scholarly journals Headache: the Placebo Effects in the Control Groups in Randomized Clinical Trials; an Analysis of Systematic Reviews

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke M. de Groot ◽  
Annieke Voogt-Bode ◽  
Jan Passchier ◽  
Marjolein Y. Berger ◽  
Bart W. Koes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Placebo Effects ◽  
Control Groups

Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1783-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Pastor ◽  
Josep A. Tur
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of photobiomodulation in secondary intention gingival wound healing—a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooya Ebrahimi ◽  
Mahdi Hadilou ◽  
Ferdos Naserneysari ◽  
Amirmohammad Dolatabadi ◽  
Rana Tarzemany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Intention ◽  
Post Operative Pain

Abstract Background Photobiomodulation is widely being used to improve the wound healing process in dentistry and a vast majority of studies have proven its benefits. But there are plenty of knowledge gaps according to the optimal laser characteristics which should be used to maximize the healing effects of lasers. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapies to evaluate secondary intention gingival wound healing and post-operative pain. Methods Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web of Sciences) were searched up to November 30, 2020, for clinical trials that reported the result of the application of PBM on secondary gingival healing wounds and post-operative pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies and the outcomes of interest were extracted. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results Ultimately, twelve studies were included in this review. The application of PBM as an adjunct to periodontal surgeries resulted in a significant improvement in wound healing indices. The Landry wound healing index at the 7th post-operative day was significantly improved (SMD = 1.044 [95% CI 0.62–1.46]; p < 0.01) in PBM + surgery groups compared to the control groups. There was also a statistically significant increase in the complete wound epithelialization (RR = 3.23 [95% CI 1.66–6.31]; p < 0.01) at the 14th post-operative day compared to the control groups. The methods used to assess the post-operative pain were heterogeneous, and therefore the results were limited which made the meta-analysis for post-operative pain assessment not possible. Conclusion Based on the results of this review, PBM can be effectively used as a method to improve secondary intention wound healing. High-quality randomized clinical trials, however, are needed in the future to identify the optimal PBM irradiation parameters and the effect of PBM on post-operative pain.

Dexamethasone in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Updated Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-502
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wintzer ◽  
Josef Georg Heckmann ◽  
Hagen B. Huttner ◽  
Stefan Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Negative Effect

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a frequent cerebrovascular disorder and still associated with high mortality and poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this review was to update a 15-year-old former meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) addressing the question of whether ICH patients treated with dexamethasone have better outcomes than controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The electronic databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane as well as web platforms on current clinical trials were searched for the years 1970–2020 without constriction on language. Data were extracted and outcomes were pooled for conventional and cumulative meta-analysis using a commercial software program (www.Meta-Analysis.com). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Finally, 7 RCTs were identified and analyzed including 248 participants in the dexamethasone groups and 242 in the control groups. Five studies showed a high risk of bias. The overall relative risk (RR) for death was 1.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.76; <i>p</i> = 0.06) and did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. After exclusion of studies with high risk of bias, the RR for death was 1.37 (95% CI 0.54–3.42; <i>p</i> = 0.51). The RR for poor outcome did not differ significantly between the 2 groups analyzed for all included studies (RR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.47–1; <i>p</i> = 0.05) and after exclusion of studies with high risk of bias (RR = 0.7; 95% CI 0.45–1.08; <i>p</i> = 0.11). The RR for complications did not differ significantly including all studies (RR = 1.29; 95% CI 0.77–2.17; <i>p</i> = 0.34) and after exclusion of studies with high risk of bias (RR = 1.27; 95% CI 0.18–8.89; <i>p</i> = 0.81). The cumulative statistics delivered no other results; however, it pointed out fewer complications over time in the dexamethasone group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Clear evidence of a beneficial or negative effect of dexamethasone is still lacking. Modern RCTs or observational studies with propensity design are necessary to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with dexamethasone in patients with ICH.

scholarly journals Publication Trends in Rheumatology Systematic Reviews and Randomized Clinical Trials, 1995–2017

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200593
Author(s):  
Michael S. Putman ◽  
Alexander Chaitoff ◽  
Joshua D. Niforatos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Academic Pressure ◽  
Technological Advances

The growth of systematic reviews and metaanalyses (SRMA) has outpaced the growth of randomized clinical trials (RCT) in many medicine subspecialties1. This may reflect technological advances in SRMA production, fewer barriers to publish, or academic pressure to produce citations2.

scholarly journals Extraction of primary canines for interceptive orthodontic treatment of palatally displaced permanent canines: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naif N. Almasoud
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Primary Canine

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether the successful management of palatally displaced permanent canines (PDCs) can be achieved by the interceptive extraction of primary maxillary canines. Materials and Methods: Digital databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane) were searched to retrieve articles published from 1952 to April 2016. The university librarian developed search strategies for each database. Two calibrated reviewers independently reviewed potentially related titles and abstracts. Papers meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were read in full. The selected articles were evaluated and scored according to methodological quality criteria. Results: Four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the systematic review. Compared with two older studies, two more recent RCTs were found to have better study designs, were better conducted, and involved better reporting of the results. The included studies compared intervention groups (children with PDCs undergoing extraction of primary canines) with controls (subjects with PDCs but no primary canine extractions). In three of the four studies, the interceptive extraction of primary canines facilitated eruption of PDCs in more than 65% of cases. Overall, the intervention groups had a markedly higher incidence of successful eruption of PDCs (50%–69%) compared with the control groups (36%–42%). Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, it is reasonable to conclude that eruption of PDCs can be facilitated by extraction of primary canines. However, further high-quality, randomized clinical trials are warranted in other population groups. It is hoped that this study will help orthodontists make evidence-based decisions about clinically managing PDCs.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of studies included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi ◽  
Pouria Iranparvar ◽  
Maryam Shakiba ◽  
Erfan Shamsoddin ◽  
Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cochrane Reviews ◽  
Performance Bias

AbstractObjectivesThe Risk of Bias (RoB) and other characteristics of randomized clinical trials included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews were assessed.Study Design and SettingsAll the trials included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews were examined. The RoB was evaluated for all the included clinical trials according to the Cochrane review standards. The Overall Risk of Bias (ORoB) was defined in this study based on the criteria for determining the overall bias in Cochrane’s RoB tool-v2. Descriptive analyses were carried out to determine the frequency of each intended variable.ResultsA total of 2565 studies were included in our analysis. The majority of the studies (n=1600) had sample sizes of 50 or higher. As for blinding, 907 studies were labelled as double-blind. Performance bias showed the highest rate of high risk (31.4%). Almost half of the studies had a high ORoB compared to 11.1% with low ORoB. The studies that used placebos had higher low ORoB (14.8% vs. 10.7%). The double-blind studies had the highest low ORoB (23.6%). The studies with a cross-over design had the highest low ORoB (28.8%).ConclusionOverall, the RoB for the studies on dentistry and oral health in Cochrane reviews was deemed high.

scholarly journals Delphi Expert Parent Study: Factors Needed for 21st Century Pre- and Perinatal Parenting Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-179
Author(s):  
Christine L. McKee ◽  
Peta Stapleton ◽  
Aileen M. Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Parenting Programs ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Delphi Methodology

Using Delphi methodology, the current study utilized a panel of “expert” parents (N = 23 after three rounds) to examine nine content-based and logistical factors perceived to be important when developing pre-and perinatal (PPN) parenting programs for the modern day. The aim was to attain consensus on 235 items generated from literature and panelists. Consensus was reached on 126 items (53.62%). The most notable related to needs-based content, barriers to fathers' attendance, and groups of parents who may benefit most from programs. Consistent with the literature, clarity was not achieved for appropriate timing and length of programs. With the diversity of recommendations, next steps involve developing a range of programs that use randomized clinical trials with control groups, effective sample sizes, and are pre-and posttested.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Food Fortification and Nutritional Status in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Nascimento Brandão-Lima ◽  
Beatriz da Cruz Santos ◽  
Concepción Maria Aguilera ◽  
Analícia Rocha Santos Freire ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Saquete Martins-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Children are in the risk group for developing hypovitaminosis D. Several strategies are used to reduce this risk. Among these, fortification of foods with vitamin D (25(OH)D) has contributed to the achievement of nutritional needs. This systematic review aims to discuss food fortification as a strategy for maintenance or recovery of nutritional status related to vitamin D in children. The work was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42018052974). Randomized clinical trials with children up to 11 years old, who were offered vitamin D-fortified foods, and who presented 25(OH)D concentrations were used as eligibility criteria. After the selection stages, five studies were included, totaling 792 children of both sexes and aged between two and 11 years. Interventions offered 300–880 IU of vitamin D per day, for a period of 1.6–9 months, using fortified dairy products. In four of the five studies, there was an increase in the serum concentrations of 25(OH)D with the consumption of these foods; additionally, most children reached or maintained sufficiency status. Moreover, the consumption of vitamin D-fortified foods proved to be safe, with no concentrations of 25(OH)D > 250 nmol/L. Based on the above, the fortification of foods with vitamin D can help maintain or recover the nutritional status of this vitamin in children aged 2–11 years. However, it is necessary to perform additional randomized clinical trials in order to establish optimal doses of fortification, according to the peculiarities of each region.

Longevidade de dentes tratados endodonticamente e restaurados com pinos metálicos e de fibra de vidro: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Viviane Figueiredo ◽  
José Luiz Costa Neto ◽  
Julia Guedes Alcoforado Souza ◽  
Kamila Azoubel Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth

OBJECTIVE: Review the literature in an integrative way, regarding a clinical longevity of endodontically treated teeth restored with fiberglass and metallic pins and with fixed crowns, based survival factors and failure mode. METHODOLOGY: A search was carried out in the Lilacs and Pubmed databases, with the following descriptors: dental restoration (dental restoration; restauración dental), dental pins (dental pins; pins dentales), clinical study (clinical study; estudio clínico). The inclusion criteria were: articles that addressed the variables of clinical longevity, survival rate and failure mode of metallic pins and fiberglass, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2010 and 2020, such as clinical trials with or without randomization and systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. And, the exclusion criteria were: narrative literature reviews, clinical cases, in vitro and silico studies , letters to the editor and opinion articles. RESULTS: Combining the search methods, 06 articles were identified, of which 04 articles were randomized clinical trials and 02 articles were systematic reviews. The included studies show a high level of scientific evidence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The present integrative literature review, regarding the clinical longevity of teeth endodontically treated and restored with metal and fiberglass pins, observed that the clinical results are still conflicting in relation to the factors of survival and failure mode. And that, the remaining coronary structure seems to be more important for the success of the rehabilitation than the material of the pin, however the supporting evidence is limited.

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