Pro-inflammatory effect of obesity on rats with burn wounds

Objective A burn is an inflammatory injury to the skin or other tissue due to contact with thermal, radioactive, electric, or chemical agents. Burn injury is an important cause of disability and death worldwide. Obesity is a significant public health problem, often causing underlying systemic inflammation. Studying the combined impact of burn injuries on obese patients has become critical to the successful treatment of these patients. The aim of this paper is to highlight the effect of inflammation associated with burn injuries on several body weight group in a rat study. Materials and methods Different degrees of obesity and burns were established in rats and divided into a normal weight group, overweight group, obese group, second-degree burn group, third-degree burn group, over-weight second-degree burn group, over-weight third-degree burn group, obese second-degree burn group, and obese third-degree burn group (20 rats per group). Changes in inflammatory factors and growth factor were measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burns were inflicted. Results The ELISA test showed that in the unburned control group, MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α protein expressions in the obese and over-weight groups were higher than the normal-weight group (P < 0.05). RT-PCR test showed that the expressions of MCP-1, IL-1β and TNF-α genes in the obese group were higher compared to the overweight and normal weight groups (P < 0.05). Three and 7 days after burns were inflicted, the level of VEGF in the normal weight group was higher than the obese group (P < 0.05), however increased VEGF was not observed on days 1 and 14. Conclusion Burn injury and obesity have a mutually synergistic effect on the body’s inflammatory response.

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Tolerance to glucose and lipid high metabolic reactions after burns in an obese rat model

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab163 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huiting Yu ◽

Chan Nie ◽

Yanna Zhou ◽

Xue Wang ◽

Haiyan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Burn Injury ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Burn Injuries ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Weight Groups

Abstract The goal of this study was to determine what effect obese body weight and a burn injury can have on the metabolism of glucose and lipids in rats. We used a 3*3 factorial model design to provide basic glucose and lipid metabolic data characterizing the interaction between different weight and burn injury groups. Two hundred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were categorized into three weight groups (normal, overweight, obese) and then further divided into control, second degree, and third degree burn groups. Our model compared interactions between weight and burn injury factors according to the above groups. Blood glucose and lipid metabolism indicators were monitored on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after burn injury occurred, and burned skin and blood samples were collected for testing. Compared with the normal weight group, the overweight group’s fast blood glucose (FBG), fast insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were higher (P<0.05), and FBG in the obese group was higher than the normal weight group (P<0.05).Burn injuries combined with obese body weight had an interactive effect on FBG, FINS and HOMA-IR after burn injury (P<0.05). Burn injury combined with obese body weight had an interaction on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on the 3rd day after burn injury (P<0.05). Burn injury combined with obese weight had no interaction on triglyceride (TRG), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P>0.05).Rats in the overweight and obese weight groups were observed to develop an adaptation and tolerance to a higher metabolic rate after burn injuries occurred.

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Pre-pregnancy underweight and obesity are positively associated with small-for-gestational-age infants in a Chinese population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52018-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuan Hua Chen ◽

Li Li ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Zhi Bing Liu ◽

Li Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Weight Groups

Abstract The association between suboptimal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants is not well defined. We investigated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the risk of SGA infants in a Chinese population. We performed a cohort study among 12029 mothers with a pregnancy. This cohort consisted of pregnant women that were: normal-weight (62.02%), underweight (17.09%), overweight (17.77%) and obese (3.12%). Birth sizes were reduced in the underweight and obese groups compared with the normal-weight group. Linear regression analysis indicated that birth size was positively associated with BMI in both the underweight and normal-weight groups. Further analysis showed that 12.74% of neonates were SGA infants in the underweight group, higher than 7.43% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.61, 2.30). Unexpectedly, 17.60% of neonates were SGA infants in the obese group, much higher than the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.57, 3.00). Additionally, 18.40% of neonates were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants in the obese group, higher than 7.26% of neonates reported in the normal-weight group (adjusted RR = 3.00; 95% CI: 2.21, 4.06). These results suggest that pre-pregnancy underweight increases the risk of SGA infants, whereas obesity increases the risks of not only LGA infants, but also SGA infants.

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Evaluation of adipokine chemerin in hypertensive obese

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n6a2019-47937 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Dalia Ramzy Ibrahim ◽

Mervat Elsayed Taha ◽

Amaal Mohamed Kamal

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Overweight Group ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Weight Groups

Chemerin is an adipokine secreted by adiopose tissue and has a role in obesity and hypertension. This study aims at assessing the level of the adipokine chemerin in obesity and/or hypertension and correlating its level with the inflammatory marker hs-CRP and predictors of atherosclerosis as lipid profile, insulin resistance, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP).Volunteers were divided into 4 equal groups according to body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure: normal weight group (BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2), overweight group (BMI = 25.0 – 29.9 kg/m2), normotensive obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and hypertensive obese group (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Chemerin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FI) were evaluated in the mentioned groups.The results showed that there were significant increases of chemerin, hs-CRP, low density lipoprotein (LDL), SBP and DBP in hypertensive obese group compared to normotensive obese , overweight and normal weight groups. Moreover the only significant positive correlation between chemerin and hs-CRP was observed in the obese hypertensive group. The normotensive obese group showed significant increases of hs-CRP, LDL, triglyceride (TG), FBG, FI and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) compared to the overweight and normal weight groups. Regarding the overweight group, there were significant increases in chemerin, hs-CRP, cholesterol, LDL, TG compared to the normal weight group, while the HDL levels were significantly lower compared to the two obese groups. These results revealed that the pro-inflammatory adipokine chemerin increases in obesity associated with hypertension, leading to the suggestion that there is a definite dysregulation of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory parameters towards the pro-inflammatory when hypertension and obesity are associated.

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Effects of a Twelve-Week Weight Reduction Exercise Programme on Selected Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Obese Individuals

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2017/4193256 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joseph A. Jegede ◽

Babatunde O. A. Adegoke ◽

Oladapo M. Olagbegi

Keyword(s):

Weight Reduction ◽

Step Length ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

Study Data ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Quasi Experimental

Objectives. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of twelve-week weight reduction exercises on selected spatiotemporal gait parameters of obese individuals and compare with their normal weight counterparts. Methods. Sixty participants (30 obese and 30 of normal weight) started but only 58 participants (obese = 30, normal weight = 28) completed the quasi-experimental study. Only obese group had 12 weeks of weight reduction exercise training but both groups had their walking speed (WS), cadence (CD), step length (SL), step width (SW), and stride length (SDL) measured at baseline and at the end of weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the study. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. There was significantly lower WS, SL, and SDL but higher CD and SW in obese group than the normal weight group at baseline and week 12. However, the obese group had significantly higher percentage changes in all selected spatiotemporal parameters than the normal weight group. Conclusion. The 12-week weight reduction exercise programme produced significantly higher percentage changes in all selected spatiotemporal gait parameters in the obese than normal weight individuals and is recommended for improvement of these parameters among the obese individuals with gait related problems.

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Correlation between obesity and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: a study of 1579 cases: a retrospective study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9675 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9675

Author(s):

Huijuan Wang ◽

Pingping Wang ◽

Yu Wu ◽

Xiukun Hou ◽

Zechun Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Advanced Tumor ◽

Tumor Node Metastasis Stage ◽

Overweight Group ◽

The Relationship

Objective To explore the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The clinical data of 1,579 patients with PTC, admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to March 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight recombination (BMI < 18.5 kg/m), normal body recombination (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight recombination (24.0 ≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2). The clinicopathological characteristics of PTC in patients with different BMIs group were compared. Results In our study, the risk for extrathyroidal extension (ETE), advanced T stage (T III/IV), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (TNM III/IV) in the overweight group were higher, with OR (odds ratio) = 1.99(1.41–2.81), OR = 2.01(1.43–2.84), OR = 2.94(1.42–6.07), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. The risk for ETE and T III/IV stage in the obese group were higher, with OR = 1.82(1.23–2.71) and OR = 1.82(1.23–2.70), respectively, relative to the normal weight group. Conclusion BMI is associated with the invasiveness of PTC. There is a higher risk for ETE and TNM III/IV stage among patients with PTC in the overweight group and for ETE among patients with PTC in the obese group.

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Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8317 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaowei Chen ◽

Haixiang Sun ◽

Fei Jiang ◽

Yan Shen ◽

Xin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Weight Group ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background Obesity is a global epidemic in the industrialized and developing world, and many children suffer from obesity-related complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might have significant effect on the development of obesity. The microbiota continues to develop through childhood and thus childhood may be the prime time for microbiota interventions to realize health promotion or disease prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure and function of pediatric gut microbiota. Methods According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, twenty-three normal weight and twenty-eight obese children were recruited from Nanjing, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and sequencing was applied to analyze the gut microbiota diversity and composition using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota with increasing body weight. The alpha diversity indices showed that the normal weight group had higher abundance and observed species than the obese group (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; PD whole tree: P < 0.001; Shannon index: P = 0.008). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the normal weight group and the obese group. The liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fifty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the fecal samples of the normal weight group and forty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the obese group. In regard to phyla, the gut microbiota in the obese group had lower proportions of Bacteroidetes (51.35%) compared to the normal weight group (55.48%) (P = 0.030). There was no statistical difference in Firmicutes between the two groups (P = 0.436), and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between the two groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.983). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Megamonas, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant in the obese group than in the normal weight group (P = 0.048, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P = 0.040, and P = 0.003, respectively). The fecal microbiota of children in the obese group had lower proportions of Oscillospira and Dialister compared to the normal weight group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed a decrease in gut microbiota abundance and diversity as the BMI increased. Variations in the bacterial community structure were associated with obesity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the development of obesity in Chinese children.

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Obesity and left ventricular mass in children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi55.4.2015.224-29 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Mauliza Mauliza ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Melda Deliana ◽

Tina Christina L Tobing

Keyword(s):

Left Ventricular Mass ◽

Interventricular Septum ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Internal Diameter ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Ventricular Mass ◽

Moderate Positive Correlation

Background Obesity has negative effects on cardiac function during growth leading to increased heart size and mass, as a result of higher stroke volume and cardiac output.Objective To assess for a relationship between obesity and left ventricular mass (LVM) in children, as well as to assess for a correlation between the duration of obesity and LVM.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2011 until February 2012 in Medan and included 30 obese and 30 normal weight children, aged 6 to 13 years. All subjects underwent complete echocardiography examinations to assess LVM and other left ventricular parameters. The Devereux formula was used to measure LVM.Results During the study, 65 children underwent echocardiography, but 5 were subsequently excluded. The left ventricular dimensions in the obese group were significantly higher compared to normal weight group with regards to interventricular septum at end diastole (IVSd), interventricular septum at end systole (IVSS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs), left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd), left ventricular mass (LVM), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (P=0.0001). Duration of obesity and LVM had a moderate, positive correlation (r=0.407).Conclusion There is significantly higher LVM in the obese group than in the normal weight group. The duration of obesity had a moderate, positive correlation to LVM.

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Influence of Morbid Obesity on the Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Daptomycin

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00059-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 2741-2747 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Manjunath P. Pai ◽

Jeffrey P. Norenberg ◽

Tamara Anderson ◽

Diane W. Goade ◽

Keith A. Rodvold ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Single Dose ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Maximum Plasma ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group

ABSTRACT The present study characterized the single-dose pharmacokinetics of daptomycin dosed as 4 mg/kg of total body weight (TBW) in seven morbidly obese and seven age-, sex-, race-, and serum creatinine-matched healthy subjects. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured for both groups following a single bolus injection of [125I]sodium iothalamate. Noncompartmental analysis was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, and these values were normalized against TBW, ideal body weight (IBW), and fat-free weight (FFW) for comparison of the two groups. All subjects enrolled in this study were female, and the mean (±standard deviation) body mass index was 46.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 or 21.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2 for the morbidly obese or normal-weight group, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve from dosing to 24 h were approximately 60% higher (P < 0.05) in the morbidly obese group than in the normal-weight group, and these were a function of the higher total dose received in the morbidly obese group. No differences in daptomycin volume of distribution (V), total clearance, renal clearance, or protein binding were noted between the two groups. Of TBW, FFW, or IBW, TBW provided the best correlation to V. In contrast, TBW overestimated GFR through creatinine clearance calculations using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Use of IBW in the Cockcroft-Gault equation or use of the four-variable modification of diet in renal disease equation best estimated GFR in morbidly obese subjects. Further studies of daptomycin pharmacokinetics in morbidly obese patients with acute bacterial infections and impaired renal function are necessary to better predict appropriate dosage intervals.

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The Relationship between National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Weight Guidelines and Concurrent Medical Costs in a Manufacturing Population

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.4278/0890-1171-17.3.183 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Feifei Wang ◽

Alyssa B. Schultz ◽

Shirley Musich ◽

Tim McDonald ◽

David Hirschland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Costs ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Weight Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Blood Institute ◽

National Heart ◽

National Heart Lung ◽

The Relationship ◽

Weight Groups

Purpose. To explore the relationship between the 1998 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) weight guidelines and concurrent medical costs. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. In a nationwide manufacturing corporation (General Motors Corporation). Subjects. A total of 177,971 employees, retirees, and their adult dependents who were enrolled in Indemnity/PPO health insurance plan during the years 1996 and 1997 and completed one health risk appraisal (HRA) in the same period. Measures. The participants were categorized into six weight groups according to the NHLBI 1998 guidelines (body mass index [BMI] <185, 185–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9, 35–39.9, ≥40 kg/m2). The height and weight data were collected by self-reported values on an HRA or biometric screening completed during 1996 to 1997. To represent the typical medical costs in a given group, the median, instead of mean, medical charges were used in this article. The annual median medical charges (including drug charges) for years 1996 and 1997 were compared among the six weight groups by using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. The differences in median charges were also tested between the normal weight group and the other five groups for each of the 10 gender-age subgroups (five age groups: 19–44, 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, 75+). Results. Overall median medical costs were consistent with the NHLBI weight guidelines. The normal-weight group costs the least and both underweight and overweight-obesity groups cost more. The median medical costs of the six weight groups were $3184, $2225, $2388, $2801, $3182, and $3753, respectively, with statistical differences existing between any two groups of the last five categories. The underweight groups, especially in females, were not consistent with the guidelines in the two young groups (ages 19–44 and 45–54). An inconsistent relationship between medical costs and BMI groups was seen in the oldest males (age 75+). Conclusions. The six weight groups defined by the 1998 NHLBI guidelines are consistent with concurrent medical costs. Except for the underweight group (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), medical costs gradually increased with BMI. Given that the prevalence of obesity continues to increase in western countries, effective weight control programs would help avoid a substantial amount of medical costs associated with overweight/obesity and related diseases.

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Comparison of Adiponectin Levels During the Menstrual Cycle Between Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Young Females

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934197 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 939-945

Author(s):

A.M. Salem ◽

R. Latif ◽

N. Rafique

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Young Women ◽

Adiponectin Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Group ◽

Serum Adiponectin ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Weight Group ◽

Normal Weight Group ◽

Estradiol Levels

To compare serum adiponectin changes across the menstrual cycle between normal weight and overweight/obese young women and its correlation with serum estradiol. Young women (n=56) with regular menstrual cycle had been grouped according to their BMI into normal weight group (n=26) and overweight /obese group (n=30). Blood samples were drawn during early follicular (FP), pre-ovulatory (OP) and luteal phases (LP) of menstrual cycle for serum adiponectin and estradiol levels determination using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adiponectin serum level showed a significant decreasing pattern across the phases of menstrual cycle in normal weight group. This pattern was absent in the overweight/obese group. In addition, serum adiponectin was lower in overweight/obese group compared to normal weight subjects through all phases of menstrual cycle. No correlation was found between adiponectin and estradiol levels in both groups. A significant variation of serum adiponectin level was detected across the menstrual cycle in females with normal weight. In comparison, overweight/obese group showed a relatively stable adiponectin level throughout the cycle. This lack of adiponectin variation might be added to the complex mechanisms lies behind obesity-related female infertility.

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