Role of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in the Clearance of Enterococcus faecalis Derived from Saliva and Infected Root Canals

The number of appointments necessary to treat infected root canals is one of the most controversial issues in endodontics. This study evaluated, in dogs, the response of the periradicular tissues to the endodontic treatment of infected root canals performed in a single visit or in two visits, using different interappointment dressings. Periradicular lesions were induced by inoculating Enterococcus faecalis in the root canals. After confirming that a periradicular lesion developed, the root canals were treated within one or two visits, using either ozonized oil or calcium hydroxide in camphorated paramonochlorophenol (CMCP) as an intracanal medication. After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were processed for histological and histobacteriological analysis. The root canals treated in a single visit showed a success rate of 46%. When a calcium hydroxide/CMCP-based interappointment intracanal medication was used, 74% of the cases were categorized as success. In cases where ozonized oil was used as the intracanal medication, a success rate of 77% was observed. These results of the present study demonstrated that the two-visit treatment offered a higher success rate compared to one-visit therapy. In addition, ozonized oil may potentially be used as an intracanal medication.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION USING 3% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 940NM DIODE LASER AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN SINGLE SITTING PULPECTOMY: AN IN-VIVO STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/7211282 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Thomas T Parakkal ◽

Pulkit Jhingan ◽

Shivani Mathur ◽

Vinod Sachdev

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Diode Laser ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Root Canals ◽

Root Canal Disinfection ◽

Infected Root ◽

Colony Forming Units

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a common bacterial species in resistant and recurrent infections. It has an active proton pump which prevents its easy inhibition leading to endodontic treatment failure. LASER and photodynamic therapy have been employed lately in improving antimicrobial chemotherapy of localized infections. Aim: To compare disinfection efficacy of 940nm Diode LASER & Photodynamic therapy(PDT) to Conventional method using 3% Sodium hypochlorite in canals of endodontically treated primary teeth. Method: Single sitting Pulpectomy was performed on 60 mandibular first primary molars, divided into 3 groups, disinfected using mentioned modalities. Disinfection potential was compared collecting samples at 3 stages using paper points, cultured and incubated for 24hrs to check change in Colony Forming Units of the bacteria. Results: Data analysis with SPSS version 20 software using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U test. Conclusion: The three groups showed effective disinfection as revealed by the reduction in the colony forming units of the bacteria at baseline and after intervention. However, diode laser when used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite as a disinfecting modality was found to be the most effective for the eradication of Enterococcus faecalis from infected root canals.

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Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1687 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 340-346

Author(s):

Cyntia Rodrigues de Araújo Estrela ◽

Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar ◽

Carlos Estrela ◽

Denise Ramos Silveira Alves ◽

Rodrigo Sanches Cunha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Negative Pressure ◽

Uv Spectrophotometry ◽

Sem Images ◽

Root Canals ◽

Irrigation Methods ◽

Infected Root ◽

The Mean ◽

Antibacterial Potential

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation methods on antibacterial potential of 2.5% NaOCl on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Materials and methods Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were prepared during 60 days on 48 human root canals and randomized into control and experimental groups using positive and negative pressure irrigation. Bacterial growth was analyzed using turbidity of culture medium followed by UV spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. Mean and standard deviations were used for evaluate the mean optical densities associated to the number of bacteria present culture, and Scheirer-Ray-Hare (an extension of the Kruskal-Wallis test) and Tamhane test to analyze the SEM images in the groups and thirds. Significance was set at 5%. Results Enterococcus faecalis was still present after root canal cleaning regardless of irrigation methods or bacterial identification methods. Conclusion Positive and negative pressure irrigation protocols using 2.5% NaOCl show a similar capacity to reduce E. faecalis in infected root canals. How to cite this article Alves DRS, Cunha RS, da Silveira Bueno CE, de Alencar AHG, de Araújo Estrela CR, dos Santos TO, Estrela C. Antibacterial Potential of 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite in Distinct Irrigation Protocols on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(5):340-346.

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Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and an Irrigation Activation System on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.34172/jlms.2020.41 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 243-248

Author(s):

Mohammad Asnaashari ◽

Niloufar Kooshki ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Salehi ◽

Saranaz Azari-Marhabi ◽

Hedieh Amin Moghadassi

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

New Technologies ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Bacterial Colony ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Activation System

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium which is the most abundant species in infected root canals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method for killing the bacteria with active Oxygen radicals generated in a photosensitizer when exposed to centralized light. Furthermore, as a new method of canal disinfection, a variety of irrigation activation systems have been introduced, one of which is GentleFile (GF) with rotary movements and spiral effects for antibacterial action. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two mentioned methods when used with and without Sodium Hypochlorite in eliminating E. faecalis from infected root canals. Methods: Fifty-eight uniradicular teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 14. Two specimens were selected for later scanning electron microscopy in order to screen the procedure steps. In each experimental group, 10 samples were selected to be treated with GF or PDT; 3 of them were selected as positive controls and the other one sample was chosen as a negative control. Experimental groups were as follows: (1) Irrigation activation system, (2) Irrigation activation system + sodium hypochlorite, (3) PDT, and (4) PDT+ sodium hypochlorite. The specimens were then cultured for a bacterial colony count. Results: The decrease in the bacterial count after the treatment with the irrigation activation system was 99.8% (P=0.011) and when the system was used with sodium hypochlorite, it was 100% (P=0.001). The antibacterial effect of PDT was 90.08% (P=0.011) and it was 99.7% when PDT was combined with sodium hypochlorite (P=0.011). Conclusion: All four methods can be administered as complementary methods in root canal disinfection. According to the results of disinfection in the experimental groups of current study it is concluded that integration of new technologies such as activation irrigation system or PDT in Combination with NaOCl ameliorates disinfection of root canal and can provide several advantages in the endodontic outcome.

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Evaluation of the Effect of MTAD on Expression of Enterococcus faecalis Virulence Factors Considering the Role of Different Obturating Materials

Journal of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/jdt.v15i6.332 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Behnam Bolhari ◽

Abbas Bahador ◽

Mehrfam Khoshkhounejad ◽

Mahsa Sobhi Afshar ◽

Mohammad Moghaddaszadeh

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Root Canal ◽

Statistical Power ◽

P Value ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Post Hoc

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MTAD on the expression of virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis) considering the role of Gutta-percha/AH26 or Resilon/RealSeal SE as root canal obturating materials. Materials and Methods: One-hundred and forty-four single-rooted human teeth were instrumented to a standardized apical size. Root canals were infected by E.faecalis (ATCC 29212). Ninety teeth were irrigated with MTAD and randomly divided into three groups. In two groups, root canals were obturated by either Gutta-percha/AH26 or Resilon/RealSeal SE. Root canals were kept unobturated in the third group. The remaining 54 teeth received no final irrigation. All groups were then subdivided into three timepoint subgroups in which dentin powder was obtained from each sample to determine the expression of specific virulence factors of E.faecalis (efa, esp, gel, fsr) using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test. The statistical power was set at P-value ≤0.05. Results: MTAD was effective against the expression of most of the tested virulence factors, and Gutta-percha/AH26 increased the antibacterial efficacy of MTAD. Conclusions: MTAD could inhibit the expression of some known virulence factors of E.faecalis at the majority of tested timepoints. This may partly explain some of the mechanisms of antimicrobial efficacy of MTAD against this resistant microorganism which is known as one of the main causes of failure of root canal treatment.

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Evaluation the effect of different laser powers on the Enterococcus faecalis infected root canals: An in vivo study

Journal of International Oral Health ◽

10.4103/jioh.jioh_182_20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 573

Author(s):

NjwanF Shehab ◽

NawalA Al-Sabawi ◽

AmerA Taqa

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

In Vivo Study ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root

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Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide Synthesized from Indonesian Limestone against Enterococcus faecalis

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1044 ◽

pp. 171-177

Author(s):

Myrna Nurlatifah Zakaria ◽

Ida Rodiyah Siti Halimah ◽

Atia Nurul Sidiqa ◽

Ira Artilia ◽

Arief Cahyanto

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Antimicrobial Property ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Negative Control ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root

Recurrent endodontic infections of treated teeth are mainly linked to microbial persistency in the root canal system. Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium that is often identified in these recurrent infections. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a widely used root canal medicament and is now being developed to be produced from natural materials. Ca(OH)2, which is synthesized from natural limestone from Palimanan, Indonesia, has a structure similar to Ca(OH)2, which is often used as a root canal medicament. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial property of Ca(OH)2 paste synthesized from natural limestone compared to conventional Ca(OH)2 paste. This study is an in vitro experimental study consists of 3 groups (n=24, namely, conventional Ca(OH)2 paste, limestone synthesized Ca(OH)2 paste, and saline as the negative control, for 2 intervals of time and evaluated by Total Plate Counting (TPC) method. Samples were mandibular first premolar root canal prepared by root canal preparation and contaminated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). The infected root canals of each group were treated by the medicaments, and samples from the root canals were taken on day 7 (n=4) and 14 (n=4). Results showed that both Ca(OH)2 groups had antimicrobial activities against E. faecalis. The limestone Ca(OH)2 paste group had the least amount of bacterial colonies on the 7th day compared to other groups. In contrast, on the 14th day, the conventional Ca(OH)2 paste had the least bacterial colonies. It can be concluded that the Ca(OH)2 paste synthesized from natural limestone has an antimicrobial effect on E. faecalis, the antimicrobial effect was higher on the 7th day but decreases on the 14th day, whereas the conventional Ca(OH)2 had a higher antimicrobial effect on day 14 compared to day 7. Further studies are expected to improve the long-term antimicrobial effectiveness and sustainability of the natural limestone synthesized Ca(OH)2 paste.

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