Apoptosis in the fat body tissue of the beetle Tenebrio molitor parasitised by Hymenolepis diminuta

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Warr ◽  
Paul Eggleston ◽  
Hilary Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Body Tissue

Hymenolepis diminuta: metacestode-induced reduction in the synthesis of the yolk protein, vitellogenin, in the fat body of Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Webb ◽  
H. Hurd
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Vitellogenin Synthesis ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Do So

SUMMARYVitellogenin synthesis by the fat body has been monitored using in vitro culture and immunoprecipitation. This system was found to be efficient for measuring vitellogenin production in both non-infected Tenebrio molitor and those infected with Hymenolepis diminuta. In fat bodies from infected beetles, vitellogenin production was decreased by up to 75% (day 24 post-infection) and, at all times investigated, vitellogenin synthesis was significantly below control levels (days 3–30 post-infection). Incubating fat bodies from control insects with isolated metacestodes indicated that this may be a direct effect by the parasite which is developmental stage-specific. Stage II, but not stage III–IV, nor heat-killed parasites could bring about this decrease in vitellogenin. In addition, these effects may be density dependent within the range of 2–20 parasites per fat body; only 2 metacestodes were necessary to cause a significant decrease. Since metacestodes do not take up vitellogenin, nor limit the amount of [14C] leucine available to the fat body for vitellogenin production, it is conceivable that the parasite produces a potent inhibitor of vitellogenin synthesis, or a molecule which induces cells within the fat body to do so.

Hymenolepis diminuta: influence of metacestodes on synthesis and secretion of fat body protein and its ovarian sequestration in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Hurd ◽  
C. Arme
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Fat Bodies

SUMMARYFemale Tenebrio molitor infected with metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta exhibit elevated concentrations of female-specific proteins in their haemolymph and the origin of these has been investigated. Following a 4 h in vitro incubation with [14C]leucine, fat bodies from non-infected females secreted 13 times more protein than those from females 12 days post-infection. A comparison of the uptake in vivo of radio-isotope labelled amino acids by ovaries from non-infected and infected beetles of various ages revealed no differences; however, a 51·5% decrease in protein sequestration was detected in females 12 days post-infection. Electrophoresis of homogenates of radio-isotope labelled ovaries demonstrated that the majority of label was associated with vitellin sub-units. It is suggested that the decrease in vitellogenin sequestration associated with infection results in an increase in the haemolymph concentration of these proteins despite a concomitant reduction in their secretion by fat bodies. Both fat body synthesis and ovarian sequestration are under juvenile hormone control and it is proposed that metacestodes of H. diminuta may cause a reduction in the concentration of this hormone in the intermediate host.

Effect of metacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta on storage and circulating carbohydrates in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Y. Kearns ◽  
H. Hurd ◽  
A. S. Pullin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Biochemical Studies

SUMMARYThe metamorphosis of oncospheres of the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, to mature metacestodes induces several pathophysiological effects in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera). Previous investigations have failed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for changes in the host reproductive physiology and behaviour. This work forms part of an assessment of the degree to which nutrient resource management may be involved in these interactions. We report that developing metacestodes exert a pronounced effect upon host carbohydrate reserves and also alter circulating carbohydrate titres at some stages post-infection. Biochemical studies of fat body glycogen demonstrated a significant depletion of reserves as early as 3 days post-infection in males and 5 days post-infection in females. Gas chromatography revealed trehalose to be the predominant haemolymph carbohydrate, titres being significantly elevated in male beetles 5 and 9 days post-infection and in females 12 days post-infection. Metacestodes had no effect on glucose concentrations in male or female beetles.

Sima , a Drosophila homolog of HIF‐1α , in fat body tissue inhibits larval body growth by inducing Tribbles gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Noguchi ◽  
Kyosuke Yokozeki ◽  
Yuko Tanaka ◽  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Kazuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Drosophila Homolog

Antiapoptotic activity of 30 kDa lipoproteins family from fat body tissue of silkworm,Bombyx mori

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britto Cathrin Pakkianathan ◽  
Nitin Kumar Singh ◽  
Simone König ◽  
Muthukalingan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Antiapoptotic Activity ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

scholarly journals Sublethal Effects of Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract and Its Pure Glycoalkaloids on the Physiology of Tenebrio molitor (Mealworm)

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Spochacz ◽  
Szymon Chowański ◽  
Monika Szymczak ◽  
Filomena Lelario ◽  
Sabino Bufo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Contractility Of The Heart

Background: Solanaceae plants produce glycoalkaloids (GAs) that affect various physiological processes of herbivorous insects and they are being tested as potential alternatives for synthetic pesticides. They cause lethal and sublethal effects. Nevertheless, their mode of action remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effects of Solanum nigrum fruit extracts and pure glycoalkaloids on a model beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Methods: Plant extracts or pure alkaloids were added to the food of the larvae for three days. The lipid, glycogen, and protein content in the fat body and the midgut were determined, and the contractility of the heart, hindgut, and oviduct muscles was tested using the video-microscopy technique. Finally, the ultrastructure of the fat body and the midgut was observed using electron microscopy. Results: No lethal effects were noted. Sublethal changes were observed in the content of biomolecules, malformations of organelles, chromatin condensation, and heart and oviduct contractility. The observed effects differed between the tested glycoalkaloids and the extract. Conclusions: Both the extract and pure GAs have a wide range of effects that may result in impaired development, food intake, and reproduction. Some early effects may be used as bioindicators of stress. The effects of the extract and pure alkaloids suggest that the substances produced by the plant may act additively or synergistically.

scholarly journals TmPGRP-SA regulates Antimicrobial Response to Bacteria and Fungi in the Fat Body and Gut of Tenebrio molitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Keshavarz ◽  
Yong Hun Jo ◽  
Tariku Tesfaye Edosa ◽  
Young Min Bae ◽  
Yeon Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein ◽  
Recognition Protein ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antimicrobial Immune Response

Antimicrobial immune response is mediated by a signal-transducing sensor, peptidoglycan recognition protein-SA (PGRP-SA), that can recognize non-self molecules. Although several studies have focused on the involvement of Drosophila PGRP-SA in antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression in response to infections, studies on its role in Tenebrio molitor are lacking. Here, we present a functional analysis of T. molitor PGRP-SA (TmPGRP-SA). In the absence of microbes, TmPGRP-SA was highly expressed in the late-larval fat body, followed by hemocytes, and gut. Interestingly, following Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans infections, the mRNA level of TmPGRP-SA was significantly upregulated in both the fat body and gut. TmPGRP-SA silencing had a significant effect on the mortality rates for all the microbes tested. Moreover, TmPGRP-SA is required for regulating the expression of eight AMP genes namely TmTenecin-1, -2, and -4; TmDefensin-1 and -2; TmColeoptericin-1; and TmAttacin-1b and -2 in the fat body in response to E. coli and S. aureus infections. TmPGRP-SA is essential for the transcription of TmTenecin-2, -4; TmDefensin-2; TmColeoptericin-1, -2; and TmAttacin-1a, -1b, and -2 in the gut upon E. coli and C. albicans infections. However, TmPGRP-SA does not regulate AMP expression in the hemocytes. Additionally, TmDorsal isoform X2, a downstream Toll transcription factor, was downregulated in TmPGRP-SA-silenced larval fat body following E. coli and S. aureus challenges, and in the gut following E. coli and C. albicans challenges.

Hymenolepis diminuta: an investigation of juvenile hormone titre, degradation and supplementation in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hurd ◽  
C. Strambi ◽  
N. E. Beckage
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Control

SUMMARYMetacestodes of Hymenolepis diminuta cause a perturbance of vitellogenesis in the intermediate host Tenebrio molitor. The reduction in host reproductive output associated with infection may be due to this pathophysiology. Many of these events are regulated by host juvenile hormone (JH). A comparison of the titre of JH and its rate of degradation in female control and parasitized 15-day-old insects has been made. Haemolymph from female beetles contained 1·27 pMol JH equivalents/100 µl. No significant difference was associated with infection. However, topical application of a JH analogue, methoprene, at the time of infecion or 8 days post-infection reduced the significant accumulation of vitellogenin usually found in the haemolymph of females 12 days or more post-infection. These findings indicate that parasite-induced alteration of host vitellogenesis is not mediated via alteration in JH titres, although observations made after hormone supplementation suggest some form of interaction between the parasite and the host endocrine system.

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