Lake fish as the main contributor of internal dose to lakeshore residents in the Chernobyl contaminated area

Abstract The article presents an approach to modeling the internal membrane pressure wave inside a sealed structure. During an explosion near a vehicle when a pressure wave reaches a hull, a pressure wave inside arises due to the hull’s bottom and the deformation of sides. They act like the piston - membrane. This membrane transfers the pressure impulse into the vehicle’s interior. A pressure increase causes the damage of internal organs or even death of occupants. In case of an armor penetration the pressure increase may be even larger. One of basic methods to protect a crew is to open hatches. However, such a method cannot be used in a contaminated area.

Download Full-text

Composite grains from volcanic terranes: Internal dose rates of supposed ‘potassium-rich’ feldspar grains used for optical dating at Liang Bua, Indonesia

Quaternary Geochronology ◽

10.1016/j.quageo.2021.101182 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 101182

Author(s):

Kieran O'Gorman ◽

Dominique Tanner ◽

Mariana Sontag-González ◽

Bo Li ◽

Frank Brink ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Dose ◽

Optical Dating ◽

Dose Rates

Download Full-text

Internal dose assessment of 148Gd using isotope ratios of gamma-emitting 146Gd or 153Gd in accidently released spallation target particles

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-77718-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

C. Rääf ◽

V. Barkauskas ◽

K. Eriksson Stenström ◽

C. Bernhardsson ◽

H. B. L. Pettersson

Keyword(s):

Operation Time ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Dose Assessment ◽

Sensitive Indicator ◽

Whole Body ◽

Internal Dose ◽

Tungsten Target ◽

Alpha Emitter ◽

Spallation Source ◽

Effective Doses

AbstractThe pure alpha emitter 148Gd may have a significant radiological impact in terms of internal dose to exposed humans in case of accidental releases from a spallation source using a tungsten target, such as the one to be used in the European Spallation Source (ESS). In this work we aim to present an approach to indirectly estimate the whole-body burden of 148Gd and the associated committed effective dose in exposed humans, by means of high-resolution gamma spectrometry of the gamma-emitting radiogadolinium isotopes 146Gd and 153Gd that are accompanied by 148Gd generated from the operation of the tungsten target. Theoretical minimum detectable whole-body activity (MDA) and associated internal doses from 148Gd are calculated using a combination of existing biokinetic models and recent computer simulation studies on the generated isotope ratios of 146Gd/148Gd and 153Gd/148Gd in the ESS target. Of the two gamma-emitting gadolinium isotopes, 146Gd is initially the most sensitive indicator of the presence of 148Gd if whole-body counting is performed within a month after the release, using the twin photo peaks of 146Gd centered at 115.4 keV (MDA < 1 Bq for ingested 148Gd, and < 25 Bq for inhaled 148Gd). The corresponding minimum detectable committed effective doses will be less than 1 µSv for ingested 148Gd, but substantially higher for inhaled 148Gd (up to 0.3 mSv), depending on operation time of the target prior to the release. However, a few months after an atmospheric release, 153Gd becomes a much more sensitive indicator of body burdens of 148Gd, with a minimum detectable committed effective doses ranging from 18 to 77 µSv for chronic ingestion and between 0.65 to 2.7 mSv for acute inhalation in connection to the release. The main issue with this indirect method for 148Gd internal dose estimation, is whether the primary photon peaks from 146 and 153Gd can be detected undisturbed. Preliminary simulations show that nuclides such as 182Ta may potentially create perturbations that could impair this evaluation method, and which impact needs to be further studied in future safety assessments of accidental target releases.

Download Full-text

Hepato-renal toxicities associated with heavy metal contamination of water sources among residents of an oil contaminated area in Nigeria

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 212 ◽

pp. 111988

Author(s):

Caroline C. Thomas ◽

Augusta C. Nsonwu-Anyanwu ◽

Chinyere A.O. Usoro ◽

Eni-yimini S. Agoro ◽

Augusta N. Idenyi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Water Sources ◽

Contaminated Area

Download Full-text

Poplar-Assisted Bioremediation for Recovering a PCB and Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Area

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 689

Author(s):

Valeria Ancona ◽

Ida Rascio ◽

Giorgia Aimola ◽

Claudia Campanale ◽

Paola Grenni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Contaminant Removal ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Treated Area ◽

Legal Limits ◽

Bacterial Groups ◽

Contaminated Area ◽

Stimulation Of

A Monviso clone has been applied to promote PCB degradation in a soil historically contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals (HMs). The multi-contaminated area is located in Southern Italy. PCBs, HMs, and the soil microbial community (abundance, viability, and structure) were analysed in selected plots of the poplar-treated area. At 900 days after poplar planting, chemical analyses showed that PCBs and most of HMs diminished under the Italian legal limits. The overall results suggest that the poplar clone was effective in promoting PCB rhizodegradation and HM phytostabilization. Organic carbon content increased strongly in the rhizosphere of the planted plots. Microbiological results highlighted an overall increase in microbial abundance, cell viability, and the presence of bacterial groups involved in PCB degradation. The poplar-based bioremediation technology is a nature-based solution able to promote the recovery of soil quality in terms of contaminant removal, increase in organic carbon, and stimulation of autochthonous bacterial groups able to transform PCBs.

Download Full-text

Age-Related Frailty: A Clinical Model for Geroscience?

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-020-1491-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 1140-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Catherine Takeda ◽

D. Angioni ◽

E. Setphan ◽

T. Macaron ◽

P. De Souto Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Medical History ◽

Older Age ◽

The Other ◽

Everyday Practice ◽

Clinical Model ◽

Main Contributor ◽

Age Related ◽

History Of

AbstractIn their everyday practice, geriatricians are confronted with the fact that older age and multimorbidity are associated to frailty. Indeed, if we take the example of a very old person with no diseases that progressively becomes frail with no other explanation, there is a natural temptation to link frailty to aging. On the other hand, when an old person with a medical history of diabetes, arthritis and congestive heart failure becomes frail there appears an obvious relationship between frailty and comorbidity. The unsolved question is: Considering that frailty is multifactorial and in the majority of cases comorbidity and aging are acting synergistically, can we disentangle the main contributor to the origin of frailty: disease or aging? We believe that it is important to be able to differentiate age-related frailty from frailty related to comorbidity. In fact, with the emergence of geroscience, the physiopathology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment will probably have to be different in the future.

Download Full-text