The impact of persistent-inflammation on peripheral GABAA receptor regulation of visceral nociception

Asthma represents one of the most common medical issues in the modern world. It is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways and disturbances in redox status, leading to hyperresponsiveness of bronchi and airway obstruction. Apart from classical risk factors such as air pollution, family history, allergies, or obesity, disturbances of the levels of micronutrients lead to impairments in the defense mechanisms of the affected organism against oxidative stress and proinflammatory stimuli. In the present review, the impact of micronutrients on the prevalence, severity, and possible risk factors of asthma is discussed. Although the influence of classical micronutrients such as selenium, copper, or zinc are well known, the effects of those such as iodine or manganese are only rarely mentioned. As a consequence, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how disturbances in the levels of micronutrients and their supplementation might affect the course of asthma.

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The Role of B Cells in Adult and Paediatric Liver Injury

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.729143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Arzoo M. Patel ◽

Yuxin S. Liu ◽

Scott P. Davies ◽

Rachel M. Brown ◽

Deirdre A. Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cells ◽

B Cell ◽

T Cell Activation ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Liver Diseases ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Persistent Inflammation ◽

Stage Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

The Impact

B lymphocytes are multitasking cells that direct the immune response by producing pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines, by presenting processed antigen for T cell activation and co-stimulation, and by turning into antibody-secreting cells. These functions are important to control infection in the liver but can also exacerbate tissue damage and fibrosis as part of persistent inflammation that can lead to end stage disease requiring a transplant. In transplantation, immunosuppression increases the incidence of lymphoma and often this is of B cell origin. In this review we bring together information on liver B cell biology from different liver diseases, including alcohol-related and metabolic fatty liver disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary and primary sclerosing cholangitis, viral hepatitis and, in infants, biliary atresia. We also discuss the impact of B cell depletion therapy in the liver setting. Taken together, our analysis shows that B cells are important in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and that further research is necessary to fully characterise the human liver B cell compartment.

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Interpreting the impact of GABAA receptor structural modifications using an allosteric co-agonist mechanism for etomidate actions

International Congress Series ◽

10.1016/j.ics.2005.07.038 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1283 ◽

pp. 288-289

Author(s):

Stuart A. Forman ◽

Dirk Rüsch

Keyword(s):

Gabaa Receptor ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

The Impact

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The Influence of Inflammation on Anemia in CKD Patients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21030725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Gluba-Brzózka ◽

Beata Franczyk ◽

Robert Olszewski ◽

Jacek Rysz

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategies ◽

Progression Rate ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Persistent Inflammation ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

The Impact

Anemia is frequently observed in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is associated with diminishing the quality of a patient’s life. It also enhances morbidity and mortality and hastens the CKD progression rate. Patients with CKD frequently suffer from a chronic inflammatory state which is related to a vast range of underlying factors. The results of studies have demonstrated that persistent inflammation may contribute to the variability in Hb levels and hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA), which are frequently observed in CKD patients. The understanding of the impact of inflammatory cytokines on erythropoietin production and hepcidin synthesis will enable one to unravel the net of interactions of multiple factors involved in the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic disease. It seems that anti-cytokine and anti-oxidative treatment strategies may be the future of pharmacological interventions aiming at the treatment of inflammation-associated hyporesponsiveness to ESA. The discovery of new therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of anemia in CKD patients has become highly awaited. The treatment of anemia with erythropoietin (EPO) was associated with great benefits for some patients but not all.

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The impact of tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition on neuronal excitability varies across brain region and cell type

Frontiers in Neural Circuits ◽

10.3389/fncir.2014.00003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Vallent Lee ◽

Jamie Maguire

Keyword(s):

Gabaa Receptor ◽

Brain Region ◽

Neuronal Excitability ◽

Cell Type ◽

The Impact

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Receptor Regulation in Taste: Can Diet Influence How We Perceive Foods?

J ◽

10.3390/j1010011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 106-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ashkan Shahbandi ◽

Ezen Choo ◽

Robin Dando

Keyword(s):

Chronic Exposure ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Receptor Regulation ◽

Taste Receptors ◽

Receptor Sensitivity ◽

Small Pilot Study ◽

Monosodium Salt ◽

The Impact

Taste buds are the dedicated sensory end organs of taste, comprising a complex and evolving profile of signaling elements. The sensation and ultimate perception of taste depends on the expression of a diverse array of receptors and channels that sense their respective tastes. Receptor regulation is a recognized and well-studied phenomenon in many systems, observed in opioid addiction, insulin resistance and caffeine tolerance. Results from human sensory studies suggest that receptor sensitivity or expression level may decrease after chronic exposure to respective tastants through diet. We review data supporting the theory that taste receptors may become downregulated with exposure to a specific tastant, along with presenting data from a small pilot study, showing the impact of long-term tastant exposure on taste receptor expression in mice. Mice treated with monosodium salt monohydrate (MSG), saccharin and NaCl (typically appetitive tastes) all displayed a significant decrease in mRNA expression for respective umami, sweet and salty receptors/sensory channels. Reduced sensitivity to appetitive tastes may promote overconsumption of foods high in such stimuli.

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