Neonatal Antibiotics and Prematurity Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in the First Year of Life

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are one of the most common problems in children of the first year of life. The aim of the study was to assess the pathogenic potential of Klebsiella spp. strains, isolated from the colon in children of the first year of life with FGID. Material for the study included 61 coprological samples. The biological material was divided into comparison groups, depending on the type of Klebsiella excreted at a concentration of 105–108 CFU/g: 1st – with vegetation in the colon K. pneumoniae (n = 30); 2nd – with vegetation K. oxytoca (n = 31). Bacteriological study composition of the intestinal contents was carried out according to the Industry standard “Protocol of management of patients. Intestinal dysbiosis” (2003). Identification was carried out according to generally accepted schemes using commercial test systems for biochemical identification of bacteria. Statistical data processing was performed using licensed applications “MS Office Excel 2003 for Windows 7”. The data on the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition microbiota in the comparison groups were obtained. The results of detection genetic determinants of pathogenicity in the samples of Klebsiella of two species show that among the strains of Klebsiella spp., vegetating in the intestines of children as a component of an allochthonous microbiota, a sufficiently high and virulent potential can be concentrated. Detection of pathogenicity genes in bacteria of the genus Klebsiella will expand and deepen the problem of finding the structures of adaptation of strains of bacteria that cause FGID in children of the first year of life.

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The type of psychological component of the mother’s gestational dominant and the severity of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children of the first year of life: results of an online survey

Pharmateca ◽

10.18565/pharmateca.2021.1.91-97 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1_2021 ◽

pp. 91-97

Author(s):

M.I. Dubrovskaya Dubrovskaya ◽

E.I. Gryaznova Gryaznova ◽

A.S. Botkina Botkina ◽

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

First Year ◽

Psychological Component ◽

First Year Of Life

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Features of the Composition of the Colon Microbiota in Children of the First Year of Life with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Acta biomedica scientifica ◽

10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 106-112

Author(s):

E. V. Grigorova ◽

L. V. Rychkova ◽

L. F. Sholokhov ◽

N. L. Belkova ◽

U. M. Nemchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Increased Risk of Malaria During the First Year of Life in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants: A Longitudinal Study in Benin

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiy699 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 219 (10) ◽

pp. 1642-1651 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gino Agbota ◽

Manfred Accrombessi ◽

Gilles Cottrell ◽

Yves Martin-Prével ◽

Jacqueline Milet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

First Year ◽

Increased Risk ◽

First Year Of Life

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Early Probiotic Supplementation and the Risk of Celiac Disease in Children at Genetic Risk

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081790 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1790 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ulla Uusitalo ◽

Carin Andren Aronsson ◽

Xiang Liu ◽

Kalle Kurppa ◽

Jimin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

First Year ◽

Event Analysis ◽

Time To Event ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

First Year Of Life

Probiotics are linked to positive regulatory effects on the immune system. The aim of the study was to examine the association between the exposure of probiotics via dietary supplements or via infant formula by the age of 1 year and the development of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and celiac disease among a cohort of 6520 genetically susceptible children. Use of probiotics during the first year of life was reported by 1460 children. Time-to-event analysis was used to examine the associations. Overall exposure of probiotics during the first year of life was not associated with either CDA (n = 1212) (HR 1.15; 95%CI 0.99, 1.35; p = 0.07) or celiac disease (n = 455) (HR 1.11; 95%CI 0.86, 1.43; p = 0.43) when adjusting for known risk factors. Intake of probiotic dietary supplements, however, was associated with a slightly increased risk of CDA (HR 1.18; 95%CI 1.00, 1.40; p = 0.043) compared to children who did not get probiotics. It was concluded that the overall exposure of probiotics during the first year of life was not associated with CDA or celiac disease in children at genetic risk.

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Urinary Tract Infections and the Uncircumcised State: An Update

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/000992289303200301 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 130-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Thomas E. Wiswell ◽

Wayne E. Hachey

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fold Increase ◽

First Year ◽

Us Army ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Army Hospitals ◽

Tract Infections ◽

First Year Of Life

In a two-part study of the circumcision status of boys with urinary tract infections (UTIs), we reviewed the occurrence of UTIs in 209,399 infants born in US Army hospitals worldwide from 1985 to 1990. During the first year of life, 1,046 (0.5%: 550 girls and 496 boys) were hospitalized for UTIs. Noncircumcised male infants had a 10-fold greater incidence of infection than did circumcised male infants. The frequency rate of circumcision rose significantly, from 70.3% to 80.2%, during the study period. Among uncircumcised boys younger than 3 months with UTIs, 23% had concomitant bacteremia involving the same organism. The second part of the study consisted of a meta-analysis of all nine previous reports on the circumcision status of boys with UTIs. These studies revealed a fivefold to 89-fold increased risk of infection in uncircumcised boys; the combined data yielded a 12-fold increase in UTIs in this population. Parents should be told of the lower risk of UTIs for circumcised boys during informed-consent counseling.

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Reduced Efficacy of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Malnourished Children

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01723-08 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 1753-1759 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ina Danquah ◽

Ekkehart Dietz ◽

Philipp Zanger ◽

Klaus Reither ◽

Peter Ziniel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Efficacy ◽

Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Child Growth ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

First Year ◽

Malnourished Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Intermittent preventive treatment in infants with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTi-SP) reduces malaria episodes by 20 to 59% across Africa. This protective efficacy, however, may be affected by the high frequency of malnutrition in African infants. We analyzed the impact of malnutrition as defined by anthropometry on the incidence of malaria and on the protective efficacy of IPTi in a cohort of 1,200 children in northern Ghana, where malaria is hyperendemic. These children received IPTi-SP or placebo at 3, 9, and 15 months of age and were monitored until 24 months of age. Malnutrition was present in 32, 40, and 50% of children at ages 3, 9, and 15 months, respectively. It was associated with increased risks of severe anemia and death but not an increased risk of malaria. Although malaria slightly contributed to chronic malnutrition, IPTi did not substantially improve child growth. Importantly, the protective efficacies of IPTi in malnourished children were roughly half or even less of those observed in nonmalnourished children. In the first year of life, IPTi reduced the incidence of malaria to a significantly lesser extent in infants who received both doses in a malnourished condition (25%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −7 to 48%) compared to that of nonmalnourished children (46%; 95% CI, 30 to 58%; P = 0.049). Moreover, in contrast to nutritionally advantaged children, the rate of severe malaria appeared to be increased in malnourished children who took IPTi. IPTi might exhibit reduced efficacy in regions of abundant malnutrition. Concomitant nutrition programs may be needed in these places to achieve the desired impact.

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Relation between Birth Weight, Growth, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/926912 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Helena Valente ◽

Filumena Maria da Silva Gomes ◽

Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor ◽

Alexandra Valéria Maria Brentani ◽

Ana Maria de Ulhôa Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

First Year ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Low Hdl ◽

Right Lobe ◽

First Year Of Life

Background and Objectives.Adverse conditions in the prenatal environment and in the first years of life are independently associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to study the relation between birthweight, growth in the first year of life, and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults.Methods.88 adults aged between 20 and 31 were submitted to sociodemographic qualities, anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, metabolic profile, and evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis.Results.Birthweight <2,500 grams (g) was negatively correlated with (a) increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), according to regression coefficient (RC) equal to −0.323, 95% CI [−0.571, −0.075]P<0.05; (b) diastolic blood pressure (RC = −4.744, 95% CI [−9.017, −0.470]P<0.05); (c) low HDL-cholesterol (RC = −0.272, 95% CI [−0.516, −0.029]P<0.05); (d) frequency of intima-media thickness (IMT) of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.242, 95% CI [−0.476, −0.008]P<0.05). Birthweight >3,500 g was associated with (a) BMI >25.0 kg/m2, (RC = 0.317, 95% CI [0.782, 0.557]P<0.05); (b) increased waist circumference (RC = 0.284, 95% CI [0.054, 0.513]P<0.05); (c) elevated WHR (RC = 0.280, 95% CI [0.054, 0.505]P<0.05); (d) minimum subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (RC = 4.354, 95% CI [0.821, 7.888]P<0.05); (e) maximum SAT (RC = 7.095, 95% CI [0.608, 13.583]P<0.05); (f) right lobe of the liver side (RC = 6.896, 95% CI [1.946, 11.847]P<0.001); (g) frequency’s right lobe of the liver >75th percentile (RC = 0.361, 95% CI [0.169, 0.552]P<0.001). Weight gain in the first year of life was inversely correlated with (a) mean IMT of left carotid (RC = −0.046, 95% CI [−0.086, −0.006]P<0.05; (b) frequency IMT of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.253, 95% CI [−0.487, −0.018]P<0.05); (c) mean IMT (RC = −0.038, 95% CI [0.073, −0.002]P<0.05); (d) the frequency of the mean IMT >75th percentile (RC = −0.241, 95% CI [−0.442, −0.041]P<0.05).Conclusions.Adults birthweight <2,500 g and >3,500 g and with insufficient weight gain in the first year of life have showed different metabolic phenotypes, but all of them were related to subclinical atherosclerosis.

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Low Adrenomedullary Function Predicts Acute Illness in Infants with Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab600 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Weber ◽

Veeraya K Tanawattanacharoen ◽

Amy Seagroves ◽

Mark C Liang ◽

Christina M Koppin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽

Acute Illness ◽

First Year ◽

Plasma Epinephrine ◽

Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽

Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽

Young Infants ◽

Increased Risk ◽

21 Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Context Youth with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) exhibit abnormal adrenomedullary function with decreased epinephrine levels noted in newborns and young infants. Little is known about how this relates to morbidity during the first year of life. Objective To study plasma epinephrine levels in infants with classical CAH and examine the clinical significance of epinephrine deficiency in the first year of life. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Study participants were recruited from a pediatric tertiary care center. Patients or Other Participants 36 infants with classical CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 27 age-matched unaffected controls with congenital hypothyroidism. Main Outcome Measures Plasma epinephrine levels (N=27), CYP21A2 genotype (N=15), and incidence of acute illnesses from birth to 1 year of age (N=28). Results Epinephrine levels in CAH infants independently predicted illness incidence in the first year of life (β=-0.018, R=-0.45, P=0.02) and were negatively correlated with 17-hydroxyprogesterone at diagnosis (R=-0.51, P=0.007). Infants with salt-wasting CAH exhibited lower epinephrine levels as newborns than simple-virilizing infants (P=0.02). CAH patients had lower epinephrine as newborns than controls (P=0.007) and showed decreases in epinephrine from birth to 1 year of age (P=0.04). Null genotype was associated with lower newborn epinephrine and more illness in the first year of life, compared to less severe mutation categories. Conclusions Lower epinephrine levels are associated with increased risk of illness among CAH infants. While not currently part of clinical standard of care, measuring epinephrine levels and assessing genotype may help predict acute illness in the first year of life.

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