Measurement Properties of Visual Analogue Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, and Pain Severity Subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review

Context: A simulated horseback riding (SHR) exercise is effective for improvement of pain and functional disability, but its comparative effectiveness with the other is unknown. Objective: The authors aimed to demonstrate the effect of a SHR exercise in people with chronic low back pain. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Settings: Community and university campus. Participants: A total of 48 participants with chronic low back pain were divided into 2 groups, and SHR exercises (n = 24) or stabilization (STB) exercises (n = 24) were performed. Interventions: The exercises were performed for 30 minutes, 2 days per week for 8 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Numeric rating scale, functional disabilities (Oswestry disability index and Roland–Morris disability), and fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) scores were measured at baseline and at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months. Results: A 2-way repeated analysis of variance identified that between-group comparisons showed significant differences in the FABQ related to work scale (F = 21.422; P = .01). There were no significant differences in the numeric rating scale (F = 1.696; P = .21), Oswestry disability index (F = 1.848; P = .20), Roland–Morris disability (F = 0.069; P = .80), and FABQ related to physical scale (F = 1.579; P = .24). In within-group comparisons, both groups presented significant differences in numeric rating scale (both SHR and STB after 4 wk), Oswestry disability index (both SHR and STB after 6 mo), and Roland–Morris disability (SHR after 6 mo and STB after 8 wk) compared with baseline values. In FABQ-related physical (SHR after 4 wk) and work scales (SHR after 6 mo), there were only significant differences in the SHR compared with baseline values. Conclusions: SHR exercise for 8 weeks had a greater effect than STB exercise for reducing work-related FABQ. The SHR exercise performed in a seated position could substantially decrease pain-related fear disability in young adults with chronic low back pain.

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Utilization of Back Movement Technique to Intensity of Low Back Pain in Third Trimester Pregnant Women

STRADA JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN ◽

10.30994/sjik.v9i2.335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 535-542

Author(s):

Putri Maretyara Saptyani ◽

Ari Suwondo ◽

Runjati Runjati

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Back ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Numeric Rating

One of the discomforts in third-trimester pregnancy is lower back pain.The prevalence of back pain during pregnancy can reach 80%. The study aims to prove the use of back movement technique to decrease the intensity of low back pain in third trimester pregnant women. The study used quasy-experimental, pretest-posttest with control group design. The sample of the study was third-trimester pregnant women with low back pain totaling 40 respondents. The instrument used to measure back pain in pregnancy is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis used wilcoxon and man-whitney. There was a decrease in intensity of low back pain before treatment by 4.75 cm and after being given a back movement technique of 1.55 cm (p = 0.001). Back movement technique is proven to be more effective in reducing the intensity of low back pain in third-trimester pregnant women.

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HUBUNGAN POSTUR TUBUH DAN LAMA BERDIRI DENGAN KEJADIAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA PEKERJA DI CIKARANG

EDISI PIT X KG 2018 - Medika Kartika Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.35990/mk.v4n4.p331-342 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 331-342

Author(s):

Mayang Ameilia Putri ◽

Mila Citrawati ◽

Riezky Valentina Astari

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Entire Body ◽

Low Back ◽

Body Map ◽

Rapid Entire Body Assessment ◽

Numeric Rating

Low back pain (LBP) merupakan sebuah sindrom klinis ditandai dengan timbulnya gejala nyeri di sekitar punggung bawah yang tanpa atau dapat disertai penjalaran pada tungkai bawah. Posisi tidak ergonomis seperti membungkuk, memiringkan badan, dan posisi menggapai atau berlutut yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa dampak, salah satunya LBP. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan postur tubuh dan lama berdiri dengan kejadian LBP pada pekerja bidang produksi dan logistik di Cikarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang karena membahas dua variabel (independen dan dependen) selanjutnya diobservasi atau diukur hanya sekali pada setiap variabel dalam waktu yang sama. Sampel penelitian berjenis kelamin lakilaki, berjumlah 62 responden, berusia 18-40 tahun dengan kata lain termasuk kriteria inklusi dan teknik pengambilan sampel berupa simple random sampling. Analisis postur tubuh menggunakan Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), untuk lokasi serta pengukuran intensitas nyeri LBP menggunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) dan Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), analisis bersifat kuantitatif karena didasarkan pada skala yang tersedia pada kategori setiap instrumen penelitian. Hasil uji Fisher hubungan postur tubuh dengan kejadian LBP diperoleh nilai signifikansi p=1,000 (p> 0,05) dan untuk lama berdiri dengan kejadian LBP didapatkan nilai signifikansi p=0,067 (p> 0,05). Kesimpulan hasil tersebut tidak terdapat hubungan antara postur tubuh dan lama berdiri dengan kejadian LBP pada pekerja. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi usia pekerja yang dominan termasuk kategori usia produktif sehingga sifat fisiologis otot masih sangat menunjang produktivitas kerja. Selain itu disela-sela kegiatan, para pekerja dapat leluasa melakukan peregangan minimal pada tubuhnya sehingga kekakuan pada otot di sekitar punggung bawah dapat dihindari.

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MCKENZIE EXERCISE DAN WILLIAM’S FLEXION EXERCISE EFEKTIF MENURUNKAN INTENSITAS LOW BACK PAIN

Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada ◽

10.34035/jk.v12i1.547 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-52

Author(s):

Muhammad Afrian Wiji Pratama ◽

Nurfitri Bustamam ◽

Fajriati Zulfa

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Low Back ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Before And After ◽

Numeric Rating

Low Back pain (LBP) merupakan sindroma klinis yang ditandai dengan nyeri pada regio punggung bawah dengan atau tanpa disertai nyeri tungkai. Pembatik berisiko mengalami LBP. McKenzie Exercise dan William’s Flexion Exercise merupakan back exercise yang mudah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan efektivitas McKenzie Exercise dan William‘s Flexion Exercise untuk menurunkan intensitas LBP pada pembatik. Penelitian menggunakan two-group pretest-posttest design. Sebanyak 20 orang pembatik di Kampung Batik Giriloyo dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu kelompok yang melakukan McKenzie Exercise dan kelompok yang melakukan William’s Flexion Exercise. Kedua kelompok melakukan latihan tersebut dengan frekuensi tiga kali seminggu selama dua minggu. Sebelum dan sesudah latihan, intensitas LBP diukur menggunakan Numeric Rating Scale. Uji Wilcoxon digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan intensitas LBP sebelum dan sesudah latihan. Uji Mann-Whitney digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan efektivitas McKenzie Exercise dan William’s Flexion Exercise dalam menurunkan intensitas LBP. Analisis data menunjukkan intensitas LBP pada kedua kelompok sebelum melakukan back exercise adalah 5 (4-6). Pada kelompok yang melakukan McKenzie Exercise maupun kelompok yang melakukan William’s Flexion Exercise didapatkan penurunan intensitas LBP menjadi 2 (1-3). Terdapat perbedaan intensitas LBP sebelum dan sesudah latihan pada kelompok McKenzie Exercise (p = 0,004) dan pada kelompok William Flexion Exercise (p = 0,004). Tidak ada perbedaan penurunan intensitas LBP antara kelompok McKenzie Exercise dan kelompok William’s Flexion Exercise (p = 0,328). Low Back Pain (LBP) is a clinical syndrome that consists of pain at the lower back region with or without limb pain. Batik workers were at risk of LBP. McKenzie Exercise and William’s Flexion Exercise are an easy back exercise. This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of McKenzie Exercise and William’s Flexion Exercise for reducing LBP among batik workers. This study used a two-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 20 batik workers in Kampung Batik Giriloyo were selected by purposive sampling technique. The research subjects were divided into two, namely the group doing the McKenzie Exercise and the group doing the William’s Flexion Exercise. Both groups did the exercise three times a week for two weeks. Before and after the exercise, the intensity of LBP was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale. The Wilcoxon test was used to determine whether there were differences in LBP intensity before and after exercise. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine whether there was a difference in the effectiveness of the McKenzie Exercise and William's Flexion Exercise in reducing LBP intensity. Data analysis showed LBP intensity in both groups before doing back exercise was 5 (4-6). In the group that did the McKenzie Exercise and the group that did the William’s Flexion Exercise, the LBP intensity decreased to 2 (1-3). There were differences in LBP intensity before and after exercise in the McKenzie Exercise group (p = 0.004) and the William’s Flexion Exercise group (p = 0.004). There was no difference in the decrease in LBP intensity between the McKenzie Exercise group and the William’s Flexion Exercise group (p = 0.328).

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The Visual Analogue Scale Versus Numerical Rating Scale in Measuring Pain Severity and Predicting Disability in Low Back Pain

JCR Journal of Clinical Rheumatology ◽

10.1097/rhu.0000000000001320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tarek Saad Shafshak ◽

Rehab Elnemr

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Visual Analogue Scale ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Low Back ◽

Numerical Rating

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A randomised controlled trial of ‘clockwise’ ultrasound for low back pain

South African Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.4102/sajp.v72i1.306 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adriaan Louw ◽

Kory Zimney ◽

Merrill R. Landers ◽

Mark Luttrell ◽

Bob Clair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Leg Pain ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Back ◽

Lumbar Flexion ◽

Experimental Group

Aims: To examine how the choice of words explaining ultrasound (US) may influence the outcome of physiotherapy treatment for low back pain (LBP).Methods: Sixty-seven patients with LBP < 3 months were randomly allocated to one of three groups – traditional education about US (control group [CG]), inflated education about US (experimental group [EG]) or extra-inflated education about US (extra-experimental group [EEG]). Each patient received the exact same application of US that has shown clinical efficacy for LBP (1.5 Watts/cm2 for 10 minutes at 1 Megahertz, pulsed 20% over a 20 cm2 area), but received different explanations (CG, EG or EEG). Before and immediately after US,measurements of LBP and leg pain (numeric rating scale), lumbar flexion (distance to floor) and straight leg raise (SLR) (inclinometer) were taken. Statistical analysis consisted of mixed-factorial analyses of variance and chi-square analyses to measure differences between the three groups, as well as meeting or exceeding minimal detectable changes (MDCs) for pain, lumbar flexion and SLR.Results: Both EG and EEG groups showed a statistically significant improvement for SLR (p < 0.0001), while the CG did not. The EEG group participants were 4.4 times (95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 17.5) more likely to improve beyond the MDC than the CG. No significant differences were found between the groups for LBP, leg pain or lumbar flexion.Conclusion: The choice of words when applying a treatment in physiotherapy can alter the efficacy of the treatment.

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Psychometric Properties of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale in Patients with Low-Back Pathology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Physiotherapy Canada ◽

10.3138/ptc-2020-0042 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e20200042

Author(s):

Goris Nazari ◽

Pavlos Bobos ◽

Steve Lu ◽

Stephanie Reischl ◽

Pedro H. Almeida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Measurement Properties ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Low Back ◽

Functional Scale ◽

Patient Reported

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis identifies, critically appraises, synthesizes, and meta-analyses the reported psychometric properties of the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) in patients with low back pain or pathology. Method: The MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched from their inception to September 2019. We included prospective measurement studies that reported on the psychometric properties (reliability, validity, responsiveness) of the PSFS in people with low back pain or pathology. We followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments 2018 guideline for systematic reviews. We performed both quantitative and qualitative syntheses in which the results were summarized on the basis of the reported measurement properties and study quality. Results: Ten eligible studies were included. The pooled PSFS reliability measure was excellent (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.95). Validity measures displayed correlations that ranged from −0.47 to 0.69 when compared with other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or other tests. Eight studies had assessed the responsiveness of the PSFS. Effect sizes reported were large (≥ 0.91). Conclusions: The PSFS is a reliable, valid, and responsive PROM for patients with low back pain or pathology.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AND LEVEL OF SPINAL CORD INJURY

Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion – IRONS ◽

10.19271/irons-000153-2021-37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (37) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

Anna Barnaś ◽

Ewa Chlebuś ◽

Agnieszka Wareńczak ◽

Joanna Pałucka ◽

Przemysław Lisiński

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Facet Joint ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Safe Procedure ◽

Low Back ◽

Pain Disability ◽

Gait Parameters ◽

Cord Injury

Introduction Low back pain and comorbid afflictions influence negatively on the quality of life, postural control and gait. Facet joint syndrome is one of the causes of low back pain. Cryoablation is a minimal invasive percutaneuous technique for zygapophysial joint syndrome. Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the cryoablation in patients with chronic low back pain on pain, disability and spatiotemporal gait parameters in the course of facet joint syndrome. Material and methods The study included 19 patients (13 women, 7 men) with chronic low back and facet arthropathic changes in MRI, and with failure in conservative treatment. The evaluation was performed before and with one-month follow-up after cryoablation and included pain assessment (Numeric Rating Scale), the evaluation of functional state and disability (Revised Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire) and an analysis of spatiotemporal gait parameters (treadmill). Results A significant improvement in pain, functioning and spatiotemporal gait parameters such as distance and the number of steps were found. Conclusions Cryoablation is an effective method for pain reduction in facet joint syndrome, which improves functioning and gait. Cryoanalgesia is a safe procedure for the treatment of low back pain related to facet joint syndrome if earlier conservative management failed. Keywords: cryoablation, low back pain, functional assessment, gait

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EFFECTIVENESS OF LUMBAR STABILIZATION EXERCISES IN NON-SPECIFIC LOW BACK PAIN AMONG OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.8.1/009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Jaza Rizvi ◽

Neelum Zehra ◽

Hira Masood

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Life Time ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Low Back ◽

Lumbar Stabilization ◽

Group A

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low Back Pain (LBP) is considered as the second leading source of musculoskeletal disorders, affecting 85% individuals worldwide at some point in their life time. Numerous studies estimated Occupational Therapists have predominant risk of developing LBP due to nature of their daily activities therefore the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of lumbar stabilizing exercises among Occupational Therapists with non specific LBP. METHODOLOGY A single blind, RCT was conducted at Dr. Ziauddin Hospital included 30 Occupational Therapists divided in to Group A and B that received lumbar stabilization and general extension exercises respectively. Both the groups received 4 weeks of intervention on 6 days/week. Data was collected Pre and Post the treatment on Numeric Rating Scale and Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire. RESULTS Both the groups showed significant results (p<0.05), however Group A showed marked reduction in pain and disability in comparison to Group B that showed moderate decrease in both outcome measures. CONCLUSION Lumbar stabilization exercises are more effective to reduce LBP as compared to general extension exercises. Multi-center trials are recommended in the management of LBP in healthcare professionals to prevent musculoskeletal disorders.

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Endoscopic radiofrequency facet joint treatment in patients with low back pain: technique and long-term results. A prospective cohort study

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease ◽

10.1177/1759720x20958979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1759720X2095897

Author(s):

Stefano Meloncelli ◽

Giorgio Germani ◽

Ignazio Urti ◽

Marco Divizia ◽

Maria Rosciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Facet Joint ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Interventional Treatment ◽

Low Back ◽

Facet Joints

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic rhizotomy (ER) for denervation of lumbar facet joints in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) due to facet joint syndrome (FJS). Methods: A total of 50 consecutive patients suffering from chronic LBP due to facet joints were screened to be treated with ER. The patients participating in the study had a 2-year follow up. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were assessed in the preoperative and postoperative period. To evaluate secondary endpoints, patients were divided into groups. One group included the patients previously treated with percutaneous radiofrequency (RF). The other group comprised patients at their first interventional treatment. We also compared patients dividing them by age and by number of joints treated, trying to elucidate if these parameters could be predictive of effectiveness of the procedure. Results: All patients had a reduction in NRS and an improvement in ODI. NRS was reduced significantly after 1 month and remained the same until the end of the study. ODI was significantly improved from T1 (1 month after surgery) up to T7 (end of the study). The improvements did not differ whether already treated with percutaneous rhizotomy or not. Patients less than 60 years or with 1–2 joints treated had better improvement compared with the others. Conclusion: The results obtained demonstrate that ER for denervation of the facet joint is an effective treatment in patients with chronic LBP, with consistent and stable results at 2-year follow up. The technique has a rapid learning curve and no major complications occurred. Moreover, the previous percutaneous RF treatment had no influence on the results obtained with endoscopic technique. There is evidence that best results are obtained in younger patients and/or in patients with 1–2 joints treated. Lay summary Low-back pain has facet joints inflammation or degeneration as pain generator in 20–40% of cases. Nervous lesion of the dorsal ramus innervating the facet joints has been shown as an efficacious treatment to obtain good analgesia. Percutaneous techniques have provided short term results for several reasons. This research aimed to see whether endoscopic denervation, which guarantees a more precise approach to anatomical structure, would result in more durable results. The study conducted on 40 patients has made it clear that this approach gives significant analgesia for at least 2 years, which was the time of patient follow up.

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