Minocycline Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia and Central Sensitization Following Peripheral Second-Degree Burn Injury

Introduction: Burn scars cause cosmetic disfigurement and psychosocial distress. We present two Fitzpatrick phototype (FP) III patients with burn scars successfully treated with combination pulsed dye laser (PDL) and non-ablative fractional lasers (NAFL). Case 1: A 30-year-old, FP III woman with a history of a second-degree burn injury to the bilateral arms and legs affecting 30% body surface area (BSA) presented for cosmetic treatment. The patient received three treatments with 595 nm PDL (7 mm, 8 J, 6 ms), six with the 1550 nm erbium:glass laser (30 mJ, 14% density, 4–8 passes) and five with the 1927 nm thulium laser (10 mJ, 30% density, 4–8 passes). Treated burn scars improved significantly in thickness, texture and colour. Case 2: A 33-year-old, FP III man with a history of a second-degree burn injury of the left neck and arm affecting 7% BSA presented for cosmetic treatment. The patient received two treatments with 595 nm PDL (5 mm, 7.5 J, 6 ms), four with the 1550 nm erbium:glass laser (30 mJ, 14% density, 4–8 passes) and two with the 1927 nm thulium laser (10 mJ, 30% density, 4–8 passes). The burn scars became thinner, smoother and more normal in pigmentation and appearance. Discussion: Our patients’ burn scars were treated with a combination of PDL and NAFL (two wavelengths). The PDL targets scar hypervascularity, the 1550 nm erbium:glass stimulates collagen remodelling and the 1927 nm thulium targets epidermal processes, particularly hyperpigmentation. This combination addresses scar thickness, texture and colour with a low side effect profile and is particularly advantageous in patients at higher risk of post-procedure hyperpigmentation. Conclusion: Our cases suggest the combination of 595nm PDL plus NAFL 1550 nm erbium:glass/1927 nm thulium device is effective and well-tolerated for burn scar treatment in skin of colour.

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Statistical analysis of factors affecting re-operative times in paediatric patients with scar deformity after deep second-degree burn injury

International Wound Journal ◽

10.1111/iwj.12899 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 565-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Baoguo Chen ◽

Xiaotong Yue ◽

Ruijuan Zhang ◽

Huifeng Song

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Paediatric Patients ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Second Degree

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Efficacy of Lyophilised Platelet-Rich Plasma Powder on Healing Rate in Patients With Deep Second Degree Burn Injury

Annals of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1097/sap.0000000000001328 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. S66-S69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chi-Yung Yeung ◽

Pai-Shan Hsieh ◽

Lin-Gwei Wei ◽

Li-Chuan Hsia ◽

Lien-Guo Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healing Rate ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Second Degree

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An unusual burn caused by hot argy wormwood leaf water

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.4081/cp.2011.e71 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Xun Liang ◽

Xu-Lin Chen ◽

Fei Wang ◽

Feng Guo

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Left Thigh ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Chinese Traditional Medicine ◽

Chemical Burn ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Second Degree

An unusual burn case caused by hot wormwood leaf water was discussed. A 29-year-old woman sustained a 7% second-degree burn on both buttocks and left thigh. This case report highlights a rare cause of a chemical burn that may become more common with increasing use of this Chinese traditional medicine. The prevention measures of this burn injury were also presented.

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Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Antagonist, AM251, Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia after Burn Injury

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000000422 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 121 (6) ◽

pp. 1311-1319 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Masashi Ueda ◽

Hajime Iwasaki ◽

Shuxing Wang ◽

Eri Murata ◽

K. Y. Trudy Poon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glial Cells ◽

Mechanical Allodynia ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Cannabinoid Receptor ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽

Glial Cell Activation ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background: Burn injury causes nociceptive behaviors, and inflammation-related pathologic pain can lead to glial cell activation. This study tested the hypothesis that burn injury activates glial cells, and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) antagonist, AM251, will decrease burn pain. Methods: Anesthetized rats received 0.75-cm2 third-degree burn on dorsal hind paw. Vehicle or AM251 30 μg intrathecally (older rats, n = 6 per group) or, either vehicle, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally (younger rats, n = 6 per group), started immediate postburn, was administered for 7 days. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were tested on ventral paw for 14 days. Microglial and astroglial activity was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Results: Allodynia, observed on burn side from day 1 to 14, was significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated by intrathecal and intraperitoneal AM251 (1 mg/kg) starting from 3 to 14 days. Hyperalgesia, observed from day 3 to 12, was completely (P < 0.05) reversed by intrathecal and intraperitoneal AM251 (1 mg/kg). AM251 0.1 mg/kg had no effect. Microglial activity (n = 3 per time point) increased (P < 0.05) 18.5 ± 7.5 and 12.3 ± 1.6 (mean ± SD) fold at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Astroglial activity (n = 4 per time point) increased 2.9 ± 0.3 fold at day 7 only. Glial activities were unaltered by AM251. Conclusions: AM251 inhibited nociceptive behaviors after burn even beyond 7-day period of administration. Although many studies have documented the utility of CB1R agonists, this study indicates that endogenous cannabinoids may have an unexpected pronociceptive effect during development of burn pain, explaining why CB1R antagonist, AM251, improves nociceptive behaviors. The decreased nociception with AM251 without altering glial activity indicates that AM251 acts further downstream of activated glial cells.

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Influence of Initial Moisture Content on Heat and Moisture Transfer in Firefighters’ Protective Clothing

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2017/9365814 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Dongmei Huang ◽

Song He

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Protective Clothing ◽

Moisture Transfer ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Water Evaporation ◽

Vapor Density ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Heat And Moisture ◽

Second Degree

This paper presents a model for heat and moisture transfer through firefighters’ protective clothing (FPC) during radiation exposure. The model, which accounts for air gaps in the FPC as well as heat transfer through human skin, investigates the effect of different initial moisture contents on the thermal insulation performance of FPC. Temperature, water vapor density, and the volume fraction of liquid water profiles were monitored during the simulation, and the heat quantity absorbed by water evaporation was calculated. Then the maximum durations of heat before the wearer acquires first- and second-degree burns were calculated based on the bioheat transfer equation and the Henriques equation. The results show that both the moisture weight in each layer and the total moisture weight increase linearly within a given environmental humidity level. The initial moisture content in FPC samples significantly influenced the maximum water vapor density. The first- and second-degree burn injury time increase 16 sec and 18 sec when the RH increases from 0% to 90%. The total quantity of heat accounted for by water evaporation was about 10% when the relative humidity (RH) is 80%. Finally, a linear relationship was identified between initial moisture content and the human skin burn injury time before suffering first- and second-degree burn injuries.

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Pathophysiology and assessment of burns

10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0346 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

John A. M. Paro ◽

Geoffrey C. Gurtner

Keyword(s):

Burn Injury ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Total Body Surface Area ◽

Coagulative Necrosis ◽

Partial Thickness ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Sizing System ◽

Total Body ◽

Burn Depth ◽

Second Degree

Burn injury represents a complex clinical entity with significant associated morbidity and remains the second leading cause of trauma-related death. An understanding of the local and systemic pathophysiology of burns has led to significant improvements in mortality. Thermal insult results in coagulative necrosis of the skin and the depth or degree of injury is classified according to the skin layers involved. First-degree burns involve only epidermis and heal quickly with no scar. Second-degree burns are further classified into superficial partial thickness or deep partial thickness depending on the level of dermal involvement. Damage in a third-degree burn extends to subcutaneous fat. There is a substantial hypermetabolic response to severe burn, resulting in significant catabolism and untoward effects on the immune, gastrointestinal, and renal systems. Accurate assessment of the extent of burn injury is critical for prognosis and initiation of resuscitation. Burn size, measured in total body surface area, can be quickly estimated using the rule of nines or palmar method. A more detailed sizing system is recommended once the patient has been triaged. Appropriate diagnosis of burn depth will be important for later management. First-degree burns are erythematous and painful, like a sunburn; third-degree burns are leathery and insensate. Differentiating between second-degree burn types remains difficult. There are a number of formalized criteria during assessment that should prompt transfer to a burn centre.

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Antiallodynic and Antihyperalgesic Activities of Fentanyl-Loaded Dermal Clay Dressings in Rat Model of Second-Degree Burn Injury

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 2628-2634 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Srinath Rangappa ◽

Krishnaswamy K. Rangan ◽

Tirumalai S. Sudarshan ◽

S. Narasimha Murthy

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Second Degree

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Pro-inflammatory effect of obesity on rats with burn wounds

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10499

Author(s):

Chan Nie ◽

Huiting Yu ◽

Xue Wang ◽

Xiahong Li ◽

Zairong Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burn Injury ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Obese Group ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Degree Burn ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Weight Groups ◽

Second Degree

Objective A burn is an inflammatory injury to the skin or other tissue due to contact with thermal, radioactive, electric, or chemical agents. Burn injury is an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Obesity is a significant public health problem, often causing underlying systemic inflammation. Studying the combined impact of burn injuries on obese patients has become critical to the successful treatment of these patients. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of inflammation associated with burn injuries on several body weight group in a rat study. Materials and methods Different degrees of obesity and burns were established in rats and divided into a normal weight group, overweight group, obese group, second-degree burn group, third-degree burn group, over-weight second-degree burn group, over-weight third-degree burn group, obese second-degree burn group, and obese third-degree burn group (20 rats per group). Changes in inflammatory factors and growth factor were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burns were inflicted. Results The ELISA test showed that in the unburned control group, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α protein expressions in the obese and over-weight groups were higher than the normal-weight group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR test showed that the expressions of MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α genes in the obese group were higher compared to the overweight and normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Three and 7 days after burns were inflicted, the level of VEGF in the normal weight group was higher than the obese group (P < 0.05), however increased VEGF was not observed on days 1 and 14. Conclusion Burn injury and obesity have a mutually synergistic effect on the body’s inflammatory response.

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