Possibilities of using biodegradable polymeric materials in the agricultural sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Raisa A. Alekhina ◽  
Victoriya E. Slavkina ◽  
Yuliya A. Lopatina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article presents options for recycling polymers. The use of biodegradable materials is promising. This is a special class of polymers that can decompose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions under the action of microorganisms or enzymes forming natural products such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water, biomass, and inorganic salts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing biodegradable materials that can be used for the manufacture of products used in agriculture. (Materials and methods) The study are based on open information sources containing information about biodegradable materials. Research methods are collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable materials, mechanical properties of the main groups of biodegradable polymers. The article provides a summary list of agricultural products that can be made from biodegradable polymer materials. It was found that products from the general group are widely used in agriculture. Authors have found that products from a special group can only be made from biodegradable polymers with a controlled decomposition period in the soil, their use contributes to increasing the productivity of crops. (Conclusions) It was found that biodegradable polymer materials, along with environmental safety, have mechanical properties that allow them producing products that do not carry significant loads during operation. We have shown that the creation of responsible products (machine parts) from biodegradable polymers requires an increase in their strength properties, which is achievable by creating composites based on them. It was found that the technological complexity of their manufacture and high cost are the limiting factors for the widespread use of biodegradable polymers at this stage.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Drawing on Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Fibers

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo La Mantia ◽  
Manuela Ceraulo ◽  
Maria Chiara Mistretta ◽  
Marco Morreale
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Biodegradable polymers are currently gaining importance in several fields, because they allow mitigation of the impact on the environment related to disposal of traditional, nonbiodegradable polymers, as well as reducing the utilization of oil-based sources (when they also come from renewable resources). Fibers made of biodegradable polymers are of particular interest, though, it is not easy to obtain polymer fibers with suitable mechanical properties and to tailor these to the specific application. The main ways to tailor the mechanical properties of a given biodegradable polymer fiber are based on crystallinity and orientation control. However, crystallinity can only marginally be modified during processing, while orientation can be controlled, either during hot drawing or cold stretching. In this paper, a systematic investigation of the influence of cold stretching on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of fibers prepared from different biodegradable polymer systems was carried out. Methods Rheological and thermal characterization helped in interpreting the orientation mechanisms, also on the basis of the molecular structure of the polymer systems. Results and conclusions It was found that cold drawing strongly improved the elastic modulus, tensile strength and thermomechanical resistance of the fibers, in comparison with hot-spun fibers. The elastic modulus showed higher increment rates in the biodegradable systems upon increasing the draw ratio.

scholarly journals The Reducing Approaches of Scattering Losses in Polymer Planar Optical Waveguides

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
T. Radzievskaya ◽  
N. Ivanov ◽  
S. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
High Speed Data ◽  
Scattering Losses ◽  
Planar Optical Waveguides

The article presents the development prospects of planar optical waveguides for high-speed data transmission systems optoelectronic buses by polymer materials. The advantages and disadvantages of using non-specialized polymeric materials for general use are revealed. The polymer planar optical waveguides fabrication technologies are proposed. The main losses types in planar optical waveguides, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as approaches to their reduction are determined. Using the example of PDMS polymer and soft lithography technology, the technological process critical stages of polymer planar optical waveguides production are noted, which contribute to an scattering losses increase. For each stage, algorithms are proposed to prevent an scattering losses increase. These algorithms were implemented in practice in the manufacture of layouts of polymer planar optical waveguides of the optical-electronic data transmission bus.

scholarly journals Preparation of Porous Biodegradable Polymer and Its Nanocomposites by Supercritical CO2Foaming for Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liao ◽  
Haichen Zhang ◽  
Ting He
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
High Level ◽  
Foaming Technology

Using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as an alternative to conventional methods in the preparation of porous biodegradable polymer and polymer/nanocomposites for tissue engineering has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the absence of using organic solvents and the ability to incorporate thermosensitive biologicals without loss of bioactivity. Additionally, scCO2can exert a high level of control over porosity and morphology of scaffolds by tuning the processing parameters. This paper describes the newly achievements on the preparation of porous polymer materials using scCO2foaming technology with focus on the porous biodegradable materials and its nanocomposites relevant to tissue engineering.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RESTORATION OF MACHINE PARTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (142) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Alexander Kostyukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Main Property ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Metal Polymer

At repair enterprises, various metal-polymer materials are used to restore the interfaces. Metal-polymer materials can be filled with the following components: steel, bronze, aluminum, titanium. The main advantages of metal polymers are their resistance to negative environmental influences, mechanical friction and high temperatures. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the possibilities of metal-polymer materials for effective use in the restoration of machine parts and to give suggestions for improving their physical and mechanical properties during the restoration work. (Materials and methods) Authors studied metal-polymer materials of well-known companies: "Belzona" (USA), "Durmetal" (Switzerland), "Diamant" (Germany), "Loctite" (USA), Chester Molecular (Poland). The article presents the data on their use in the restoration of various parts. The metal polymer materials of foreign companies are characterized by stable quality and high physical and technical characteristics; domestic materials are still inferior to imported ones due to the low quality of the incoming components. (Results and discussion) The main property of coatings is the adhesive strength, which largely determines the resource of the restored part. The main factors that affect the adhesive strength are described in the article. It is possible to significantly increase the adhesive strength of the coatings due to the preliminary electric spark treatment of the worn part. The article presents data on the effectiveness of electric spark coatings as an independent technological process in the restoration of the part. The use of a combined technology of electric spark processing with subsequent application of metal-polymer materials provides undeniable advantages in the restoration of parts. (Conclusions) To improve the physical and mechanical properties of coatings, it is advisable to combine the technology of electric spark processing with the use of metal-polymer coatings. This will expand the possibilities of using part recovery technologies.

Polymer Nanocomposite Development for Electronic Industry Needs

2009 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jari Koskinen ◽  
Mikko Karttunen ◽  
Mika Paajanen ◽  
Juha Sarlin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Electronic Industry ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The properties of polymeric materials have been enhanced by developing nanocomposites in several projects at the Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT. The improvement of conductivity, dielectric, mechanical properties and the thermal stability of polymer materials opens new application potential in electronic industry. In this paper the results of several projects are presented. By applying nano-POSS particles in polypropylene and epoxy the break down voltage was increased by 10 - 20%. The use of carbon nanotubes in polyaniline enhanced the conductivity by two decades compared to the commercially available polymers.

scholarly journals Biodegradable polymer materials and modifying additives: state of the art. Part I

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 320-325
Author(s):  
I.N. Vikhareva ◽  
I.I. Zaripov ◽  
D.F. Kinzyabulatova ◽  
N.S. Minigazimov ◽  
G.K. Aminova
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Current State ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
Further Development

One of the most demanded materials on the planet is plastic, the excellent performance of which contributes to the accumulation of a significant amount of waste on its basis. In this regard, a new approach to the development of these materials has been formed in scientific circles: the production of polymer composites with constant performance characteristics for a certain period and then capable of destruction under the influence of environmental factors. Analysis of the current state of the industry of polymeric materials shows that the most urgent is the use of such classical polymers as polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride. First of all, the optimal solution to this problem due to the lack of a suitable replacement for traditional polymers is the development of composites based on them with the use of biodegradable additives. In this case, a set of problems associated with waste disposal is solved: the decomposition period of the recycled waste is significantly reduced, the territories required for plastic waste are reduced. The paper outlines the preconditions for the emergence and further development of the field of biodegradable polymers. The main quantitative characteristics of the production capacities of manufactured bioplastics by types, regions and industries of application are given. Modern methods of reducing and regulating the degradation time of polymer materials are presented. The main global and domestic manufacturers of biodegradable polymers and their products are listed, as well as a list of the main manufacturers of biodegradable additives for polymeric materials. Modern types of bioplastics based on renewable raw materials, composites with their use, as well as modified materials from natural and synthetic polymers are listed. The main methods for determining the biodegradability of existing bioplastics are described

Modeling the Performance of a Flat Solar Collector Based on Cellular Polymeric Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (43) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Dmitriy S. Strebkov ◽  
◽  
Natal’ya S. Filippchenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cellular Polymer

Currently, in the field of energy supply of agro-industrial facilities, there is an increasing interest in the development of new structures and engineering systems using solar energy, including flat solar collectors based on cellular polymer materials. Modern solar collectors based on metal absorbers, despite their high efficiency, have a large specific weight, high metal consumption and cost. The use of cellular polymer materials for the manufacture of solar collector absorbers reduces the cost and reduces the weight of the installation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a numerical simulation of the performance of a flat solar collector based on cellular polymer materials. (Materials and methods) Authors used analytical methods for mathematical modeling of a flat salt collector based on cellular polymer materials. The article presents a mathematical model of a flat solar collector in the computer program ANSYS Fluent. The distribution contours of temperature and pressure of the coolant in the channels of a flat solar collector were obtained at different values of the coolant flow rate at the inlet. (Results and discussion) The article presents comparison the temperature of the coolant at the output of the solar collector on the flow rate of the coolant obtained analytically and using the developed CFD model. The results of verification of the calculated model of the solar collector showed its adequacy and high convergence of the data obtained using the computer model. (Conclusions) The article presents a design of a flat solar collector based on cellular polymer materials. The developed design of a flat solar collector allows us to reduce the specific weight more than three times and reduce the cost while maintaining high thermal performance.

MODERN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE RESTORATION OF MACHINE PARTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (142) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Alexander Yu. Kostyukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Main Property ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Metal Polymer

At repair enterprises, various metal-polymer materials are used to restore the interfaces. Metal-polymer materials can be filled with the following components: steel, bronze, aluminum, titanium. The main advantages of metal polymers are their resistance to negative environmental influences, mechanical friction and high temperatures. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the possibilities of metal-polymer materials for effective use in the restoration of machine parts and to give suggestions for improving their physical and mechanical properties during the restoration work. (Materials and methods) Authors studied metal-polymer materials of well-known companies: "Belzona" (USA), "Durmetal" (Switzerland), "Diamant" (Germany), "Loctite" (USA), Chester Molecular (Poland). The article presents the data on their use in the restoration of various parts. The metal polymer materials of foreign companies are characterized by stable quality and high physical and technical characteristics; domestic materials are still inferior to imported ones due to the low quality of the incoming components. (Results and discussion) The main property of coatings is the adhesive strength, which largely determines the resource of the restored part. The main factors that affect the adhesive strength are described in the article. It is possible to significantly increase the adhesive strength of the coatings due to the preliminary electric spark treatment of the worn part. The article presents data on the effectiveness of electric spark coatings as an independent technological process in the restoration of the part. The use of a combined technology of electric spark processing with subsequent application of metal-polymer materials provides undeniable advantages in the restoration of parts. (Conclusions) To improve the physical and mechanical properties of coatings, it is advisable to combine the technology of electric spark processing with the use of metal-polymer coatings. This will expand the possibilities of using part recovery technologies.

Biodegradable polymer materials based on polyethylene and starch, modified with non-ionic surfactant

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Михаил Григорьевич Балыхин ◽  
Изабелла Сергеевна Тверитникова ◽  
Ирина Анатольевна Кирш ◽  
Ольга Анатольевна Банникова ◽  
Ольга Владимировна Безнаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Polymer Waste

С каждым годом упаковки производится все больше и больше. В настоящее время все больше актуализируется проблема утилизации полимерных отходов. Одним из перспективных направлений в области утилизации упаковки является создание биоразлагаемых полимерных материалов. Главное их преимущество - это возможность использования в качестве наполнителей сырья постоянно воспроизводимых в природе веществ, сельскохозяйственных продуктов и отходов их производства, содержащих крахмалы, в отличие от нефти, угля и газа, имеющих ограниченный запас в природе. Анализ рынка биоразлагаемых полимерных материалов показал, что сегодня наибольший спрос имеет сегмент так называемых «дешевых» композиций. Поэтому целью работы является создание биодеградируемых полимерных композиций на основе синтетического полимера и природных материалов. В качестве объектов были выбраны синтетический материал - полиэтилен, природные вещества - кукурузный и картофельный крахмал, а в качестве модификатора неионогенное поверхностно-активное вещество, являющееся инициатором биоразложения. В работе были проведены исследования на реологические свойства и деформационно-прочностные характеристики, на способность исследуемых композиций к набуханию и биодеградации. В ходе работы были получены полимерные композиции, модифицированные природным материалом в количестве 20 % и 30 %, а также композиции с введением крахмала 20 % и 30 % с содержанием 2 % неионогенного поверхностно-активного вещества. Проведя исследования, можно отметить, что введение неионогенного поверхностно-активного вещества в крахмалонаполненные полимерные композиции улучшает реологические характеристики и повышает их прочностные характеристики; полученные модифицированные крахмалонаполненные композиции обладают повышенной биоразлагаемостью по сравнению с контрольными образцами. Every year more and more packaging is produced. Currently, the problem of recycling polymer waste is becoming more and more urgent. One of the promising directions in the field of packaging recycling is the creation of biodegradable polymeric materials. The main advantage of using biodegradable polymer compositions is the ability to use as fillers, raw materials constantly reproduced in nature, substances, agricultural products and waste products containing starches, in contrast to oil, coal and gas, which have a limited supply in nature. Analysis of the market for biodegradable polymer materials showed that today the segment of so-called «cheap» compositions is in greatest demand. Therefore, the aim of this work is to create biodegradable polymer compositions based on synthetic polymer and natural materials. The objects were selected: a synthetic material - polyethylene, natural substances - corn and potato starch, and as a modifier a nonionic surfactant that initiates biodegradation. In this work, the following studies were carried out on rheological properties and deformation-strength characteristics, on the ability of the studied compositions to swell and biodegradation. In the course of the work, polymer compositions were obtained modified with natural material in an amount of 20 % and 30 %, as well as compositions with the introduction of starch 20 % and 30 % with a content of 2 % nonionic surfactant. After conducting research, it can be noted that when a nonionic surfactant is introduced into starch-filled polymer compositions, it improves rheological characteristics and increases their strength characteristics; the obtained modified starch-filled compositions have increased biodegradability in comparison with the control samples.

Effect of biodegradable oil use on the mechanical properties of plastics used in the railway surface (Odziaływanie biodegradowalnego oleju na właściwości mechaniczne tworzyw sztucznych stosowanych w nawierzchni kolejowej)

2020 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kowalik ◽  
Mariusz Fabijański
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Plastic Components ◽  
Biodegradable Lubricant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Railway Turnout

The purpose of this study is to present the requirements, methodology, and results of research on the impact of biodegradable oil on plastic components used in the construction of a railway turnout. Briefly discussed are what railroad turnouts are, how they work, and what problems occur with substances used for their lubrication. They have an impact on the mechanical properties and durability of products made of polymeric materials. These types of materials absorb various kinds of chemicals, to a greater or lesser degree, and this affects their properties. For the tests, we used a universal lubrication oil with biodegradable properties, which is its most significant advantage. However, it may not cause deterioration of the turnout operation and change the properties of materials used for its construction. These types of oils require more frequent applications on cooperating components. We used the two most popular polymer materials. The first is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), used to make all kinds of rail spacers, dowels for fixing rails, sleeves, etc. The second, polyurethane (PUR) is most commonly used for rail pads of various shapes. The methodology and results of testing the impact of a lubricant (biodegradable oil) on the change of mechanical properties such as strength and hardness are presented. The tests were carried out at various temperatures; the time of exposure to oil was seven days; the results were referred to samples conditioned under standard conditions. The tests carried out on the impact of the biodegradable lubricant on polymeric materials (HDPE and PUR) showed little effect on the change of strength parameters of these materials. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie wymagań, metodyki oraz wyników badań oddziałania biodegradowalnego oleju na elementy z tworzyw sztucznych stosownych w budo-wie rozjazdu kolejowego. Krótko omówiono czym są rozjazdy kolejowe i jak działają oraz jakie występują problemy z substancjami używanymi do ich smarowania, które nie pozostają bez wpływu na właściwości mechaniczne i trwałość wyrobów z materiałów polimerowych. Materiały tego typu wchłaniają różnego rodzaju substancje chemiczne w większym lub mniejszym stopniu, a to ma wpływ na ich właściwości. Do badań został wykorzystany uniwersalny olej do smarowania o biodegradowalnych właściwościach, co jest jego największą zaletą. Jednak nie może on powodować pogorszenia pracy rozjazdu oraz zmieniać właściwości materiałów użytych do jego budowy. Tego typu oleje wymagają częstszego aplikowania na elementy współpracujące ze sobą. W pracy wykorzystano dwa najbardziej popularne materiały polimerowe. Pierw-szy to polietylen o dużej gęstości (HDPE), z którego wykonuje się wszelkiego rodzaju przekładki podszynowe, dyble do mocowania szyn, tuleje, itp. Drugi to poliuretan (PUR) stosowany najczęściej na przekładki podszynowe o różnym kształcie. Zaprezentowano metodykę i wyniki ba-dań oddziaływania środka smarnego (biodegradowalnego oleju) na zmianę właściwości mechanicznych takich jak wytrzymałość oraz twardość. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w różnych temperaturach, a czas ekspozycji na olej wynosił 7 dób, wyniki odniesiono do próbek klimatyzowanych w standardowych warunkach. Przeprowadzone badania oddziaływania biodegradowalnego środka smarnego na tworzywa polimerowe (HDPE i PUR), wykazały niewielki wpływ na zmianę parametrów wytrzymałościowych tych materiałów.

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