Accounting public and individual flood protection measures in damage assessment: A novel approach for quantitative assessment of vulnerability and flood risk associated with local engineering adaptation options

2018 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 863-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balqis M. Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Adaptation Options

scholarly journals Mapping the adaptation solution space – lessons from Jakarta for other coastal cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Wannewitz ◽  
Matthias Garschagen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The City ◽  
Adaptation Options

Abstract. Coastal cities are under increasing pressure to adapt to climate change. They suffer from the severe effects of increased frequencies and intensities of coastal hazards, particularly flooding, whilst oftentimes continuing to sprawl into hazard exposed areas and grow beyond the pace of sufficient infrastructure development. Even though these problems have been quite well understood for a while, there is still comparatively little knowledge on the solution space, i.e. on the options available for adaptation and the ways in which they are being perceived, framed and evaluated. Focusing on Jakarta as one of the cities with the highest flood risk and adaptation pressure globally, this study presents findings from a systematic review of scientific English literature on mitigation options and the adaptation solution space to counter the city’s chronic flood problem. Results indicate that the perceived solution space is skewed towards protection against flooding, while soft adaptation options as well as measures to live with flooding or retreat from exposed areas are less widely considered. This appears to not only stem from the government’s traditional preference for engineered flood protection measures but also from a bias of scientific analyses towards focusing on understanding the hazard and analyzing engineered flood protection measures, while giving much less attention to soft adaptation options and community-led adaptation focusing among others on social and natural capital, empowerment and capacity building. Similarly, hybrid adaptation approaches, which combine soft and hard measures in a complementary way, are only rarely considered. Looking into the future, the findings suggest that a more integrative scientific approach would be helpful to populate and balance the considered solution space. Jakarta is one of the most heavily researched coastal cities worldwide and lessons from Jakarta are hence of global reach and importance. Future science on the city can play a significant role in piloting new approaches on the pressing frontiers in adaptation research. But increased attention is needed on current epistemic gaps.

scholarly journals FLOPROS: an evolving global database of flood protection standards

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Scussolini ◽  
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
Brenden Jongman ◽  
Laurens M. Bouwer ◽  
Hessel C. Winsemius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Model Layer

Abstract. With projected changes in climate, population and socioeconomic activity located in flood-prone areas, the global assessment of flood risk is essential to inform climate change policy and disaster risk management. Whilst global flood risk models exist for this purpose, the accuracy of their results is greatly limited by the lack of information on the current standard of protection to floods, with studies either neglecting this aspect or resorting to crude assumptions. Here we present a first global database of FLOod PROtection Standards, FLOPROS, which comprises information in the form of the flood return period associated with protection measures, at different spatial scales. FLOPROS comprises three layers of information, and combines them into one consistent database. The design layer contains empirical information about the actual standard of existing protection already in place; the policy layer contains information on protection standards from policy regulations; and the model layer uses a validated modelling approach to calculate protection standards. The policy layer and the model layer can be considered adequate proxies for actual protection standards included in the design layer, and serve to increase the spatial coverage of the database. Based on this first version of FLOPROS, we suggest a number of strategies to further extend and increase the resolution of the database. Moreover, as the database is intended to be continually updated, while flood protection standards are changing with new interventions, FLOPROS requires input from the flood risk community. We therefore invite researchers and practitioners to contribute information to this evolving database by corresponding to the authors.

scholarly journals FLOPROS: an evolving global database of flood protection standards

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 7275-7309 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Scussolini ◽  
J. C. J. H. Aerts ◽  
B. Jongman ◽  
L. M. Bouwer ◽  
H. C. Winsemius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
Model Layer

Abstract. With the projected changes in climate, population and socioeconomic activity located in flood-prone areas, the global assessment of the flood risk is essential to inform climate change policy and disaster risk management. Whilst global flood risk models exist for this purpose, the accuracy of their results is greatly limited by the lack of information on the current standard of protection to floods, with studies either neglecting this aspect or resorting to crude assumptions. Here we present a first global database of FLOod PROtection Standards, FLOPROS, which comprises information in the form of the flood return period associated with protection measures, at different spatial scales. FLOPROS comprises three layers of information, and combines them into one consistent database. The Design layer contains empirical information about the actual standard of existing protection already in place, while the Policy layer and the Model layer are proxies for such protection standards, and serve to increase the spatial coverage of the database. The Policy layer contains information on protection standards from policy regulations; and the Model layer uses a validated modeling approach to calculate protection standards. Based on this first version of FLOPROS, we suggest a number of strategies to further extend and increase the resolution of the database. Moreover, as the database is intended to be continually updated, while flood protection standards are changing with new interventions, FLOPROS requires input from the flood risk community. We therefore invite researchers and practitioners to contribute information to this evolving database by corresponding to the authors.

scholarly journals Social Learning in Multilevel Flood Risk Governance: Lessons from the Dutch Room for the River Program

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacomien den Boer ◽  
Carel Dieperink ◽  
Farhad Mukhtarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Land And Water Management ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Integrated Flood Risk Management ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Social Learning Processes

Although social learning is a key element of multilevel flood risk governance, it is hardly studied. This paper addresses this knowledge gap. The paper aims to identify enabling conditions for social learning in multilevel flood risks governance arrangements. We first conceptualize social learning and draw up a conceptual framework consisting of enabling conditions for social learning, using the literature on adaptive co-management, sustainable land and water management, and integrated flood risk management. Next, we apply this framework to analyze social learning in the context of the Dutch Room for the River program. Our interview results reveal that social learning about integrated flood protection measures took place at multiple levels. We found that a strong personal commitment to learning and mutual interpersonal trust in working groups are key conditions for successful social learning. Based on our analysis, we conclude with some recommendations for enhancing social learning processes in future flood protection programs.

scholarly journals The determinants affecting the intention of urban residents to prevent flooding in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Yunmeng Lu ◽  
Tiezhong Liu ◽  
Yujiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaohan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
And Coping

Abstract. In the context of global warming and China’s disaster response patterns, it is critical to understand how to promote the effectiveness of household flood protection measures among the public. In this study, we developed a comprehensive theoretical framework based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to identify the main determinants that influence urban residents' intention to prepare for flooding. In addition to the fundamental factors in PMT, this framework also considered the influence of individual heterogeneity and social context. We selected urban residents in flood-prone areas of Henan Province as the study population and collected 857 valid questionnaires through an online survey. Firstly, the results showed that both threat perception and coping appraisal of flood risk are effective in increasing residents' intention to prevent. Secondly, negative risk response attitudes reduced people's intention to prepare. If people do not perceive preparedness actions as absolutely necessary, they will postpone or shift to public flood protection measures. In addition, analysis of affective pathways revealed that negative emotions were primarily influenced by perceptions of flood consequences and were not significantly related to perceptions of likelihood. The analysis of trust mechanisms showed that higher levels of trust reduced people's perceptions of flood risk thereby hindering their intention to prepare for floods. Finally, we found that the positive influence of social norms on preparedness intentions makes it appropriate to focus on the power of social mobilization. The findings will provide theoretical references for government departments to design further policy measures to improve integrated flood risk management in China.

scholarly journals Capturing flood risk dynamics with a coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Michaelis ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte ◽  
Giuliano Di Baldassarre ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Real ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Levee System ◽  
Over Time

<p>Floods are one of the costliest natural hazards worldwide, affecting millions of people every year. To plan flood risk reduction strategies, there is a need to understand how risk changes over time. In traditional flood risk assessment, vulnerability is often unrealistically considered constant in time, which does not reflect patterns observed in the real world. The coupled human and natural flood system is complex and determined by two-way interactions between the two subsystems. Floodplain dynamics may affect human behavior (e.g. by triggering the implementation of protection measures at different scales) which changes exposure and vulnerability, while they are also in turn influenced by human activities (e.g. land-use changes or flood protection structures). Here we explore how these two-way interactions influence changes in flood risk over time, with a focus on the role of individual and governmental decision-making, by developing a coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework.</p><p>In our framework, household agents are located in a floodplain protected by a levee system. Individual behavior is based on Protection Motivation Theory and it comprises (as a response to floods) the options to do nothing, invest in private flood protection measures, or file a complaint to the government. The governmental decision making process about the implementation of technical flood protection measures, i.e. reinforcing the levee system, is a compromise between a Cost-Benefit-Analysis and relative number of filed complaints from the households. The agents take decisions at every time step of a long time series of annual maximum water levels: in case of levee breach, the floodplain water level is estimated by the LISFLOOD 2D hydraulic model, which is dynamically coupled into the agent-based model.</p><p>We show that this coupled model is capable of replicating adaptation and levee effects, which have been empirically observed by several scholars in numerous floodplains around the world. Thus, our framework provides a useful explanatory tool for assessing different spatial and temporal dynamics of flood risk in a socio-hydrological system. Moreover, the new modelling approach can explicitly simulate the spatial distribution of flood risk which allows for the analysis of conflicting interests in neighbouring communities. First, efforts have been made to include farmer agents into the model to simulate conflicts between urban and rural areas. Further, we exploit data from the real word in order to assess the credibility of our model and, lastly, use the model to investigate the effects of different climate scenarios on these types of conflicts.</p><p> </p>

Effectiveness of Flood Protection Project Valuation Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Liziński ◽  
Marcin Bukowski ◽  
Anna Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Project Valuation ◽  
The Subject

Projects for flood protection are increasingly the subject of investment projects in the field of water management. This is related to the increasing frequency of worldwide threats caused by extreme weather conditions, including extremely high rainfall causing floods. Technical and nontechnical flood protection measures are also increasing in importance. In the decision-making process, it is necessary to take into account both the costs and benefits of avoiding losses, including an analysis of social benefits, whose valuation of non-market goods is an essential element. A comprehensive account of projects in the field of flood protection based on the estimated costs and benefits of the investment allows the economic efficiency from a general social point of view to be determined. Previous evaluations of the effectiveness of investment projects have mainly taken into account only categories and market values. The aim of the article is to identify the possibilities to expand the values of non-market assessments and categories formulated on the basis of the theoretical economics of the environment. 

scholarly journals Coastal and river flood risk analyses for guiding economically optimal flood adaptation policies: a country-scale study for Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2121) ◽  
pp. 20170329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toon Haer ◽  
W. J. Wouter Botzen ◽  
Vincent van Roomen ◽  
Harry Connor ◽  
Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Flood Adaptation

Many countries around the world face increasing impacts from flooding due to socio-economic development in flood-prone areas, which may be enhanced in intensity and frequency as a result of climate change. With increasing flood risk, it is becoming more important to be able to assess the costs and benefits of adaptation strategies. To guide the design of such strategies, policy makers need tools to prioritize where adaptation is needed and how much adaptation funds are required. In this country-scale study, we show how flood risk analyses can be used in cost–benefit analyses to prioritize investments in flood adaptation strategies in Mexico under future climate scenarios. Moreover, given the often limited availability of detailed local data for such analyses, we show how state-of-the-art global data and flood risk assessment models can be applied for a detailed assessment of optimal flood-protection strategies. Our results show that especially states along the Gulf of Mexico have considerable economic benefits from investments in adaptation that limit risks from both river and coastal floods, and that increased flood-protection standards are economically beneficial for many Mexican states. We discuss the sensitivity of our results to modelling uncertainties, the transferability of our modelling approach and policy implications. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.

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