, the long-term biomass yield production, soil C stock, and ecosystem CO2 flux are rarely simultaneously evaluated in the same study site, limiting the understanding of C flows in different cropping systems. We compared the annual grain crop triticale (Triticosecale) grown every year since 2012 with the productive perennial grass festulolium (Festulolium braunii) both established in 2012 and festulolium renewed in 2018. Annual yield production, five-year changes in soil C stock, and ecosystem CO2 fluxes in 2020 are documented. The first five-year field observations showed that festulolium produced 76% more biomass as compared to triticale (grain and straw). Meanwhile, there was an increasing trend of soil C stock in festulolium but a declining trend of soil C stock in triticale across the first five years, despite both changes were statistically non-significant. By having measurements of the complete carbon balance for 2020, we can investigate the carbon cycling of a cereal and a perennial grass crop. The results improve our knowledge in how we can optimize the biomass, yield and carbon stocks.&#160;Keywords: continuous monoculture; perennial grass; biomass production; soil carbon content; ecosystem CO2 flux

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Photosynthesis and carbon balance of a Sahelian fallow savanna

Global Change Biology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00126.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 523-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

NIALL P. HANAN ◽

PAVEL KABAT ◽

JOHANNES A. DOLMAN ◽

JAN A. ELBERS

Keyword(s):

Carbon Balance

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Face Inversion Effect Emerges Under Critical Configural Discrepancy

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jisien Yang ◽

Adrian Schwaninger

Keyword(s):

Face Recognition ◽

Face Processing ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Inversion Effect ◽

Configural Processing ◽

Major Contributor ◽

Face Inversion Effect ◽

Configural Information ◽

Face Inversion ◽

The Face

Configural processing has been considered the major contributor to the face inversion effect (FIE) in face recognition. However, most researchers have only obtained the FIE with one specific ratio of configural alteration. It remains unclear whether the ratio of configural alteration itself can mediate the occurrence of the FIE. We aimed to clarify this issue by manipulating the configural information parametrically using six different ratios, ranging from 4% to 24%. Participants were asked to judge whether a pair of faces were entirely identical or different. The paired faces that were to be compared were presented either simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2). Both experiments revealed that the FIE was observed only when the ratio of configural alteration was in the intermediate range. These results indicate that even though the FIE has been frequently adopted as an index to examine the underlying mechanism of face processing, the emergence of the FIE is not robust with any configural alteration but dependent on the ratio of configural alteration.

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The Underlying Mechanism for Spatial Symmetry in Bimanual Tapping

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e537052012-058 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Tin-Cheung Chan ◽

Ling-Po Shiu

Keyword(s):

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Spatial Symmetry ◽

Bimanual Tapping

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Posttraumatic Growth following Open-heart Surgery: The Role of Religious Coping and the Underlying Mechanism

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e576422013-001 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Ai

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Growth ◽

Religious Coping ◽

Heart Surgery ◽

Open Heart Surgery ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Open Heart

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Improving Math With Number Sense Training: An Investigation of its Underlying Mechanism

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633262013-094 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Joonkoo Park ◽

Elizabeth M. Brannon

Keyword(s):

Number Sense ◽

Underlying Mechanism

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Contrasting underlying mechanisms of different barrier coating types

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj17.01.31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 31-37

Author(s):

Bryan McCulloch ◽

John Roper ◽

Kaitlin Rosen

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Mechanical Degradation ◽

Design Rules ◽

Barrier Coatings ◽

Barrier Materials ◽

Barrier Coating ◽

Coating Type ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Barrier coatings are used in applications including food packaging, dry goods, and consumer products to prevent transport of different compounds either through or into paper and paperboard substrates. These coatings are useful in packaging to contain active ingredients, such as fragrances, or to protect contents from detrimental substances, such as oxygen, water, grease, or other chemicals of concern. They also are used to prevent visual changes or mechanical degradation that might occur if the paper becomes saturated. The performance and underlying mechanism depends on the barrier coating type and, in particular, on whether the barrier coating is designed to prevent diffusive or capillary transport. Estimates on the basis of fundamental transport phenomena and data from a broad screening of different barrier materials can be used to understand the limits of various approaches to construct barrier coatings. These estimates also can be used to create basic design rules for general classes of barrier coatings.

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