Disconnection between conservation awareness and outcome: Identifying a bottleneck on non-native species introduction via footwear

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 113439
Author(s):  
Fumika Nishizawa ◽  
Takahiro Kubo ◽  
Asuka Koyama ◽  
Munemitsu Akasaka
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Conservation Awareness

Diversity of tropical macroalgae in the New Zealand marine aquarium trade

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kirill Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Aquarium Trade ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Species Introductions ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Negative Impacts

<p>Exotic species often slip through international borders undetected. Many perish but for some species introduction to a foreign land or sea brings release from natural enemies and a chance to establish a population. Increased global trade has increased the frequency of species introductions through stowaways and lapses in biosecurity. Once an invader is established there is the opportunity for explosive population growth at the detriment of native species and humans. The marine aquarium trade is a significant vector of species introductions, including algal introductions. The most publicized introduction from aquaria was the release of the green alga Caulerpa taxifolia from the Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. C. taxifolia introduction had large negative impacts on the invaded ecosystem.  Molecular barcoding of tropical macroalgae entering the New Zealand aquarium trade was implemented using various molecular markers (cox1, cox3, rbcL tufA, LSU). Both NCBI Blast searches and maximum-likelihood phylogenies were used to identify the isolates. A total of 62 species of tropical macroalgae were identified from coral rocks imported into New Zealand, plus samples from reef hobbyists. Some species found are known as invasive elsewhere, for example, Caulerpa cylindracea, C. racemosa, C. sertularioides, Ulva ohnoi and Chaetomorpha vieillardii. All three major groups of algae were well represented in my findings with 26 species of red algae, 24 species of green algae and 12 species of brown algae. Temperature tolerance limits are the largest determinant in survival in algae, while salinity and pH are less significant. Temperature tolerance of tropical algae to the minimum Sea Surface Temperature in Auckland (14°C) and Wellington (11°C) was tested. My results show that one species Chaetomorpha vieillardii can survive at Auckland minimum winter sea surface temperatures. Our findings have important implications for New Zealand biosecurity, as not only are a large diversity of exotic macroalgae entering the New Zealand marine aquarium trade unregulated, but there is also the potential for them to survive in New Zealand waters.   </p>

scholarly journals Inventory of the fish fauna from Ivaí River basin, Paraná State, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Frota ◽  
Gabriel de Carvalho Deprá ◽  
Letícia Machado Petenucci ◽  
Weferson Júnio da Graça
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
High Species Richness

Abstract We compiled data on fish fauna of the Ivaí River basin from recent specialised literature, standardised sampling and records of species deposited in fish collections. There were 118 fish species of eight orders and 29 families. Of these, 100 species are autochthonous (84.8%), 13, allochthonous (11.0%) and five, exotic (4.2%). The main causes for the occurrence of non-native species are escapes from aquaculture, introduction for fishing purposes and the construction of the Itaipu hydroelectric plant. The predominance of small and medium-sized Characiformes and Siluriformes, including 13 species new to science, accounts for approximately 11.0% of all species and 13.0% of all native species. About 10.2% of all species and 12.0% of all native species are endemic to the upper stretch of the Ivaí River, isolated by numerous waterfalls in tributary rivers and streams. The Ivaí River basin is subjected to various anthropogenic interferences such as pollution, eutrophication, siltation, construction of dams, flood control, fisheries, species introduction and release of fingerlings. These activities raise concerns about biodiversity of Brazilian inland waters especially regarding the fish fauna; the basin of the Ivaí River already has species classified in categories of extinction risk: Brycon nattereri and Apareiodon vladii (Vulnerable) and Characidium heirmostigmata and Steindachneridion scriptum (Endangered). The high species richness of native fish, endemism of some, high environmental heterogeneity, high risk of extinction and lack of knowledge of several other species along with the eminent human activities raise the need to enrich the scientific knowledge for future conservation efforts for the studied basin.

scholarly journals Non-native small terrestrial vertebrates in the Galapagos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
History Of

Humans have translocated thousands of species of flora, fauna and microorganisms to places they would never have reached on their own. Non-native species may have effects on biological communities, ecosystem functions and human populations. In island environments, the effects of spreading non-native species on native biodiversity can be severe and lead to native ecosystem transformation and even endemic species extinction. The Galapagos Islands are a region of particular interest and relevance to the issue of species introduction and invasiveness. In this paper, I analyse the current status of 25 non-native amphibians, reptiles and birds that have been reported in the Galapagos Islands. Six species have established self-sufficiently in Galapagos and may become invasive: Fowler’s snouted tree frog Scinax quinquefasciatus, common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus, mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris, dwarf gecko Gonatodes caudiscutatus, Peters’ leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus reissii, and smooth-billed ani Crotophaga ani. Domestic fowl Gallus gallus holds feral populations, which may have self-sufficient populations, but evidence is unclear. I provide information on the distribution and natural history of non-native species of amphibians, reptiles and birds in Galapagos, including new data about the introduction history of S. quinquefasciatus; evidence on the establishment of H. frenatus on Isabela and San Cristobal islands; the first published record of a non-native snake in Galapagos, Lampropeltis micropholis; the first evidence of predation on squamate reptiles by G. gallus in Galapagos; and evidence of a probable major impact by C. ani due to extensive predation on the endemic Galapagos carpenter bee Xylocopa darwini. I comment on the invasiveness and impact potential of non-native species in Galapagos, identify vulnerable islands for the arrival of non-native species, identify potential hitchhiker that could arrive in the future and propose that it is important to rethink about how we understand, manage and prevent introductions of non-native species. The new wave of introduced species in Galapagos is formed by small hitchhikers, species that are easily overlooked, may travel in high numbers and are highly linked to human-made environments.

scholarly journals FAUNA AND DISTRIBUTION OF GASTROPOD AND BIVALVE MOLLUSKS (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA, BIVALVIA) IN THE LITTORAL ZONE OF THE FAR EAST MARINE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (PETER THE GREAT BAY, SEA OF JAPAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
E. B. Lebedev ◽  
I. R. Levenets
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Far East ◽  
Peter The Great Bay ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Great Bay ◽  
Littoral Fauna

Aim. The littoral fauna of the Far East Marine Reserve was studied at the end of the last century; however, the monitoring studies of the malacofauna are relevant because of the increased recreational load and the threat of new species introduction. The aim of the work is to update the data on species composition and distribution of gastropods and bivalves on the littoral zone of the reserve.Methods. The material was collected during the monitoring studies in 2012-2014. The compilation of the collections and identification of the species were carried out according to standard methods. For the definition, conventional determinants and atlases were used.Results. As a result of the research, 49 species and taxa of mollusks were found, including 33 gastropods and 15 species and 1 hybrid of bivalves. New for the littoral fauna of the reserve were 13 species of Gastropoda, 3 species and 1 hybrid Bivalvia. It was established that the introduction of Atlantic mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis into benthic communities occurs through its hybridization with native species.Conclusion. The data obtained allows us to present a more complete picture of the biodiversity and distribution of the littoral malacofauna of the reserve, an integral part of Peter the Great Bay.

Non-indigenous marine macroalgae in native communities: a case study in the British Isles

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Mineur ◽  
Mark P. Johnson ◽  
Christine A. Maggs
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Southern England ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

It has traditionally been considered that areas with high natural species richness are likely to be more resistant to non-indigenous species than those with lower numbers of species. However, this theory has been the subject of a debate over the last decade, since some studies have shown the opposite trend. In the present study, a macroalgal survey was carried out at 24 localities in Northern Ireland and southern England, using a quadrat approach in the lower littoral. The two opposing hypotheses were tested (negative versus positive relationship between native and non-indigenous species richness) in this marine environment. The effect of the presence of ‘impacts’, potential sources of disturbance and species introduction (e.g. marina, harbour or aquaculture), was also tested. A positive relationship was found between the number of non-indigenous species and the native species richness at the three different scales tested (quadrats, sites and localities). At no scale did a richer native assemblage appear to restrict the establishment of introduced species. The analyses revealed greater species richness and different community composition, as well as more non-indigenous species, in southern England relative to Northern Ireland. The presence of the considered impacts had an effect on the community composition and species richness in southern England but not in Northern Ireland. Such impacts had no effect on the non-indigenous species richness in either area.

scholarly journals Growing, losing or introducing? Cage aquaculture as a vector for the introduction of non-native fish in Furnas Reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Monteiro de Azevedo-Santos ◽  
Odila Rigolin-Sá ◽  
Fernando Mayer Pelicice
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Hydroelectric Reservoirs ◽  
Fish Introductions ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Cage Aquaculture ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Cage aquaculture has been developed in many countries, including Brazil. This form of production, although economically productive, may cause several impacts to the environment. Considering the historical relationship between aquaculture and species introduction, our study investigated the potential of cage aquaculture in spreading non-native species into hydroelectric reservoirs. We interviewed 19 fish farmers in Furnas Reservoir, Grande River basin. All producers have grown exclusively Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an African fish, and all producers reported the occurrence of fish escapes. Releases were mainly accidental, but highly frequent during some management procedures, such as length classification, fish capture and juvenile stocking. Escapes were also reported due to cage damage and deliberate releases. These results indicate that, in cage aquaculture facilities, fish are frequently released to the external environment. When raising non-native species (e.g. Furnas Reservoir), these facilities constitute an important vector for fish introductions.

scholarly journals Local fish extinction in a small tropical lake in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo dos Santos Pompeu ◽  
Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Submerged Vegetation ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belo Horizonte

Lagoa Santa is a shallow permanent lake, located in Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, Brazil. In this study, the loss in fish diversity of the lake over the past 150 years is evaluated. Local extinction of almost 70% of the original fish fauna is described. Probably, the main causes of this richness loss were: obstruction of natural communication with rio das Velhas, non-native species introduction, change in the water level, organic pollution, and elimination of littoral and submerged vegetation.

Effort and potential efficiencies for aquatic non-native species early detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2064-2079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel C. Hoffman ◽  
John R. Kelly ◽  
Anett S. Trebitz ◽  
Greg S. Peterson ◽  
Corlis W. West
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Benthic Invertebrate ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Species Accumulation Curves ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Statistical Estimation Theory ◽  
Accumulation Curves

Our objective was to determine the effort required for high-probability early detection of non-native zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, and fish using Duluth–Superior Harbor — a Great Lakes port under intense non-native species introduction pressure — as a case study. Initially, we allocated samples using a spatially balanced random design. We then resampled the harbor, but allocated samples to a few targeted areas. We detected 21 non-native invertebrate and 10 non-native fish species; however, many rare zooplankton and benthic invertebrates were likely missed. The two designs did not have significantly different species accumulation curves, but the targeted area design samples had higher species richness and detected non-native species with a significantly higher probability. It was possible to reduce the effort required to detect established non-native species. In contrast, the effort required to detect an ultra-rare, newly arrived species remained large. Based on statistical estimation theory, the effort required to detect 95% or more of species present could exceed enumerating 750 zooplankton samples (~500 000 individuals, ~90 species), 150 benthic invertebrate samples (~100 000 individuals, ~250 species), and 100 fish samples (~75 000 individuals, ~40 species).

scholarly journals Modeling the risk of introduction of non-native species by biofouling on ships' hulls: case study of Arzew port (Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel KACIMI ◽  
Abderrahmane BOUDA ◽  
Bilel BENSARI ◽  
Nour El Islam BACHARI ◽  
Fouzia HOUMA
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Aquatic Invasive Species ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Species Introduction ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Environmental Similarity

Abstract Biofouling of ship hulls is considered as one of the oldest vectors for the transfer of aquatic invasive species. However, the introduction of non-native species by ballast water has received much more research attention. In this study, an alternative approach to dealing with biofouling was proposed for the port of Arzew, based on ship characteristics and transit routes. The strategy consisted of calculation of the surface area of biofouling of all ships calling at the port of Arzew during the period (2013–2016), to which was added spatial modeling using a Geographic Information System to highlight the most relevant information. We identified the areas that represented a high risk of species introduction according to their respective ecoregions of origin; those areas that constituted a minor risk, the type of ship that most likely promotes the establishment of non-native species by comparing the environmental similarity of the ecoregions assigned to the different ships with the environmental characteristics of the port of Arzew obtained by satellite imagery. The study showed that over a period of four years, 5,733 ships called at the port of Arzew, accumulating a total surface area of 35 million square meters. These results can be used for invasive species management purposes; such as: the application of specific regulations on ships of a certain tonnage that most promote the transfer of non-indigenous species, as well as their ecoregions of origin that present a great environmental similarity with the western Mediterranean, in order to minimize the transfer of aquatic invasive species.

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