On the effects of electric current intensity and pulse frequency on the solidified structure of pure aluminum subjected to pulse magneto-oscillation treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 116844
Author(s):  
Itzhak Edry ◽  
Arthur Shoihet ◽  
Shmuel Hayun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Current Intensity

Experimental Study on Electric-Current Induced Damage Evolution at the Crack Tip in Thin Film Conductors

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-F. Bastawros ◽  
K.-S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Gold Film ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Initial Crack ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Current Intensity

The time dependent temperature distribution induced by electric current heating in a double edge cracked, unpassivated thin aluminum or gold film interconnect lines is monitored using a high resolution infrared imaging system. A pure aluminum or gold film, with a thickness of 0.2 μm, is deposited by high vacuum evaporation coating and patterned into test structures of varying widths. The operative mechanisms of mass transport are assessed in view of the monitored temperature profile. The pre-cracked aluminum film shows fine crack growth towards the positive electrode, which originates from the initial crack tips. The crack-tip temperature is close to melting, during propagation. After the initial crack propagation, a hot spot is formed between the two elongated cracks, and leads to failure. The crack growth generates a backward mass flow towards the negative electrode. The gold film shows a different pattern, in which the original cracks propagate towards each other with a slight tilt towards the negative electrode. The tip temperature is lower than the melting temperature. These time dependent failure mechanisms are rationalize using a proposed critical current intensity factor and a normalized current intensity rate, similar to the fracture toughness KIC for brittle fracture.

scholarly journals Material Test Comparison of Pure Aluminum (Al) and Pure Aluminum-Coated (Al) with Silver (Ag) Substrat Using Electroplating Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Aming Sungkowo ◽  
Trikolas Trikolas ◽  
Rosyid Ridlo Al Hakim ◽  
Slamet Riyadi ◽  
Yanuar Zulardiansyah Arief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Material Test ◽  
Large Current ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Electroplating Process ◽  
Aluminum Material

Electroplating uses aluminum material, where it’s easy to obtain, lighter, and cheaper than other metals. The research goal was to determine the ability of the electric current to power aluminum (Al) coated with silver (Ag) by the electroplating method, to determine the effect of the magnitude of the electric current and the length of time the coating process took on the weight of Al coated with Ag and to determine the strength of the metal Al after tested using Brinnell test. The method used is to compare pure Al and pure Al coated with Ag by electroplating at different currents to determine the effect of the electroplating process. A Brinnell test was carried out to determine the hardness of the Al material after electroplating. The results are the amount of current that flows during the electroplating is directly proportional to the thickness of the electroplating layer attached to the Al surface. If the electroplating process uses a large current, the attached layer will look rough and not smooth, which also affects the material testing by using the Brinnell method. The Brinnell test proves that the hardness value of the Al material is directly proportional to the thickness of the layer.

Microstructure Refinement of Hypereutectic High Chromium Cast Iron with Electric Current Pulse

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Sheng Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Pulse ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Solidification Structure ◽  
Electric Current Pulse ◽  
Electric Voltage ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
High Chromium Cast Iron ◽  
Chromium Cast Iron

The effect of electric current pulse (ECP) on the solidification structure of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was studied. The orthogonal array L9 was used to determine the effect of three process parameters of ECP, which were electric voltage, pulse frequency, pulse width. According to the experimental results, the solidification structure of hypereutectic high chromium cast iron was modified from large grains to finer grains with equiaxed crystals, by allowing the ECP to act on liquid.

Refining mechanism of the electric current pulse on the solidification structure of pure aluminum

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 3103-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Liao ◽  
Qijie Zhai ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Yongyong Gong
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Pulse ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Solidification Structure ◽  
Electric Current Pulse

scholarly journals The Role of Electric Current-Associated Free Energy and Forced Convection on Grain Refinement in Pure Aluminum under Electropulsing

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3846
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Limin Zhang ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Pengfei Yin ◽  
Hongjing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Dendrite Fragmentation ◽  
Equiaxed Grains ◽  
Convection Dominated

An experimental study with respect to the effect of an alternating electropulsing on grain refinement in pure aluminum was reported. The macrostructural observation with the mold preheated to different temperature and embedded the metal mesh indicated that the change of electric current-associated free energy related with the position of crystal nuclei (ΔGem) and forced convection dominated the generation of fine equiaxed grains (FEG). Under electropulsing with 480 A, ΔGem induced the dissociation of crystal nuclei from the upper interface of the electrode and the melt, leading to the generation of FEG. For a larger current intensity, FEG originated from the dissociation of crystal nuclei on the side wall besides the upper interface due to ΔGem and the forced convection. Furthermore, the model coupling the dissociation of crystal nuclei and dendrite fragmentation due to the forced convection and the dissociation of crystal nuclei due to ΔGem was presented to explain the formation mechanism of FEG in pure aluminum under electropulsing.

Drinking Water Disinfection with Electrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reimanis ◽  
L. Mezule ◽  
J. Ozolins ◽  
J. Malers ◽  
T. Juhna
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Electrochemical Disinfection ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection

Nowadays electrochemical disinfection has gained an increasing attention as an alternative to conventional drinking water disinfection, since it is regarded as environmentally friendly, amendable to automation, inexpensive, easily operated and is known to inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms from bacteria to viruses and algae. We found that along with increasing the number of electrodes in our equipment from 2 to 24, the resistance of chlorine-generating electrolytic cell and specific work of electric current decreased. During the electrolysis the amount of generated Cl2 increased along with the increase of chloride ion concentration in the solution and the intensity of electric current. The technological process parameters (flow rate, current intensity) have been established to obtain a predetermined amount of generated chlorine during the electrolysis process. A comparison of flow and circulating (3 times) regimes for electrolysis of tap water with chloride ion concentration below 10 mg/L showed that circulation is necessary to generate active chlorine (above 1 mg/L). At the same time, when no circulation was performed, even a 0.9 A treatment was not enough to generate detectable levels of free chlorine. Electrochemical disinfection of tap water with non-stoichiometric titanium oxide electrodes was effective enough to inactivate both metabolically active and cultivable bacteria E. coli to undetectable levels within 15 minutes at 0.5 A current intensity.

scholarly journals Effect of electric current on the microstructural refinement of pure aluminum

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 818-830
Author(s):  
Jee Seok Choi ◽  
Moonwoo La ◽  
DongEung Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Hwan Choe ◽  
Soong-Keun Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Microstructural Refinement

Effect of current intensity and duration on the effectiveness of head-only electrical stunning in pigs under commercial conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28
Author(s):  
Ákos Végh ◽  
Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth ◽  
Pál Rafai
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Work Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness ◽  
Predominant Effect

After head-only electrical stunning of pigs sequential animal-based measurements were carried out right after stunning as well as before and after bleeding in order to analyse how unconsciousness is achieved and maintained in relation to recorded and calculated technical parameters such as electric current intensity, electric work, duration of stunning, and stun-to-bloodletting period. The measurements were performed at three different slaughterhouses on 9 different days under routine slaughtering conditions. The data of 405 pigs were analysed. The effectiveness of stunning was measured by the number of parameters at two (adequate and acceptable) levels. Current intensity had a predominant effect on the effectiveness of stunning and on the maintenance of unconsciousness. The duration of stunning played a role only as part of the electric work, which manifested itself in the maintenance of unconsciousness. Stunning proved acceptable in 99% of the cases, provided that the minimum current intensity of 1.02 Amp was secured. In 99% of the cases unconsciousness could be maintained at an acceptable level beyond bloodletting when the electric work was at least 8,089.38 Joules. Recovery of consciousness depends on the stun-to-stick period: the best time of bloodletting is less than 32 seconds from the end of stunning.

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