scholarly journals Groundwater as a source and pathway for road salt contamination of surface water in the Lake Ontario Basin: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceilidh Mackie ◽  
Rachel Lackey ◽  
Jana Levison ◽  
Luciana Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Road Salt

scholarly journals On Recent Trends in Atmospheric and Limnological Variables in Lake Ontario

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 5807-5816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anning Huang ◽  
Yerubandi R. Rao ◽  
Weitao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Mixed Layer ◽  
Surface Water Temperature ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Annual Time

Abstract The surface air and water temperatures increased at all seasonal and annual time scales during the last 40 yr in Lake Ontario. The annual mean air and surface water temperatures have increased by 1.43° ±0.39° and 1.26° ±0.32°C, respectively, over 1970–2009. The air temperature increased at a faster rate than the surface water temperature in winter and autumn, whereas in spring and summer the surface water temperature warmed faster than the air temperature. The length of summer stratified season has increased by 12 ± 2 days since the early 1970s due to the increase in water temperature. The decline of surface wind speed over Lake Ontario resulted in a shallower surface mixed layer and enhanced the summer thermal stratification, which increased the summer surface water temperature more rapidly than the air temperature.

Interpretations of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Lake Ontario

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2087-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Pick
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Sensitive Indicator ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Nearshore Water ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in Lake Ontario reached maximum levels of 0.25 μMP released∙h−1 during 1982. Relatively high values were first detected in nearshore surface water in May concurrent with thermal bar development and at a later date (end of June) at a midlake station following transport of nearshore water to the middle. APA remained detectable throughout the summer but declined in mid-August as a result of upwelling events. With fall mixing, APA persisted throughout the entire water column. Additions of phosphate did not inhibit APA until enrichments were much greater than maximum ambient concentrations of soluble reactive P. The findings suggest that APA is not a sensitive indicator of P deficiency. APA activity was correlated with nanoplankton (2–20 μm) plus picopiankton (0.2–2 μm) biomass but not with total algal biornass. APA associated with particles greater than 12 μm was relatively unimportant.

Impact of operational parameters on biofiltration performance: organic carbon removal and effluent turbidity

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek A. Nemani ◽  
Lizbeth Taylor-Edmonds ◽  
Nicolas M. Peleato ◽  
Robert C. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this pilot-scale study were to optimize backwash frequency and empty bed contact time (EBCT) of biofilters treating ozonated surface water from Lake Ontario. Performance was benchmarked in terms of the reduction of turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors, and ultrafiltration foulants (biopolymers). Increasing the EBCT from 4 to 8 min resulted in a higher reduction of DOC (5%), trihalomethane (THM4) and haloacetic acid (HAA9) precursors (∼12%) without negatively impacting effluent turbidity (consistently below 0.4 NTU), while biopolymer removal remained unaffected (2%). The impact of varying backwash frequency (5, 10, and 25 day intervals) was also compared for biofilters operated at an EBCT of 4 min. Results showed no impact of extended run times (up to 25 days) on DOC or DBP precursor removal; however turbidity removal was affected beyond 15 days of operation. Backwashing biofilters at 10 vs 5 day intervals would result in a reduction of backwash water, energy consumption and amount to nearly $17,000 in savings for the utility.

Composition of Phytoplankton in Surface Waters of Lake Ontario

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1715-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nalewajko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Asterionella Formosa ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Inshore Waters

Stephanodiscus tenuis Hust., Melosira islandica O. Müll., and Diatoma elongatum (Lyngb.) Ag., on a cell volume basis, were the three most important species from January 1964 to July 1965 in the surface water of Lake Ontario near Gibraltar Point.Stephanodiscus tenuis was by far the most abundant species. It was present during most of the year and accounted for about 87% of the total number of algae present during the spring outbursts.In more central areas of the lake Melosira islandica and Asterionella formosa Hass. replaced Stephanodiscus tenuis as the most important species.On the basis of the major phytoplankton species present the central area of Lake Ontario appears to be oligotrophic. High numbers of Stephanodiscus tenuis in inshore waters may be indicative of a more eutrophic environment.

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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