Screening two biodegradable polymers in enhanced efficiency fertiliser formulations reveals the need to prioritise performance goals

2022 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 114264
Author(s):  
M.R. Redding ◽  
T. Witt ◽  
C.R. Lobsey ◽  
D.G. Mayer ◽  
B. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Performance Goals

Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-655
Author(s):  
William G. Pearson ◽  
Jacline V. Griffeth ◽  
Alexis M. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Laryngeal Elevation ◽  
Port Closure ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Hyoid Movement ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Pharyngeal Constriction

Purpose Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion. Conclusion Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.

Lipospheres: Emerging Carriers in the Delivery of Proteins and Peptides

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Manju Rawat ◽  
Swarnlata Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Peptide Delivery ◽  
Chemical Instabilities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

Currently, drug delivery technologies for protein and peptide delivery mainly rely on biodegradable polymers. However, protein stability during release from these systems can be critical due to physical and chemical instabilities. Lipospheres are solid microparticles composed of fat core stabilized by phospholipids layer represent an alternative carrier for the delivery of highly challenging, labile and unstable  substances. This review highlights various aspects of lipospheres like physicochemical characteristics and stability for better clinical utility with a wider spectrum of proteins and peptides.

Possibilities of using biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Raisa A. Alekhina ◽  
Victoriya E. Slavkina ◽  
Yuliya A. Lopatina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article presents options for recycling polymers. The use of biodegradable materials is promising. This is a special class of polymers that can decompose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under the action of microorganisms or enzymes forming natural products such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing biodegradable materials that can be used for the manufacture of products used in agriculture. (Materials and methods) The study are based on open information sources containing information about biodegradable materials. Research methods are collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable materials, mechanical properties of the main groups of biodegradable polymers. The article provides a summary list of agricultural products that can be made from biodegradable polymer materials. It was found that products from the general group are widely used in agriculture. Authors have found that products from a special group can only be made from biodegradable polymers with a controlled decomposition period in the soil, their use contributes to increasing the productivity of crops. (Conclusions) It was found that biodegradable polymer materials, along with environmental safety, have mechanical properties that allow them producing products that do not carry significant loads during operation. We have shown that the creation of responsible products (machine parts) from biodegradable polymers requires an increase in their strength properties, which is achievable by creating composites based on them. It was found that the technological complexity of their manufacture and high cost are the limiting factors for the widespread use of biodegradable polymers at this stage.

scholarly journals Validation of the Society for Vascular Surgery's Objective Performance Goals for critical limb ischemia in everyday vascular surgery practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip P. Goodney ◽  
Andres Schanzer ◽  
Randall R. DeMartino ◽  
Brian W. Nolan ◽  
Nathanael D. Hevelone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Surgery ◽  
Critical Limb Ischemia ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Performance Goals ◽  
Objective Performance

scholarly journals Insights into Biodegradable Polymer-Supported Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts for Environmental Remediation

Macromol ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-233
Author(s):  
Nina Maria Ainali ◽  
Dimitrios Kalaronis ◽  
Eleni Evgenidou ◽  
Dimitrios N. Bikiaris ◽  
Dimitra A. Lambropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Polymeric Substrates ◽  
Published Research

During the past two decades, immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a well-known photocatalyst, on several polymeric substrates has extensively gained ground since it limits the need of post-treatment separation stages. Taking into account the numerous substrates tested for supporting TiO2 photocatalysts, the use of biodegradable polymer seems a hopeful option owing to its considerable merits, including the flexible nature, low price, chemical inertness, mechanical stability and wide feasibility. The present review places its emphasis on recently published research articles (2011–2021) and exhibits the most innovative studies facilitating the eco-friendly biodegradable polymers to fabricate polymer-based photocatalysts, while the preparation details, photocatalytic performance and reuse of the TiO2/polymer photocatalysts is also debated. The biodegradable polymers examined herein comprise of chitosan (CS), cellulose, alginate, starch, poly(lactid acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), while an emphasis on the synthetical pathway (dip-coating, electrospinning, etc.) of the photocatalysts is provided.

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