Influence of Negotiation, Glide Path, and Preflaring Procedures on Root Canal Shaping—Terminology, Basic Concepts, and a Systematic Review

Brushing motion has been proposed for endodontic single-file reciprocating systems to eliminate coronal interferences, but it may hesitate in a less conservative root canal shaping. The aim of the study was to compare the maintenance of the original root canal anatomy using the WaveOne Gold (WOG) technique with or without a brushing motion. Sixty extracted human mandibular first molars were selected. Manual canal scouting and mechanical glide path were performed. Samples were randomized into two groups (n = 30): WOG Primary was used to shape the mesio-lingual canals without (NB group) or with (B group) an intentional brushing motion. Specimens were scanned with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after instrumentation in order to match the volumes. Increases in canal volume and surface area were measured. Centroid shift and thickness of removed dentine from the inner curvature were assessed at the furcation, 1.5 mm and 3 mm apically from the furcation, and in relation to the point of maximum curvature. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Student–Newmann–Keuls tests (p < 0.05). No brushing technique resulted in being significantly associated with a better maintenance of the canal anatomy, especially in the coronal third (p < 0.05). When using the WOG system, a no-brushing technique resulted in less invasive shaping, reducing the risk of stripping.

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Evaluation of preparation times of WaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments compared to two analogous counterparts

South African Dental Journal ◽

10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no6a2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 76 (06) ◽

pp. 315-319

Author(s):

Christiaan Victor ◽

Peet J Van der Vyver ◽

Martin Vorster ◽

Farzana Paleker ◽

Zunaid I Vally

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

File Systems ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Glide Path ◽

Group 2 ◽

Canal Shaping ◽

The Cost

Manufacturers are constantly developing new products to optimise endodontic treatment. These newer file systems are often associated with increasing expenditure of instrumentation and can affect the cost effectiveness of root canal treatment. Recently, companies have emerged that claim to have successfully reproduced many of the more established endodontic file systems manufactured by Dentsply Sirona (Ballaigues, Switzerland). EdgeEndo (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) and PacDent (Brea, CA, USA), which manufacture files similar in design to that of Dentsply Sirona, claim that they are similar and sell them at a lower price. A performance comparison of the replica file systems to their original is of clinical importance. The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the total glide path and canal preparation times of WaveOne Gold Glider (Dentsply Sirona) combined with the Primary WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Sirona), Edge GlidePath (Edge Endo, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) followed by the Primary EdgeOne Fire (EdgeEndo); and One File G Glide Path (Pac-Dent, Brea, CA, USA) file combined with the Primary One File G (Pac-Dent) Shaping file. Sixty curved untreated canals of extracted, human, mandibular molars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 canals each for mechanical glide path enlargement and root canal shaping. Group 1 (WaveOne Gold Glider + Primary WaveOne Gold); Group 2 (Edge GlidePath + Primary EdgeOne Fire); and Group 3 (One File G Reciprocating Glide Path File + Primary One File G Reciprocating shaping file). The total time taken to prepare a glide path and to complete the root canal preparation of each canal was recorded (in seconds) by means of an iPhone stopwatch (Apple Inc., Cupertino, California). The time taken to change files was not recorded. Throughout the instrumentation process, RC Prep was used as a lubricant, and5 mL 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigation solution. Mean and standard deviations were determined for each group, and analysis of variance was used to statistically compare the mean glide path preparation times for the three groups. The fastest final canal preparation time was achieved by WOGG/PWOG (41.78 ± 10.58 s), followed by OFGP/ POFS (42.02 ± 12.16 s) and then EGP/PEOF (42.49 ± 10.44 s). There were no statistically significant differences between the canal preparation times of the three combination groups (p>0.05).

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Contribution of XP‐Endo files to the root canal filling removal: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of in vitro studies

Australian Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/aej.12503 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emel Uzunoglu‐Özyürek ◽

Selen Küçükkaya Eren ◽

Sevilay Karahan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Root Canal ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Root Canal Filling

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Vital Pulp Therapy in Permanent Mature Posterior Teeth with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57060573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 573

Author(s):

João Miguel Santos ◽

Joana F. Pereira ◽

Andréa Marques ◽

Diana B. Sequeira ◽

Shimon Friedman

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Root Canal ◽

Small Sample ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Posterior Teeth ◽

Pulp Therapy ◽

Vital Pulp Therapy ◽

Irreversible Pulpitis

Background and Objectives: Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in permanent mature teeth is a common indication for nonsurgical root canal treatment (NSRCT), but contemporary studies have reported on vital pulp therapy (VPT) applied in such teeth as a less invasive treatment. This systematic review assessed the outcomes of VPT, including partial and full pulpotomy performed with hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) in permanent mature posterior teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were followed. The search strategy included PubMed®, EMBASE, Cochrane library and grey literature electronic databases. The quality assessment of the identified studies followed the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias, ROBINS-I and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tools. Results: The search of primary databases identified 142 articles, of which 9 randomized controlled trials and 3 prospective cohort studies were selected for review. The risk-of-bias was assessed as ‘high’ or ‘serious’, ‘fair’, and ‘low’ for three, seven and two articles, respectively. One to five years after VPT using HCSCs, the success rates mostly ranged from 78 to 90%. Based on two articles, the outcomes of the VPT and NSRCT were comparable at one and five years. Despite the necessity for the intra-operative pulp assessment in VPT procedures, the majority of the studies did not fully report on this step or on the time needed to achieve hemostasis. Small sample sizes, of under 23 teeth, were reported in three studies. Conclusions: The reviewed 12 articles reported favorable outcomes of the VPT performed with HCSCs in permanent mature posterior teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, with radiographic success in the range of 81 to 90%. Two articles suggested comparable outcomes of the VPT and root canal treatment. Universal case selection and outcome criteria needs to be established for VPT when considered as an alternative to NSRCT. This evidence supports the need for further research comparing longer-term outcomes of both of the treatment modalities.

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Effect of root canal irrigants on push-out bond strength of endodontic sealers: a systematic review

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/01694243.2020.1857961 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Lara Dotto ◽

Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira ◽

Alvin Tomm ◽

Ataís Bacchi ◽

Rafael Sarkis-Onofre

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Irrigants ◽

Endodontic Sealers ◽

Push Out

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The Application and Development of Deep Learning in Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review

Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment ◽

10.1177/15330338211016386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 153303382110163

Author(s):

Danju Huang ◽

Han Bai ◽

Li Wang ◽

Yu Hou ◽

Lan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Decision Making ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Radiation Oncology ◽

Clinical Work ◽

Radiation Oncologists ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Further Development

With the massive use of computers, the growth and explosion of data has greatly promoted the development of artificial intelligence (AI). The rise of deep learning (DL) algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), has provided radiation oncologists with many promising tools that can simplify the complex radiotherapy process in the clinical work of radiation oncology, improve the accuracy and objectivity of diagnosis, and reduce the workload, thus enabling clinicians to spend more time on advanced decision-making tasks. As the development of DL gets closer to clinical practice, radiation oncologists will need to be more familiar with its principles to properly evaluate and use this powerful tool. In this paper, we explain the development and basic concepts of AI and discuss its application in radiation oncology based on different task categories of DL algorithms. This work clarifies the possibility of further development of DL in radiation oncology.

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Outcomes of root canal treatment and restoration, implant-supported single crowns, fixed partial dentures, and extraction without replacement: A systematic review

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry ◽

10.1016/s0022-3913(07)60102-4 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 285-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 157

Author(s):

Mahmoud Torabinejad ◽

Patricia Anderson ◽

Jim Bader ◽

L. Jackson Brown ◽

Lie H. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Single Crowns

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Prevalence and nature of fungi in root canal infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/iej.12730 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (11) ◽

pp. 1055-1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

I. F. Persoon ◽

W. Crielaard ◽

A. R. Özok

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Root Canal ◽

Meta Analysis

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Root Canal Penetration of a Sodium Hypochlorite Mixture Using Sonic or Ultrasonic Activation

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300209 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 489-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marta Sáinz-Pardo ◽

Roberto Estevez ◽

Óliver Valencia de Pablo ◽

Giampiero Rossi-Fedele ◽

Rafael Cisneros

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Positive Pressure ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Penetration Length ◽

Working Length ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Canal Shaping ◽

Ex Vivo Study

The purpose of this ex vivo study was to determine, in "open" and "closed" systems, whether the design has an influence on the penetration length of sodium hypochlorite mixed with a radiopaque contrast medium, measured in millimeters, when delivered using positive pressure (PP) and using sonic (SI) or passive ultrasonic (PUI) activation. Sixty single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups: open and closed systems (n=30). Root canal shaping was performed to a working length of 17 mm. The samples were divided into three sub-groups (n=10) according to irrigant delivery and activation: PP, and SI or PUI activation. By using radiographs, penetration length was measured, and vapor lock was assessed. For the closed group, the penetration distance means were: PP 15.715 (±0.898) mm, SI 16.299 (±0.738) mm and PUI 16.813 (±0.465) mm, with vapor lock occurring in 53.3% of the specimens. In the open group, penetration to 17 mm occurred in 97.6% of the samples, and no vapor lock occurred. Irrigant penetration and distribution evaluation using open and closed systems provide significantly different results. For closed systems, PUI is the most effective in delivering the irrigant to working length, followed by SI.

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